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General & Miscellaneous — UPSC Prelims Polity previous year questions — page 3

194 solved previous year questions on General & Miscellaneous, papers from 1991 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPPCS, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #81Practice set
   With reference to 'Composition of Constituent Assembly of India', consider the following statements:l. Each British Indian province and princely state were allotted fixed one seat in the constituent assembly. 2. The seats allocated to each British province were to be divided among the Muslims, Sikhs and General. 3. The members from chief commissioners' provinces were represented in the constituent assembly.How many of the above given statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Constituent Assembly was constituted in under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet l is incorrect: Each province and princely to be allotted seats in proportion to their Roughly, one seat was to be allotted for 2 is correct: Seats allocated to each were to be divided among the three Sikhs and general (all and Sikhs). The representatives of each to be elected by members of that community in legislative assembly and voting was to be by of proportional representation by means of 3 is correct: Chief Commissioner's to middle-level and minor type of provinces of in the post-colonial successor states, not headed by lrnl uy a Chief commissioner. strength of the Comlilueul Assembly was to be of this, four members were drawn from the four provinces, one from each

2. #82Practice set
   Consider the following statements: 1. Communist Party of India did not win any seats in the elections to the Constituent Assembly of India. 2. Unionist Party won the second highest number of seats, after Indian National Congress, in the elections to the Constituent Assembly of India.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct members of the Constituent Assembly were elected provincial assemblies by a single, of proportional l is incorrect. The Congress Party held a in the Assembly (69 percent of the seats). also members of smaller parties, such as the Federation, the Communist Party of India and Party. Communist Party of India got l seat in 2 is incorrect. Muslim League with 73 seats second largest party after Indian National seats) in the Constituent Assembly of India. got only 1 seat in the Constituent Assembly of India

3. #83Practice set
   Arrange the following events in the chronological order of their occurrence: 1. Adoption of National anthem 2. Ratification of Commonwealth membership 3. Adoption of National Flag in its present form 4. Adoption of National EmblemSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
   • A1-2-4-3
   • B3-2-1-4
   • C1-3-2-4
   • D3-4-1-2 IL
   Answer: (B) 3-2-1-4
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct events in chronological order of their occurrence 3: The National Flag of India was adopted in form during the meeting of the Constituent on 22 July 2: The Constituent Assembly ratified of the Commonwealth in May 'Jana Gana Mana' was adopted as the of India on January 24, 1950, by the 4: National Emblem of India is a representative the Republic of India that is adapted from the Lion Ashoka Pillar (based in Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh.) India it as the State Emblem on 26th Janua.ry 1950

4. #84Practice set
   'The people of India hold the power to freely conduct the affairs of the nation.- state. India is an independent state and there is no authority above it'. Which of the following term best defines this attribute of India as a nation-state?
   • ASovereignty
   • BSecularism
   • CRepublic
   • DDemocracy
   Answer: (A) Sovereignty
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct term 'Sovereign' implies India is is neither a a dominion. It is an independent state who is free its own affairs and there is no authority above it'. Important Tips The term Republic implies the political sovereignty is vested on the people of India and there is absence of any privileged class. The term 'Secularism' implies the state shall not favor or promote any particular religion. The term 'Democracy' implies that the power of the government is based on the consent of the people. A democracy may not be a sovereign nation. For example, Hong Kong is considered as democracy however it is not a sovereign l. Solution: Option d is the correct l is incorrect. In legal philosophy, prescribes that while resolving disputes, judges the constitution as it was understood at the time ratified, irrespective of whether they personally agree with the outcome of a case, decide

5. #85Practice set
   Consider the following statements with regard to the idea of liberty: 1. Negative Liberty is concerned with the recognition of a minimum area in which the individual can act unobstructed by others. 2. Positive Liberty recognizes that an individual can be free only in society and not outside of it.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct l is correct. 'Negative liberty' seeks to define an area in which the individual would be which he or she could 'do, be or become' whatever he wished to 'do, be or become'. This is an area in which authority can interfere. It is a minimum area sacred and in which whatever the individual does, is be interfered with. The existence of the 'minimum non-interference' is the recognition that human human dignity need an area where the person can by 2 is correct. Positive liberty recognizes individual can be free only in society (not outside hence tries to make that society such that it enables of the individual whereas negative liberty concerned with the inviolable area of not with the conditions in society, outside this area

6. #86Practice set
   With reference to Indian form of secularism, consider the following statements: 1. Indian secularism deals only with religious freedom of individual and not of community. 2. Indian secularism allows the state supported religious reform. 3. Indian secularism focuses on both inter and intra religious equality. 4. Under Indian secularism the state cannot aid any religious institution.How many statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct is the belief that religion should not be involved in the organization of society, l is incorrect. Indian secularism deals freedom of individuals and also of Under Indian secularism an the right to the religion of his or her religious minorities also have a right to exist maintain their own culture and educational 2 is correct. Indian secularism is the idea of state-supported religious reform. Indian constitution bans untouchability. The has enacted several laws abolishing child lifting the taboo on inter-caste marriage sanctioned 3 is correct. Indian Secularism does not on church-state separation but also the idea of inter religious equality is crucial to the Indian conception. in equal focus on intra-religious and Indian secularism equally opposed of dalits and women within Hinduism, against women within Indian Islam and the possible threats that a might pose to

7. #87Practice set
   Which of the following factors make the Im.Han more acceptable to the 72. Which of the following people at large? correctly portray the secular features 1. National leaders proposed the subjection of Indian state as mentioned in the of constitution to referendum of people. Const.itution? 2. It was supported by popular leaders who 1. Freedom of transmission and enjoyecl immense credibility. of one's religious to others is guaranteed under Indian 3. Constitution was framed by Constitution. representatives from all sections of Indian 2. Indian state cannot spend the money society. collected by way of tax for the promotion Select the correct answer using the code gi of any particular religion. below: 3. Constitution prohibits imparting of
   • A1 and 2 only religious instruction by any educational
   • B2 and 3 only institutions inlndia
   • C1 and 3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3 given below
   Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only institutions inlndia
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. Indian constitution was to referendum of people. It had the backing of popular leaders which makes it The people adopted it as their own by abiding by Therefore, the authority of people who constitution made it more 2 is correct. Indian constitution was drawn by who enjoyed immense public credibility and the capacity to negotiate and command the a wide cross section of society. It gives legitimacy to the Indian 3 is correct. Although the Constituent not directly elected by the people of India on the basis franchise, the Assembly comprised representatives sections of the Indian society- Hindus, Muslims, Anglo-Indians, Indian Christians, SCs, STs of all these sections. The Assembly included personalities of India at that time, with of Mahatma the critics charged that the Constituent dominated by the Congress party. Granville Austin, Constitutional ex

8. #88Practice set
   Which of the following statements about the concept of 'Police State'? 1. It puts forward that the state can perform various functions of social welfare. 2. It is concerned with the maintenance of law and order and defense of the country against external aggression. 3. Laissez faire is the fundamental economic system and policy necessarily followed by all Police states.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B1 and 3 only
   • C2 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (C) 2 only
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct state has been envisaged from various points of Classical liberalism or Police State is the concept 18th and the early 19th century, which supported state with minimal l is incorrect. The concept of Police State known as 'Classical liberalism' is based on the 'individualism'. It regards the state as a necessary of the selfish nature of man and an evil, because an enen,y of individual liberty. While it is the concept state that is based on the 'theory of revisionist' is assumed that the state can perform various functions 2 is correct. The police state is system under plays negative role which helped in law and order, protecting the nation from dispensing justice to its citizens and for financing such activities. The system was by welfare state when importance of alleviating regulating individual enterprise and most about social justice was realized. Statement 3 is

9. #89Practice set
   Which one of the following would you accept as the most apprnpdate definition of 'justice'?
   • AIt means providing opportunities for the development of individual personalities
   • BIt means of adequate opportunities for all individuals without any discrimination
   • CIt means equal treatment of all citizens without any social, economic and political distinction
   • DIt means assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation
   Answer: (C) It means equal treatment of all citizens without any social, economic and political distinction
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct c is correct. Justice means equal treatment citizens without any social, economic and Social justice denotes the equal treatment citizens without any social distinction based on race, religion, sex. Economic justice denotes between people on the basis of It involves the elimination of glaring inequalities income and property. Political justice implies that should have equal political rights, equal access to offices and equal voice in the government. Important Tips 'Liberty' means the absence of restraints on the activities of individuals, and at the same time, providing opportunities for the development of individual personalities. The Preamble secures to all citizens of India liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, through their Fundamental Rights, enforceable in court of law, in case of violation. 'Equality' means the absence of special privil

10. #90Practice set
    Which one of the following reflects the most relationship between law and liberty
    • AIf there are more laws, there is less liberty
    • BIf there are no laws, there is no liberty
    • CIf there are liberty laws have to be made by the people
    • DIf laws are changed too often, liberty is in danger
    Answer: (B) If there are no laws, there is no liberty
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct of Positive and Negative Liberty - was initially thought to be an outcome of of restrains. This idea of liberty is known as However, later on political thinkers agreed on that an absolute lack of restraints is neither possible This idea of liberty is known as positive John Locke said "where there is no law, there freedom". He also wrote that the ultimate aim of the not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and a is incorrect. Because if there are more laws, it to more liberty as well as laws themselves might more b is correct. In a society without laws, liberty under danger because the consequent c is incorrect. Even a constitutional monarchy can guarantee its people liberty through just the other hand, even a dernocracy which has may deprive certain sections of its minority of their d is i,tcorrect. This or may not be the case. depend on the kind of changes bei

11. #91Practice set
    Consider the following regarding th,e of Indian S,ecularism: 1. It advocates mutual exclusion of state and religion in order to protect individual 2. It forbids state from providing any type of financial aid to any specific religious community. 3. A single standard civil law is employed in delivering justice regardless of religious affiliation. 4. It prevents the State from discriminating against any citizen on the grounds of religion.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is the principle that determine the government and the religion. It plays an in a diverse country like l is incorrect: India's secularism does separate religion and state. But secularism means a state that is neutral to all religious 2 is incorrect: The Indian Constitution financial support for religious schools as well as of religious buildings and infrastructure by All religions are treated equally by the state. Statement 3 is incorrect: In Indian secularism, has its own set of personal laws and divorce, maintenance, guardianship joint family and partition etc. However, Goa only state in India which has a uniform civil code, single set of laws for all religious 4 is correct: Secularism in India provides to be neutral towards all religious groups. prevents the State from any citizen on the grounds of religion (Article 15)

12. #92Practice set
    Which of the following correctly outlines the principles of Indian socialism? 1. Nationalization of all means of production 2. Creation of no-class social system 3. Emphasis on welfare policies 4. No use of force to implement socialist ideas 5. Abolition of Private property through peaceful meansSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B3 and 4 only
    • C2, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 5 only
    Answer: (B) 3 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct is a political and economic system in which of production and property have public idea of socialism was originated from western have obtained a new identity in 3 and 4 are correct: The Indian idea of Emphasis on welfare: Social ideas in India is heavily leaning towards welfare of backward and poor section who are unable to lead a normal life. The state will take steps to ensure that they will have a good chance of living a normal life. No use of force to implement Socialism: In other countries we observe that the state has resorted to the use of violence and force for implementing socialist ideas, which has created clashes in society. In India the socialist ideas have been used as a do-good method rather than a political 1, 2 and 5 are Indian brand of socialism is a 'democratic socialism' and not a 'communistic socialism'. It does not involve the nationalization o

13. #93Practice set
    India is described as a Republic because:l. political sovereignty of India is vested in the people of the country. L India has accepted the British Crown as the head of the Commonwealth. 3. head of the state is always an elected individual. 4. Indian Constitution provides for only a singleHow many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct democratic polity can be classified into two categories monarchy and republic. In a monarchy, the head of the a hereditary position and in a republic the head state is always elected directly or indirectly for a land 3 are correct: India has a republican place of British monarchical system. A republic means one, vesting of political sovereignty in the not in a single individual like a king; second, the any privileged class and hence all public offices to every citizen without any discrimination. 'republic' in our Preamble indicates that India has head called the President. He is elected a fixed period of five 2 and 4 are factually correct but does the republican character of Indian Polity

14. #94Practice set
    "It is a minimum area that is sacred and in which whatever the individual does, is not to be interfered with. The existence of the 'minimum area of non-interference' is the recognition that human nature and human dignity need an area where the person can act unobstructed by others:' Which of the following ideals is referred to in the above paragraph?
    • APositive liberty
    • BEquality
    • CDistributive Justice
    • DNegative liberty
    Answer: (D) Negative liberty
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct liberty is an area in which 110 external interfere. Thus, there is an absence of restraints activities of the individuals. It is a minimum area that and in which whatever the individual does, is not interfered liberty is the possibility of acting in such a way take control of one's life and realize one's While negative liberty is usually attributed agents, positive liberty is sometimes collectivities, or to individuals considered primarily of given G

15. #95Practice set
    Which of the following principles constitute the components of 'social justice'? 1. Principle of treating equals equally 2. Rewarding people in proportion to their effort 3. Recognizing special needs of people while distributing rewardsSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 Union and its territory
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3 Union and its territory
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct of them are correct. The three principles of social Principle of treating equals equally: It is considered that all individuals share certain characteristics as human beings. Therefore, they deserve equal rights and equal treatment. Proportionality: Provided everybody starts from the same base line of equal rights, justice in such cases would mean rewarding people in proportion to the scale and quality of their effort. For justice in society, the principle of equal treatment needs to be balanced with the principle of proportionality. Recognition of special needs: A society needs to take into account special needs of people while distributing rewards or duties. It does not necessarily contradict the principle of equal treatment so much as extend it because the principle of treating equals equally could imply that people who are not equal in certain important respec

16. #96Practice set
    With reference to the reorganization of states in India after independence, consider the following statements: 1. Dhar Commission recommended the reorganization of states on the basis of administrative convenience. 2. Fazl Ali Commission rejected the theory of 'one language-one state'. 3. Fazl Ali Commission recommended financial, economic and administrative considerations as a factor for reorganizing states.How many statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. The Government of India Linguistic Provinces Commission under the S.l(. Dhar. The commission submitted its report 1948, and recommended the reorganization on the basis of administrative convenience rather 2 is correct. In December, 1953, Government to appointed a three member States under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali. It language as the basis of reorganization of it rejected the theory of 'one language-one 3 is correct. Fazl Ali Commission factors for reorganizing states Pradicebook (a) Preservation and strengthening of the unity and security of the Linguistic and cultural c) financial, economic and adwinislrative P.lanning and promotion of the welfare of the people in each state as well as of the nation as a whole

17. #97Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Protected Area Permit: 1. It is required for domestic tourists to visit certain areas in India. 2. Both the Inner line permit and Protected area permit derive statutory power under the Foreigners act 1946. Practiceb Foru 3. Ministry of Home Affairs is the main authority to administer the provisions related to Protected Area Permit.How many statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is incorrect. A foreign national, except a Bhutan, requires the Protected area permit to visit of 2 is incorrect. Protected Area Permit is the foreigners (Protected Areas) Order, 1958. has been issued under Act, Inner line permit is issued under the Bengal Regulation Act of 3 is correct. Ministry of Home Affairs is authority to administer the provisions related Area Permit. Important Tips Currently, Protected Areas are located in the following States

18. #98Practice set
    With reference to states reorganization in India, arrange the following mentioned States/Union Territories (UTs) in the chronological order of their formation: 1. Sikkim 2. Himachal Pradesh 3. Manipur 4. MizoramSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1-2-3-4
    • B2-3-1-4
    • C3-4-1-2
    • D4-2-3-1
    Answer: (B) 2-3-1-4
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct correct chronological order of formation of the territories (UTs) is: Himachal Sikkim Pradesh: It was created as a UT through the Act, 1956. In 1966, hill areas of State wcrt wilh Lhe adjoining U'l' of In HP was created as the 18 th State of Union of In 19'72, Manipur was elevated from UT to level (19 th State of It was conferred the status of 'associate state' in 19'74 through 35 th Constitutional Amen cl ment But in 1975, it was incorporated as the through 36 th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974, State of In 1987, it came into being as the State followed by Pradesh (24 th ) and Goa (25 th )

19. #99Practice set
    With reference to Indian constitution, what do you understand by the term 'State'?
    • AIt refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign government who govern a set of people
    • Brefers to a type of government which protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens
    • CIt refers to an institution which exercises its functions independently
    • DIt refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign people who occupy a definite territory. ook
    Answer: (A) It refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign government who govern a set of people
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 28 deals with the Freedom of Attending 1 and 2 are incorrect: Religious instruction allowed in an institute recognized by the State and an institute receiving aid from the State. However, it shall on a voluntary basis, and nobody can be forced in the religious activities or instructions in 3 is incorrect: Religious instruction is not in the institute which is administered by but has been established under any endowment which requires that religious instruction shall in such 4 is correct: There is absolute prohibition religious instruction in the institutes out of the State Funds. Hence, the given correct

20. #100Practice set
    Which of the following statements is the most appropriate description of the term "Nation"?
    • AIt is a legal political entity that fulfills the security and welfare need of its people
    • BIt is a political entity that necessarily consists of four elements-population, territory, government, and sovereignty
    • CIt is defined as an area of a 1 and that is controlled by its own government
    • DIt is a community of people naturally linked together by certain collective beliefs, aspirations and imaginations of its members
    Answer: (D) It is a community of people naturally linked together by certain collective beliefs, aspirations and imaginations of its members
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct a is incorrect. The State is a legal political at fulfills the security and welfare needs of ils is "3 community of permanently portion of territory and independent of any It possesses an organized government to which body of inhabitants render b is incorrect. The lia:, four territory, government, and sovereignty. In of even one element, a State cannot be really a the contrary, a nation is a group of people who have sense of unity and common c is incorrect. Country is defined as a region or of a land which is controlled by its own government. defined in a geographical d is correct. A nation is to a great extent community, held together by the aspirations and imaginations of its members. It on certain assumptions which people make collective whole with which they identify themselves. to a community or group of people who share the language, descent and a common to

21. #101Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to 1. Regionalism refers to sub-nationalism and sub,_, territorial loyalty. 2. Demand of people of certain Union Territories for full-fledged statehood is an example of regionalism. 3. Regionalism is a manifestation of mostly those elements which are very dominant in the national polity and national culture.How many statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct l is correct: Regionalism refers to sub nationalism and sub-territorial loyalty. It implies the a particular region or state in preference to the a whole. There is also sub regionalism, that is, love particular region in preference to the state of which forms a 2 is correct: Regionalism is a which manifests itself in the following Demand of the people of certain states for secession from the Indian Union (like Khalistan, Dravid Nad, Mizos, Nagas and so on). Demand of the people of certain areas for separate statehood (like Telengana, Bodoland, Uttarkhand, Vidharbha, Gorkhaland and so on). Demand of people of certain Union Territories for full fledged statehood (like Manipur, Tripura, Puducherry, Delhi, Goa, Daman and Diu and so on). Inter-state boundary disputes (like Chandigarh and Belgaum) and riverwater disputes (like Cauvery, Krishna, Ravi-Beas and so on). Form

22. #102Practice set
    With reference to the Integration of Princely States, which of the following statements is/ are correct? 1. Manipur became part of India by signing Instrument of Accession. 2. Manipur was the first state of India to hold an election based on universal adult franchise.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct before Independence, it was announced by the with the end of their rule over India, paramountcy British crown over Princely States would also lapse. government took the view that all these states to join either India or Pakistan or remain independent so wished. This decision was left not to the people the princely rulers of these l is correct. A few days before Independence, of Manipur, Bodhachandra Singh, signed of Accession with the Indian government assurance that the internal autonomy of Manipur 2 is correct. Under the pressure of public Maharaja held elections in Manipur in June 1948 state became a constitutional monarchy. Thus, the first part of India to hold an election based adult franchise

23. #103Practice set
    With reference to the separatist movements in North Eastern India in post-Independence era, consider the following statements: 1. In Assam, the non--Assamese demanded a tribal State to be carved out of Assam. 2. People in Mizo hills demanded independence as they believe they were never a part of British India. 3. The Naga movement was led by Laldenga.How many statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct Independent India had witnessed many movements autonomy and secession especially in the India. These movements frequently involved by the people, their repression by the a collapse of the political and electoral accords were reached after a process of dialogue to settle contentious issues within the 1 is correct: At independence the entire Manipur and Tripura comprised the State of for political autonomy arose when the felt that the Assam government was language on them. There were opposition riots throughout the State. Leaders of the communities wanted to separate from Assam. a tribal State to be carved out of Assam. of one tribal State, several States got carved out At different points of time the Central to create Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal of Assam. Tripura and Manipur were upgraded 2 is correct: After Independence, the Mizo was made an autonomous distric

24. #104Practice set
    According to the Constitution of India, the expression 'Territory of India' indudes which among the following? l. The territories of the states 2. The Union territories 3. The territories that rnay be acquired by the government of India at any time.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 2 3 are correct. According to Article 1 of of India, the expression 'Territory of India' includes not only the territories of the states but also and territories that may be acquired by of India at any future time

25. #105Practice set
    Which of the following persons were eligible to be the citizens of India at the time of commencement of the Constitution? 1. A person domiciled in India and either of his parents were born in India. Practicebo 2. A person of Indian origin domiciled outside India. 3. A person not of Indian origin and domiciled outside India. 4. A person migrated to Pakistan but returned to India for resettlement. 5. A person migrated from Pakistan and he or his parents or grandparents were not born in undivided India.Choose the correct answer from the codes given below
    • A1, 3, 4 and 5 only
    • B1, 3 and 5 only
    • C1, 2 and 4 only
    • D1 and 2 only
    Answer: (C) 1, 2 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 5 to Article 8 of Indian Constitutions deals four categories of person who became the citizens at the time of commencement of the l is correct: As per Article 5 of the a person who had his domicile in India at of commencement of the Constitution was eligible a citizen. This is subject to the fulfillment of any 3 given additional conditions: Basic Condition Additional Conditions A person domiciled in India He was born in India OR Either of his parents were born in India OR He had been an ordinary resident for more than 5 a person domiciled in India is eligible to citizenship, subject to fulfilling other 2 is correct: Article 8 allows for a person of residing outside India to obtain citizenship During the commencement of the person could have applied to the diplomatic or of India in the country of his 3 is incorrect: At the time of Constitution did not contain any s

26. #106Practice set
    Consider the following pairs:Concept Example 1. Affirmative Free primary Action healthcare services for all 2. Formal Equality Special ramps for disabled people 3. Equality of Equal inheritance Opportunity rights to womenHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrectly matched. Affirmative actions are eliminate deep rooted social inequalities. Sometimes necessary to treat people differently in order to ensure can enjoy equal rights. For instance, disabled justifiably demand special ramps in public spaces they get an equal chance to enter public should not be seen as infringements of equality enhancement of equality. Thus, providing free services to all is not affirmative 2 is incorrectly matched. Social, economic inequalities all over the world have been customs and legal systems that prohibited some society from enjoying certain kinds of opportunities Formal equality requires that the government law of the land should stop protecting these inequality. The Constitution prohibits discrimination of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Thus, providing special ramps for disabled people forms part action and

27. #107Practice set
    Which of the following rights are available to both as foreigners?
    • AProhibition of on grounds of sex
    • BFreedom of aml expression
    • CFreedorn to rnanagc rdigious affairs
    • DProtection of,Jf mi nor ities
    Answer: (C) Freedorn to rnanagc rdigious affairs
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct rights available to both citizens and enemy aliens) 14 - Equality before the law and equal protection 20 - Protection in respect of conviction for 21 - Protection of life and personal - Right to elementary 22 - Protection against arrest and detention 23 - Prohibition of traffic in human beings 24 - Prohibition of employment of children Article 25 - Freedom of conscience and free and propagation of 26 - Freedom to manage religious 27 -- Freedom from payment of taxes for any 28 Freedom from attending religious instruction in certain educational institutions. Important Tips Fundamental rights available only to citizens and not to foreigners - Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. Article 19 Protection of six rights related to freedom

28. #108Practice set
    Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the "Rule of Law"? 1. Limitation of powers. 2. Equality before law. 3. Responsibility of the citizen towards the State. 4. Liberty and civil rights.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C1, 2 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (C) 1, 2 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 2 and 4 are correct. The idea of 'Rule of - Equality before law - Every person, irrespective of any differences on the basis of gender, caste, place of birth and the like, has to be accorded same treatment in the exercise of law. Absence of arbitrary power - Th.is would require that all authorities vested with powers of the State are bound by laws themselves in the exercise of their powers, The primacy of the rights of individual - Rule of law has to ensure that individuals' liberty and civil rights are protected from the State's and private individual' 3 is incorrect. Rule of law requires the has to be responsible to citizens, not the other

29. #109Practice set
    The term 'equal protection of law' means: 1. Absence of any special privileges in favor of any person. 2. Equality in the privileges conferred and liabilities imposed by the laws in equal circumstances. 3. The like should be treated alike without any discrimination.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is incorrect. The concept of 'equality connotes the absence of any special privileges in any person. The tern, also rneans equal subjection of to the ordinary law of the 2 is correct. The concept 'equal law' connotes the equality of treatment under both in the privileges conferred and by the laws. This also means the similar the same laws to all persons who are similarly 3 is correct. The term 'equal protection of means that the like should be treated alike without

30. #110Practice set
    Consider the following statements:The concept of 'equality before law' connotes 1. Absence of any special privileges in favor of any person. 2. Similar application of the same laws to all persons who are similarly situated. 3. Establishing equality of legal status, opportunity and justice.How many statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 'equality before law' Statement l is correct: The absence of any special privileges in favour of any The equal subjection of all persons to the ordinary law of the land administered by ordinary law No person (whether rich or poor, high or low, official or non-official) is above the law. 'equal protection of laws' on the other hand, The equality of treatment under equal The similar application of the laws to all who are similarly situated. Hence, statement 2 is The like be treated alike without any discrimination. Thus, the former is a negative concept while the latter is a positive bolh of lhem aim at establishing equality status, opportunity and justice. Hence, statement correct

31. #111Practice set
    Which of the following a.re included in the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution of India? 1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. 2. Abolition of untouchability. 3. Protection of the interests of minorities. 4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 4 only
    • B2, 3 and 4 only
    • C1 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (C) 1 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Right against Exploitation is enshrined in Articles 24 of the Indian l is correct. Article 23 prohibits traffic beings, begar (forced labour) and other of forced 2 is incorrect. Abolition of untouchability of its practice is provided under the Right in Article 3 is incorrect. Cultural and Educational 29 and 30): Article 29 provides for the protection of language, script and culture of minorities. Article 30 provides for the right of minorities to establish and administer educational 4 is correct. Article 24 prohibits the children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine hazardous activities like construction work or it does not prohibit their employment in any harmless work

32. #112Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding given to under the Constitution: 1. Cultural rights, under Article 29, grants protection to both religious and linguistic minorities. 2. A minority educational institution established, under Article JO, is free from government regulations.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct. Article 29 grants protection to minorities as well as linguistic 2 is incorrect. Article 30 grants all and linguistic) the right to establish educational institutions of their choice. But are not free from all government general laws of the land relating to national security, social welfare, public order, sanitation, taxation etc., applicable to all

33. #113Practice set
    Which of the following statements regarding religious freedom provided under Article 26 of the constitution, is/ are correct? 1. Any group of individuals with a common set of spiritual beliefs is termed as a 'religious denomination' under the constitution. 2. It can be restricted based on public order, morality and health. 3. It provides the right to establish institutions for charitable purposes.Select the correct option using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is incorrect: For a group to be termed as Denomination' for the purposes of Article the Constitution, following three conditions have to it should be a collection of individuals with common set of spiritual/ religious beliefs (doctrines) it should have a common organisational it should be designated by a distinctive three must be 2 is correct: There are only 3 to the collective religious freedom under Article 26, as mentioned in the constitution: public order morality (scope vis a vis Article 25 currently under consideration) provisions related to fundamental rights are on rights guaranteed under Article 25, 3 is correct: The freedom to manage is provided by Article 26. This Article gives the every religious denomination, or any section thereof, the rights that it stipulates. However, this right be exercised in a manner that is in conformity with morality, and h

34. #114Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Any section of citizens with a distinct language or culture have a right to conserve it under Article 29. 2. Admission into any educational institution maintained by State cannot be denied only on the ground of language. 3. Cultural and Educational Rights under Part of the Constitution are available only to citizens of India and not to foreigners.How many statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Constitution of India stands for a Secular State. does not uphold any particular religion as the of the Indian 1 is 25 provides right to propagate that and dissemination of one's religious others or exposition of the tenets of one's religion. does not include a right to convert another person to religion. Forcible conversions impinge on the conscience' guaranteed to all the persons 2 is 27 lays down that State should not spend money collected by way of tax for the maintenance of any particular religion. This the State from favouring, patronising one religion over the other. This means that can be used for the promotion or maintenance of 3 is Article 28, no religious instruction shall be any educational institution wholly maintained out funds. However, this provision shall not apply educational institution administered by the State under any endowment or trust, of

35. #115Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to concept of Liberty: 1. Positive liberty is 'freedom from' external constraints. 2. Negative liberty advocates for freedom as dependent on society.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct is the state of being free within society restrictions imposed by authority on or political l is incorrect. Negative liberty (and not is 'freedom from' constraints. Negative liberty absence of obstacles, barriers or constraints. One liberty to the extent that actions are available to this negative liberty' seeks to define and defend an area in individual would be inviolable. This is an area in external authority can interfere. It is a minimum area sacred and in which whatever the individual does, is be interfered choice of what clothes to wear in different 2 is incorrect. Positive liberty is the 'freedom your goals and Jive life as you liberty is the possibility of acting - or the acting - in such a way as to take control of one's realize one's fundamental purposes. Positive that one can be free only in society (not and hence tries to make that society such that i

36. #116Practice set
    Consider the following statements to the "procedure established by faw" and "due process of law": 1. Doctrine of 'Due process of law' checks for procedural correctness of law only. 2. Doctrine of 'Procedure Established by Law' checks both the procedural correctness as well as fairness of a law. 3. American Constitution provides for 'procedure established by law' against that of 'due process of law' contained in the Indian Constitution.How many statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct l and 2 are incorrect. The difference between established by law and due process of law is due process of law gives wide scope to the Supreme grant protection to the rights of its citizens. It can violative of these rights void not only on of being unlawful, but also on procedural being Established by Law means that a law that is by the legislature or the concerned body is valid if followed the correct procedure. Following this that, a person can be deprived of his life or according to the procedure established by law. Court, while determining the a law, however examines only the substantive whether the law is within the powers of the or not. It is not expected to go into the its reasonableness, suitability or policy 3 is incorrect. The scope of judicial review the Supreme Court in India is narrower than that of in US. This is because the American for 'due process

37. #117Practice set
    of minorities in India, consider the following statements: 1. Article 30 of Indian Constitution provides for reverse discrimination in favour of minorities. 2. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State only on the grounds of religion.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the con-ect l is incorrect. The right conferred on Article 30 is only to ensure equality with and not intended to place the minorities in a more advantageous position vis-a--vis the majority. There is discrimination in favonr of 2 is correct. As per the second provision 29 of India constitution, no citizen shall be into any educational institution maintained Stale or receiving aid out of State funds on of religion, race, caste, or language. This feature is restricted to minorities only, as it is to be but extended to all citizens in the country

38. #118Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. The concept of 'equality before law' is of British origin while the concept of 'equal protection of laws' has been taken from the American Constitution. 2. Unlike the concept of 'equality before law', the 'equal protection of laws' advocates absence of special privileges in favour of any person. 3. Indian Constitution has rejected the concept of 'equal protection of laws' in favour of the concept of 'equality before the law'.How many of the above given statements is/ are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct: The expression 'equality stems from the English Common Law (British) expression 'equal protection of law' stems from Constitution. The concept of 'equality before an element of the concept of 'Rule of Law', A.V. Dicey, the British jurist. While the concept of of laws' has been taken from the 2 is incorrect: The expression 'equality is a negative concept as it implies an absence privileges that favour any individual. expression 'equal protection of law' on the is a positive concept as it simply means that be equality of treatment of individuals in 3 is incorrect: Indian Constitution has the concept of 'equality before law' and of laws' under Article Solution (c) Option c is the crnrrect answer. are reasonable daims of persons recognized by and sanctioned law. Rights are daims of a person over other fellow beings, over the society and over the governme

39. #119Practice set
    In context to political theory, which of the following is correct regarding the 'Harm Principle'?
    • AIt provides that a government must prevent any physical harm to its citizens, as it is responsible to protect their life and property
    • BThe Right to Protection of Life, as enshrined in the Jndtan Constitution, is the direct reflection of this pdncipl.e
    • CIt says that the should be free to act as they wish, unless their actions cause harm to others
    • DIt proposes that if two circumstances are put before an individual, he will ahvays choose the option causing less possible harm
    Answer: (C) It says that the should be free to act as they wish, unless their actions cause harm to others
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Harm Principle says that people should be free to they wish unless their actions cause harm to The Harm Principle means that there should be on a person from acting in a way that may to others. It was first proposed by English Stuart Mill. It means people should be free to act way they want, however their actions should not to somebody else. Phrase "Your freedom to swing ends where my nose begins" reflects the sentiment of principle. Important Tips According to 'Loss Aversion' Theory, if two choices are put before an individual, both equal, with one presented in terms of potential gains and the other in terms of possible losses, the former option will be chosen

40. #120Practice set
    Whkh of the following is the most appropriate description of the term "Fabian Socialism"?
    • AAn ideology that promotes gradual establishment of democratic socialism through peaceful means
    • BAn ideology that advocates the advancement of socialism through revolutionary overthrow
    • CA type of socialistic ideology that is very protective of natural resources
    • DA socialistic ideology that involves the market mechanism for allocating economic resources
    Answer: (A) An ideology that promotes gradual establishment of democratic socialism through peaceful means
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is a system in which every person in has an equal share of the various elements distribution, and exchange of resources. Such of ownership is granted through a democratic a is correct: Fabian socialism is a form of advances the principles of democratic framework gradual conversion to socialism by peaceful than by revolutionary Important Tips Marxism advocates the advancement of socialism through revolutionary overthrow. Green socialism is a type of socialistic ideology that is very protective of natural resources. Market socialism refers to various economic systems that involve either public ownership or worker cooperative ownership over the means of production, or a combination of both

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