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Environmental Governance — UPSC Prelims Science & Environment previous year questions — page 4

149 solved previous year questions on Environmental Governance, papers from 1994 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS, UPSC CDS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #121Practice set
   Which of the following Gases are targeted under the Kyoto Protocol? 1. Nitrous oxide 2. Sulfur hexafluoride 3. Water Vapor 4. Ozone 5. Methane rumllllSelect the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1, 2, and 5 only
   • B2, 3, and 4 only
   • C1, 4 and 5 only
   • D1, 2, 4 and 5 only
   Answer: (A) 1, 2, and 5 only
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct gases are known to contribute to global trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere, and the aimed to reduce their emissions in (CH4) - Produced by natural sources like well as human activities such as livestock farming, landfills, and fossil fuel production. 5 is oxide - Emitted from agricultural activities, as well as the burning of fossil option 1 is hexafluoride (SF6) - A synthetic gas used electrical transmission and distribution equipment, as in magnesium and aluminum production. 2 is 3 and 4 are incorrect: Water Vapor and ozone part of Kyoto Protocol. Important Tips The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement adopted in 1997 that aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in response to climate change. The protocol targets six primary greenhouse gases: The other three are: dioxide (CO2) - Primarily produced from the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, an

2. #122Practice set
   Consider the following statements regarding the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): 1. It is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management. 2. UNCCD is an outcome of the Rio Earth Summit 1992 3. UNCCD launched Bonn Challenge in 2001 for the restoration of degraded and deforested landscapes.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is correct: Established in 1994, the Convention to Combat Desertification the sole legally binding international environment and development to sustainable It is the driving force behind Goal 15 and Land Degradation 2 is correct: The 1992 Rio Earth Summit to the three Rio Conventions: the Convention Diversity (CBD), the United Nations on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the Convention to Combat Desertification 3 is incorrect: The Bonn Challenge is a to bring 150 million hectares of degraded and into restoration by 2020 and 350 million 2030. Launched by the Government of Germany in 2011, the Challenge surpassed the 150-million hectare milestone for pledges in 2017

3. #123Practice set
   Consider the following pairs: 1. Cartagena To protect biological Protocol diversity from the potential risks posed by Living Modified Organisms (LMO) 2. Nagoya Fair and Equitable Protocol Sharing of Benefit arising from genetic resources 3. Nagoya - Response measures Kuala Lumpur which must be taken in Supplementary the case of damage to Protocol biodiversity resulting from Living Modified OrganismsHow many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: technology development and transfer, benefit sharing and biosafety issues. The biosafety protocol protect biological diversity from the potential risks "Living Modified Organisms (LMOs)" resulting 2 is correct. Nagoya Protocol is a 2010 to the 1992 Convention on Biological The Nagoya Protocol is about "Access to and the "Fair and Equitable Sharing of from their utilization 3 is correct. Nagoya Kuala Lumpur on Liability and Redress: It reinforces the The Supplementary Protocol specifies which must be taken in the case of damage resulting from Living Modified Organisms. Important Tips CBD is an international legally binding convention which recognized for the first time, the need for conservation of biological diversity for the welfare of humankind. The agreement covers all ecosystems and species as well as genetic reso

4. #124Practice set
   Consider the following statements about the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS): 1. The Convention was adopted in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro. 2. It is the only global Convention specializing in the conservation of migratory species. 3. India signed the "Raptor MOU" on Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia with the CMS. 4. Gandhinagar Declaration, related to CMS, calls for the concept of 'ecological connectivity'.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (C) Only three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect. Convention on the Migratory Species or Convention on Migratory is an environmental treaty under the aegis of Nations Environment Programme. It came on November 1, 2 is correct. CMS is the only global in the conservation of migratory species, and migration routes that provides a global the conservation and sustainable use of migratory their 3 is correct. India had non-legally binding Mo the CMS on the conservation and management Cranes (1998), Marine Turtles (2007), and Raptors (2016). Indian Government signed MOU" on Conservation of Migratory Birds of Africa and Eurasia with the 4 is correct. CMS COP 13 was held in 2020 and adopted the Gandhinagar Declaration. calls for the integration of migratory species the concept of 'ecological connectivity'

5. #125Practice set
   With reference to 'Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITE consider the following statements: 1. It also regulates the international trade of dead animals. 2. The CITES Secretariat is administered by the United Nations Environment Programme. 3. It is legally binding convention that provides a framework to the member parties in its own domestic legislation. 4. Its members list includes corporates and nonprofit organization as well.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (C) Only three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Convention on International Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora export, re-export, import and landing from the of live and dead animals and plants and their parts 2 is correct: The CITES Secretariat by the United Nations and is located at Geneva, 3 is correct: CITES is legally binding on They have to implement the Convention. It take the place of national laws, rather it provides to be adopted by parties in its own 4 is incorrect: CITES is an between governments. NGO and corporates the member party of CITES. Currently, there are countries of CITES. Important Tips The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an international agreement between governments that aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.CITES regulates internati

6. #126Practice set
   The Global Environment Facility (GEF) serves as a formal financial mechanism for which of the following conventions/ Protocols? 1. Convention on Biological Diversity 2. Minamata Convention on Mercury 3. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 4. United Nations Convention to Combat DesertificationSelect the correct answer using the code given below
   • A2 and 3 only
   • B1 and 4 only
   • C1, 2 and 4 only
   • D1, 2, 3 and 4
   Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to help tackle most pressing environmental The GEF serves as al for the following conventions: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Minamata Convention on Mercury

7. #127Practice set
   The Poznan strategic program, sometimes seen in the news, is
   • AA defence coalition of countries around South China Sea
   • BA program for climate technology development and transfer activities
   • CAn outer space initiative by European Space Agency
   • DA strategic partnership for free navigation in Indian Ocean
   Answer: (B) A program for climate technology development and transfer activities
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct answer. The Poznan strategic program (PSP), initiated by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), provides funding to climate technology development and transfer activities. The program has supported countries to undertake technology needs assessments (TNAs), develop technology pilot projects and implement hundreds of climate projects with objectives related to climate technologies. Countries created the PSP in 2007, when the Conference of the Parties (COP) requested the GEF to elaborate a strategic programme for scaling up the level of investment for technology transfer. This was undertaken with the aim of helping developing countries to address their needs for environmentally sound technologies

8. #128Practice set
   With reference to 'Agenda 21', sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements: 1. It is a global action plan for sustainable development. 2. It originated in the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (A) 1 only
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1 is correct. Agenda 21 is a non-binding of the United Nations with regard to 2 is incorrect. Agenda 21 is a product of Summit (UN Conference on Environment held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992

9. #129Practice set
   Consider the following statements: 1. Bonn Convention deals with the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their habitats. 2. 13th Conference of Parties (COP) of Bonn Convention was hosted by India in 2020. 3. The Indian sub-continent is a part of the Flyway (CAF).How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is correct. The Convention cm the Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also Bonn Convention, provides a global platform for and sustainable use of migratory animals habitats. It brings together the States through animals pass, called as the Range States. It is treaty, concluded under the aegis of Nations Environment 2 is correct. of of the Convention on the conservation of wild animals (CMS) was hosted by India 2020 at Gandhinagar in 3 is correct. The Indian sub-continent is part of the bird flyway network, I.e., the Flyway (CAF) that covers ar,rns between the Indian Oceans, and rnvers including globally threatened species. India has the National Action Plait for the conservation species under the Central Asian Flyway

10. #130Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification: 1. It is the only legally binding international agreement linking environment to sustainable land management. 2. Increase in the area of deserts is included in its criteria of desertification. 3. India has not ratified the convention.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. The United Nations Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the sole international agreement linking environment to sustainable land management. in 1994, is one of the Ri.o Conventions on desertification, land and 2 is incorrect. 'Desertification' as defined UNCCD refers to land degl'adation in the semi-arid and dry sub humid regimis) resulting factors and does not connote or 3 is incorrect. India a signatory in 1994, and ratifiecl it in 1996. The Ministry Forest ancl Climate Change is the for the Solution: Option 11 is the correct 1 is incorrect: Bonn Challenge is launched by of Germany and 2 is correct: Bonn Challenge airns to restore hectares of degraded and deforested by 2020 million hectares by 2030. The Challenge surpassed milestone for pledges in 3 is incorrect: India became part of the in January Important Tips Bonn Challenge is a global effort to b

11. #131Practice set
    Consider the following statements:1. is a joint programme of World Wide Fund for Nature and IUCN. 2. Its aims to ensure that international trade of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. 3. 'Not All Animals Migrate by Choice' is a joint initiative of and Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) of India.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: The Wildlife Trade ( ) is an NGO jointly formed by the Fund for Nature (WWF) and IUCN for trade in wild animals and plants in the context of conservation and sustainable is a convention between countries and compliments the CITES in the task of monitoring trade in wild animals and 2 is correct: aims to ensure trade of wild animals and plants does their survival and conservation. It analyses wildlife trade trends, patterns, impacts to provide the leading knowledge base on trade animals and 3 is incorrect: 'Not All Animals Migrate is a joint initiative of United Nation and Wildlife Crime Control Bureau India. It is an awareness campaign launched at across the country. It aims at creating garnering public support for the protection of wildlife, prevention of smuggling in demand for wildlife products

12. #132Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the 'Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction': 1. It is a binding agreement which recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk. 2. It aims for a substantial reduction in disaster losses resulting from both manmade and natural hazards. 3. It marks a shift in emphasis from disaster management to disaster risk management. 4. The goals are defined in terms of outcome based targets instead of focusing on sets of activities and actions.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect. The Sendai Framework is a non-binding agreement which recognizes State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk, responsibility should be shared with other local governments, the private sector, the and 2 is correct. It aims for a substantial reduction losses resulting from both man-made and It places almost equal importance on all kinds and not only on those arising from natural 3 is correct. There is significant shift from on disaster management to addressing disaster itself by focusing on the underlying drivers 4 is correct. Goals of Sendai defined in terms of outcome-based targets focusing on sets of activities and actions. It at the center of disaster risk reduction with emphasizing the need to strengthen the governance. Important Tips The Sendai Framework is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Build

13. #133Practice set
    With reference to 'International Customary Law', consider the following statements: 1. It is an international law derived from a general practice accepted as law based on customs. 2. These laws are not binding legal rules as they are not supported through international agreements or treaties. 3. Indian Judicial and legal system has not recognized the validity of International customary lawHow many of the above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct: International customary law refers law norms derived from a custom. It "a general practice accepted as law". Such be found in official accounts of military is also reflected in a variety of other official military manuals, national legislation and 2 is incorrect: International customary binding legal rules that have developed on global levels through continued practice. States treaties and customary international law are sources law and, as such, are binding. This is set example, in the Statute of the International Court One example of the binding nature of law is its application by national courts and 3 is incorrect: Supreme Court of India has the view that customary international law (CIL), to domestic law, is part of the Indian even if the parliament has not enacted a law for Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India it CIL which is not con

14. #134Full-length test
    Consider the following statements with regard to the Derivatives in financial markets: 1. It is a financial security which derives its price from the underlying asset. 2. Futures are an agreement between two parties for the purchase and delivery of an asset at a future date. 3. Forward contracts are traded on the stock exchange.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct. A derivative is a financial a value that is reliant upon or derived from, asset or group of assets-a benchmark. itself is a contract between two or more the derivative derives its price from fluctuations in 2 is correct. Futures contracts or futures agreement between two parties for the purchase of an asset at an agreed upon price at a Futures trade on an exchange, and the contracts Traders will use a futures contract to risk or speculate on the price of an underlying parties involved in the futures transaction are fulfill a commitment to buy or sell the underlying 3 is incorrect. A forward contract is derivative contract between two parties to sell an asset at a specified price on a future date. can be tailored to a specific commodity, delivery date. Forward contracts do not trade on exchange and are considered over the instruments

15. #135Full-length test
    With the commencement of Constitution, which among the following was/were not repealed? 1. Indian Independence Act 1947 2. Abolition of Privy Council Jurisdiction Act 1949 3. Government of India Act of 1935Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 only
    • C1 and 2 only
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 and 3 are incorrect - With the commencement Constitution, the Indian Independence Act of 1947 Government of India Act of 1935, with all or supplementing the latter Act, were 2 is correct - The Abolition of Privy Act (1949) was however continued even commencement of the Constitution

16. #136Full-length test
    With reference to the Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs), consider the following statements: 1. They are declared under The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. 2. It is notified by the State governments. 3. The ESZs can be declared only up to 10 kilometers around Protected Areas. 4. Agricultural activities are prohibited in the ESZs.How many of the above given statement are incorrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (D) All four
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 and 2 both are incorrect: Eco-Sensitive Ecologically Fragile Areas are areas within 10 kms Areas, National Parks and Wildlife are notified by Government of India Protection Act 3 is incorrect: In case of places with connectivity and ecologically crucial for landscape linkage, even area km width can also be included in the eco-sensitive 4 is incorrect: Activities Allowed in ESZs

17. #137Full-length test
    With reference to Neutrinos, consider the following statements: 1. They can be produced using artificial methods. 2. While they are positively charged in Space, they attain negative charge upon its entry into Earth's atmosphere. 3. They are hard to detect as they never interact with other particles on Earth. 4. Studying neutrinos can help in understanding the origin of the universe.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct are one of the most abundant particles in Every time atomic nuclei come together (like in or break apart (like in a nuclear reactor), they 1 is correct: It is true that Neutrinos can artificially. Neutrinos were produced by of nuclear fission by using a nuclear 2 is incorrect: Neutrinos have no charge, are neutral as their name implies. It is chargeless Space as well as on Earth's 3 is incorrect: Neutrino interacts very other matter particles (neutrino never interacts particles is not 4 is correct: Neutrinos come from the suh and other stars. Given neutrinos interact with the matter around them, they travel long This makes neutrinos an important study the origin of universe

18. #138Full-length test
    With reference to Commission for Air Quality Management, consider the following statements: 1. It is a statutory body. 2. It has the power to pass a sentence of imprisonment to farmers who indulge in stubble burning. 3. All appeals against the Commission's orders will be heard by the National Green Tribunal (NGT).How many of the above given statements are correct? { }
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Commission for Air Quality Management has been set Air Quality Management in the National Capital Adjoining Areas for better coordination, and resolution of problems surrounding quality index and for matters connected to air l is correct: Commission for Air is a statutory body and it was established Commission for Air Quality Management in Region and Adjoining Areas act, 2021 { 2 is incorrect: Although the act originally imprisonment up to 5 years if anyone acts against of this commission later farmers were this provision. Hence now the Commission can environmental compensation from farmers by stubble burning. This compensation be prescribed by the central 3 is correct: The Commission for Air enjoys power to impose fines and from those who cause Given the quasi-judicial power enjoyed by all appeals against the Commission's lie with the National Green Tribunal (NGT

19. #139Full-length test
    Consider the following statements regarding the Sarda Act, 1929: 1. It declared child marriage as illegal. 2. It defines "child marriage" as a marriage to which either of the contracting parties is a child. 3. The act was applicable to the princely states as well.How many of the above given statements are cprrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAllthree
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Sarda Act (Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929) is Rai Har Bilas Sarda, who was an Indian academic, I is incorrect: Child Marriages were not The purpose was to put restraint or prevent in India. On the other hand, THE OF CHILD ACT, 2006 declares such and 2 is correct: Both, males as as females in the definition of 'child' under this Act. defines "Child" as a person who, if a male, has eighteen years of age, and if a female, has fourteen years of age. It also defines as a marriage to which either of the is a atement 3 is incorrect: Princely were the purview of the act. The act applied to only ia, which was directly ruled by the British not to Princely States (Indian Native States), which nd er their indirect Solution: Option a is the correct Vedic depiction of women not only portrays their role ly and society, but also their affinity with the ative Process. Women we

20. #140Full-length test
    With reference to the Legislative Council of States, consider the following statements: 1. The maximum strength of the legislative council of a state is fixed to be the half Qf the strength of the legislative assembly of that state as per the Constitution of India. 2. The Governor of the concerned state nominates one-third of the members of the legislative council. 3. Unlike elected members, the nominated members of legislative council are not eligible for re-nomination. 4. The Chairperson of legislative council resigns by writing his/her resignation letter to the Deputy Chairman of that council.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct of the States in India have bicameral legislature house called the Legislative Assembly and called the Legislative Council. At present six states have bicameral legislature and they are Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra { 1 is incorrect: As per Article 171 of the maximum strength of the council is one-third of the total strength of the assembly and. strength is fixed at 40. This is done to ensure of the directly elected House called in the legislative affairs of the 2 is incorrect: One Sixth (not 113rd) of of the legislative council are nominated from among those who have in literature, science, art, and social 3 is incorrect: Both the elected members as nominated members are eligible for re-election for any number of times. Statement 4 It is true that the Chairperson oflegislative by writing his/her resignation letter to the of that council. Both the C

21. #141Full-length test
    With reference to 'Places of Worship Act, 1991', consider the following statements: 1. The act prohibits the conversion of a place of worship of any religious denomination into a place of worship of a different religious denomination. 2. It provides for the maintenance of the religious character of any place of worship as it primarily existed at the time of its establishment. 3. The act exempts ancient and historical monuments, or an archaeological site covered under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, from its purview { }How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Exp) Option b is the correct of the Places of Worship (Special 1991 is to provide for the maintenance of the of any place of worship; to prohibit conversion place of worship; to curb communal 1 is correct: Section 3 of the Act bars in full or part, of a place of worship of denomination into a place of worship of religious denomination, or even a of the same religious 2 is incorrect: Section of the Act the religious character of a place of worship to be the same as it existed" on August 15, 3 is correct: The provisions of the Act will to (Exemption)

22. #142Full-length test
    With referenceto the Government Contracts in India, consider the following statements: 1. All contracts made under the Executive power of the Union shall be executed on behalf of the Prime Minister of India. 2. Government contracts in India can either be in written or oral form for purpose of their legal enforcement. 3. Provisions of The Indian Contract Act, 1872 does not apply to the government contracts in India.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect: As per Article 299, all the are made under the Executive power of the be made in the name of the President (not If a contract is not made under the such a contract will not be considered as a 2 is incorrect: Article 299 of Constitution of the requirement of the formulation of contract. should be a written contract (oral contract is on the government or on the private party 3 is incorrect: A Government contract is as an ordinary contract but under this contract the parties is the Central or the State Government addition to the requirements of the Indian Contract the provisions of Article 299 of the Indian have to be followed otherwise the contract will not be one. So, the provisions of the Indian Contracts also apply to the government contracts also but provisions of Constitution of India

23. #143Full-length test
    Which of the following statements is correct with reference to Montreal protocol?
    • AThe list of controlled substances under the protocol only includes the ozone depleting substances
    • BA Multilateral Fund is established under the protocol to provide financial and technical assistance to developing country parties to the Montreal Protocol
    • CThere are strict punitive measures for countries on non-compliance
    • DThe phase out schedule of ozone depleting substances for both developed and developing countries are same
    Answer: (B) A Multilateral Fund is established under the protocol to provide financial and technical assistance to developing country parties to the Montreal Protocol
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. The Montreal Protocol is one of the most successful and effective environmental treaties ever negotiated and implemented. It is ratified or accepted by all 197 UN member states, a world first for any treaty and highlighting the stron global commitment to this treaty. Phasing out ozone depleting substances has also benefited the environment more broadly, as many ozone-depleting substances also have high global warming potential. Many factors have led to its success along with the unprecedented level of cooperation being one. Option a is incorrect: In the Montreal Protocol, under the Kigali amendment another group of substances, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) was added to the list of controlled substances. Hydro Floro Carbon is a non-ozone depleting substance. Option b is correct: The Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol was established

24. #144Full-length test
    The constitution is a political framework based on which political principles or laws of a country are formulated. In this context which of the statements given below is closest to the true meaning of the Constitutional form of government?
    • AIt is a representative government with federal structure
    • BIt is a system in which the government of a country is elected by the people
    • CIt is a government limited by the terms of the Constitution
    • DIt is a government having a written constitution
    Answer: (C) It is a government limited by the terms of the Constitution
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct a is correct: An arm's length transaction refers business deal in which buyers and sellers act one party influencing the other. Arm's assert that both parties act in their own self interest and are not subject to pressure from the other also assure others that there is no collusion buyer and seller. In the interest of fairness, both have equal access to information related to the b is correct: It is true that the Arm's and Arm's length price is used as one of means to curb the practise of tax evasion companies also called as the practise of and Profit Sharing. MNCs shift their profit one country to other countries (usually tax reduce their tax liability. Arm's length transaction price in the uncontrolled manner (based interest of seller and buyer) aims to curb the tax of c is incorrect: The Income Tax Act, 1961 length price as "a price to be applied in a persons i

25. #145Full-length test
    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Charter Act of 1813? { }
    • AIt made the East India Company.a,; purely administrative ended the commercial functions. of the Company
    • Bflrst tfme, Jyst,em of open 'fo'r selectidh of civilservahts ih India
    • CIt specified, for time, that the members of paid out of the Indian'revenues
    • DIt authorised the Local Governin.ent in India to impose taxes on persons
    Answer: (D) It authorised the Local Governin.ent in India to impose taxes on persons
    Explanation

    Option d is the co Hect a is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1833 act of 1813) ended the activities of the East as a commercial body. After the enactment Charter act of 1833, the company became a body. The Charter Act of 1813 ended monopoly of the company in India (the Indian thrown open to all British merchants) 1 1 i Statement bis incorrect: The Charter Act of '1833 introduce a system of open competition for selection servants in India, but this provision was from the Court of Directors. Finally, the 1853 introduced the system of open competition Act of 1813 did not introduce a system of in c is incorrect: It is the Regulating Act. of Charter Act of 1813) which specified that members Board of Control and their staff will be paid out of d is correct: It is true that the Charter Act empowered the Local Governments to impose persons. Further the act empowered local punish the persons for no

26. #146Full-length test
    Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the impact of American Civil of on India?
    • AIt led to the establishment of Imperial Legislative Council and Provincial Legislative Councils
    • BBritish Government strengthened police administration in India through a system of civil constabulary
    • CFor a brief time period, it led to increase in cotton cultivation in India
    • DIt paved the way for financial decentralization and establishment of local bodies in India
    Answer: (B) British Government strengthened police administration in India through a system of civil constabulary
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Lucknow Pact was signed between the Indian and the All India Muslim League in in Lucknow. The pact was signed at the annual by both the parties to put forth the common It included following key demands

27. #147Full-length test
    Which of the following best defines the term 'democratic government'?
    • AThe government formed through direct elections
    • BThe government where the head of state is elected by the people
    • CThe government which explains its actions and defend its decisions to the people
    • DThe government governing the citizens through a written constitution
    Answer: (C) The government which explains its actions and defend its decisions to the people
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer { 1 is correct: As prescribed in Drugs Act 1940 and Rules 1945 made of the legal provisions pertaining to and issuance of drug license of Ayurveda, and Homoeopathic drugs, is vested with the Controllers/ State Licensing Authorities appointed concerned State/ Union Territory Government. in the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 provides guidelines for issue of license to Siddha, Unani 2 is correct: The Traditional Knowledge (TKDL) is an Indian digital knowledge traditional knowledge, especially about medicinal formulations used in Indian systems of medicine. Set 2001, as a collaboration between the Council of Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Ministry of Family Welfare the objective of the library is to ancient and traditional knowledge of the country through biopiracy and unethical patents, it electronically and classifying it as patent classification 3 is co

28. #148Full-length test
    Which of the following best describes the term "Forever chemicals"?
    • AThe Chemicals that help to reduce the negative impacts of climate change
    • BThe Chemicals that persist in the environment for a longer time periods { }
    • CThe Chemicals which can be used as sustainable alternatives to the Chlorofluorocarbons
    • DThe Chemicals that can react with plant tissues and change their characteristics permanently
    Answer: (B) The Chemicals that persist in the environment for a longer time periods { }
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct bis correct: According to a recent study, found that rainwater from many places across the contaminated with Per and Polyfluoroalkyl they are called Forever chemicals because of to stick around in the atmosphere, soil for long periods of time. PFAs are also listed in Convention

29. #149Full-length test
    "This emerging technology is a network of always-on virtual environments in which many people can interact with one another and with digital objects through virtual representations of themselves. Many tech companies are aiming to introduce many online activities, including work, play, studying and shopping?' Which one of the following technologies is most appropriately described in the above given paragraphs?
    • ANon-Fungible Tokens
    • BSnowflake
    • CExascale Computing
    • DMetaverse
    Answer: (D) Metaverse
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct "metaverse" is a network of always-on in which many people can interact with and digital objects through virtual are 3 key aspects of the metaverse: and standardization

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