Citizenship & Schedules — UPSC Prelims Polity previous year questions

Statement 1 is wrong. Tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram fall under the Sixth Schedule. The Fifth Schedule covers Scheduled Areas of other states.
Statement 2 is correct. Some tribes are exempt from income tax on certain incomes. An example is Section 10(26) of the Income-tax Act.
Statement 3 is correct. Article 243D reserves Panchayat seats for SC and ST, and one third of these seats go to women of those groups.
So there are two correct statements, including statement 2.
Remember: the Sixth Schedule creates Autonomous District Councils.

Source: Constitution of India, Fifth and Sixth Schedules, Art. 243D; Income-tax Act, 1961 s.10(26)

Statement I is incorrect. In Scheduled Areas the State executive power continues. The Governor administers with the help of a Tribes Advisory Council. A local body does not take over total administration.
Statement II is incorrect. The Union's executive power extends only to giving directions to the State on administering Scheduled Areas. The Union does not take over total administration.
So neither statement is correct.
Remember: The Fifth Schedule covers Scheduled Areas in most States. The Sixth Schedule covers tribal areas in four North-eastern States.

Source: Constitution of India, Fifth Schedule and Art. 339(2)

The 71st Amendment, 1992, added three languages to the Eighth Schedule. These were Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali.
Maithili was added later, by the 92nd Amendment Act, 2003, along with Bodo, Dogri and Santhali.
So only 1, 2 and 3 are correct. The other options include Maithili.
Remember: the 21st Amendment (1967) added Sindhi; the 92nd (2003) added four languages.

Source: Constitution of India, Eighth Schedule; Constitution (71st and 92nd Amendment) Acts

Statement 1 is correct. The President declares Scheduled Areas by order, after consulting the Governor (Fifth Schedule, para 6).
Statement 2 is correct. A Scheduled Area can be as large as a district and as small as a cluster of villages in a block.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Governor, not the Chief Minister, reports to the President on the administration of Scheduled Areas (para 3).
So two statements are correct.
Remember: The Governor reports to the President on Scheduled Areas.

Source: Constitution of India, Fifth Schedule, paras 3 and 6

The Fifth Schedule lets the Governor make regulations for Scheduled Areas. These can prohibit or restrict the transfer of land from tribals to non-tribals (para 5).
A local self-governing body is created by the Sixth Schedule or by PESA, not by the Fifth Schedule itself.
Scheduled Areas stay part of the state. They do not become a Union Territory, and special category status is decided on separate criteria.
Remember: Fifth Schedule means land protection for tribals.

Source: Constitution of India, Fifth Schedule, para 5

Statement 1 is correct. India has single citizenship. A person has one domicile for the whole country, not one for each State.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Article 58 only requires the President to be a citizen of India. A naturalised citizen can also be elected.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Under Section 10 of the Citizenship Act 1955, the Central Government can deprive a citizen of citizenship in certain cases. Citizenship acquired by registration or naturalisation can be taken away if it was obtained by fraud.
Remember: India follows single citizenship, unlike the USA.

Source: Constitution of India, Arts. 5-11 and 58; Citizenship Act 1955, s. 10

The Ninth Schedule was added by the First Amendment Act, 1951.
Jawaharlal Nehru was the Prime Minister at that time.
The purpose was to protect land reform laws from court challenge.
Shastri (1964-66), Indira Gandhi (1966-77) and Morarji Desai (1977-79) were not Prime Ministers in 1951.
Remember: Laws added after 24 April 1973 can be reviewed by courts (I.R. Coelho, 2007).

Source: Constitution of India, Ninth Schedule; Constitution (First Amendment) Act 1951

The Fifth Schedule governs Scheduled Areas. Para 5 lets the Governor regulate or prohibit the transfer of tribal land.
In the Samatha case (1997), the Supreme Court held that land in Scheduled Areas cannot be leased to private parties for mining. Such transfers are void.
The Third Schedule is about oaths, the Ninth about protected laws and the Twelfth about municipalities.
Remember: Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1997) is the key case.

Source: Constitution of India, Fifth Schedule; Samatha v. State of A.P. (1997)

Statement 1 is correct. Parliament can add laws to the Ninth Schedule by a constitutional amendment.
Statement 2 is incorrect. In I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007) the Supreme Court held that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after 24 April 1973 can be reviewed. They fail if they violate the basic structure or fundamental rights.
Remember: The Ninth Schedule was added by the First Amendment in 1951.

Source: Constitution of India, Ninth Schedule and Art. 31B; I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)

The Fifth Schedule deals with administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in States other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
The Sixth Schedule deals with tribal areas in those four States.
Both protect the interests of Scheduled Tribes.
State boundaries are changed under Article 3.
Panchayat powers are in the Eleventh Schedule.
Remember: Fifth Schedule is for Scheduled Areas. Sixth Schedule is for Tribal Areas.

Source: Constitution of India, Fifth and Sixth Schedules, Arts. 244 and 244A

The Tenth Schedule contains the anti-defection provisions.
It was added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985.
The Second Schedule lists salaries of constitutional office holders.
The Fifth Schedule deals with Scheduled Areas.
The Eighth Schedule lists recognised languages.
Remember: The 91st Amendment (2003) removed the split exemption in the Tenth Schedule.

Source: Previous year paper; answer key cross-checked against published sources

The Fifth Schedule contains provisions for administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in many States.
The Third Schedule contains forms of oaths.
The Seventh Schedule contains the Union, State and Concurrent Lists.
The Ninth Schedule contains laws protected from challenge.
Remember: The Sixth Schedule covers Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

Source: Constitution of India, Art. 244 and Fifth Schedule

The First Schedule lists the States and Union Territories with their territories.
When a new State is created, its name and area must be entered here. This is done under Articles 3 and 4.
The Second Schedule deals with salaries of high office holders.
The Third Schedule has forms of oaths. The Fourth Schedule allocates Rajya Sabha seats.
Such a law is not treated as a constitutional amendment under Article 368.
Remember: Article 4 says laws under Articles 2 and 3 amend the First and Fourth Schedules.

Source: Constitution of India, Arts. 3, 4 and First Schedule

The Fourth Schedule allocates seats in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) to the States and Union Territories.
The Seventh Schedule gives the distribution of powers between the Union and States.
The Eighth Schedule lists the languages.
The Fifth and Sixth Schedules deal with the administration of Scheduled and Tribal areas.
Remember: Seat allocation is under Arts. 80 and 4.

Source: Constitution of India, Fourth Schedule

The Constitution decides citizenship at its commencement under Articles 5 to 10.
The Citizenship Act, 1955 covers acquisition and loss of citizenship on or after 26 January 1950, the date the Constitution came into force.
26 November 1949 is the date the Constitution was adopted and some Articles started, including those on citizenship, but the Act does not use it.
15 August 1947 and 14 August 1947 relate to Independence and Partition.
Remember: The Act provides five modes: birth, descent, registration, naturalisation and incorporation of territory.

Source: Citizenship Act 1955, s. 3 to 7

Pair 1 is incorrect. The First Schedule lists States and Union Territories. Oaths and affirmations are in the Third Schedule.
Pair 2 is incorrect. Allocation of Rajya Sabha seats is in the Fourth Schedule.
Pair 3 is correct. The Fifth Schedule covers Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
Pair 4 is incorrect. Administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram is in the Sixth Schedule. The Ninth Schedule lists laws protected from challenge.
So only one pair is correct.

Source: Constitution of India, Schedules 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9

The Sixth Schedule covers administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
It allows Autonomous District Councils and Regional Councils there. Article 244(2) and Article 275(1) support it.
The Third Schedule has forms of oaths. The Fourth Schedule allots Rajya Sabha seats.
The Fifth Schedule deals with Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in other States, which have Tribes Advisory Councils, not District Councils.
Remember: Sixth Schedule = Autonomous District Councils.

Source: Constitution of India, Sixth Schedule; Art. 244(2)

The Fourth Schedule lists the seats in Rajya Sabha allotted to each state and Union Territory (Arts. 4 and 80).
The Third Schedule gives forms of oaths. The Fifth Schedule deals with Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. The Sixth Schedule deals with tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
Remember: Fourth Schedule means Rajya Sabha seats.

Source: Constitution of India, Fourth Schedule

Statement 1 is correct. Article 9 says no person is a citizen under Article 5, 6 or 8 if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State.
Statement 2 is correct. Article 11 gives Parliament full power to regulate citizenship by law.
The Citizenship Act, 1955 was made under this power.
So both are correct.
Remember: Articles 5 to 11 are in Part II.

Source: Constitution of India, Arts. 5 to 11

The Third Schedule gives the forms of oaths and affirmations. So A matches 2.
The Fourth Schedule allocates seats in the Council of States. So B matches 1.
The Seventh Schedule has the Union, State and Concurrent Lists of legislative subjects. So C matches 4.
The Eighth Schedule lists the recognised languages. So D matches 3.
The correct code is 2 1 4 3.
Remember: The Eighth Schedule now lists 22 languages.

Source: Constitution of India, Third, Fourth, Seventh and Eighth Schedules