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Space & Defence Technology — UPSC Prelims Science & Environment previous year questions

59 solved previous year questions on Space & Defence Technology, papers from 2002 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CSE Prelims 2002
   lln the context of organic evolution, the loss of limbs in snakes is explained by the phenomenon of
   • AUse and disuse of organs
   • BAdaptation to living in burrows
   • CNatural selection
   • DInheritance of acquired characters
   Answer: (A) Use and disuse of organs
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct loss of limbs in snakes is thought to have the use and disuse of organs. Snakes that lived or other cramped spaces did not need their much as snakes that lived on the surface. Over time, of these snakes became smaller and weaker, disappeared altogether. This process is known use and disuse of organs, and it is one of the evolution

2. #2UPPCS 2013
   Satellite is kept moving in its orbit around the Earth; it is due to
   • ACentrifugal force
   • BCentripetal force
   • CGravitational force or lack of it
   • DSome other forces
   Answer: (B) Centripetal force
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct satellite is kept moving in its orbit around the to the centripetal force provided by the of the Earth on the satellite. The satellite with a certain velocity, which is sufficient the gravitational pull of the Earth and keep it centripetal force acting on the satellite gravitational force acting on it due to Earth. But force always tries to pull the satellite so the satellite continuously changes its changing its speed to revolve in a circular orbit force can balance the gravitational force

3. #3UPPCS 2010
   If an apple is released from an orbiting spaceship, it will
   • AFall towards the Earth
   • BMove at a lower speed
   • CMove along with the spaceship at the same speed
   • DMove at a higher speed
   Answer: (C) Move along with the spaceship at the same speed
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct to Newton's first law of motion, an object in its state of rest or uniform motion in a unless acted upon by an external force. In space, no air resistance or gravity to change the motion of Therefore, if an apple is released from an it will have the same velocity and direction spaceship and will continue to move along with it in orbit around the Earth

4. #4UPPCS 2007
   Astronauts in space cannot stand erect. This is because, in space
   • AThere is no gravity
   • BViscous forces of the atmosphere are very strong
   • CSolar wind exerts an upward force
   • DAtmospheric pressure is very low
   Answer: (A) There is no gravity
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct space, astronauts float because there is no acting on them. Gravity is what keeps us on the gives us a sense of up and down. Without cannot stand erect or walk normally. They use handrails or straps to move around and stay in place

5. #5UPPCS 2005
   An astronaut sees the colour of the sky as
   • ABlue
   • BWhite
   • CBlack
   • DRed
   Answer: (C) Black
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct astronaut sees the color of the sky as black. This in outer space, there is no atmosphere to or create the blue appearance of the sky that on Earth. Instead, the sky appears completely black, astronaut sees the vast expanse of space filled with celestial objects. The absence of an atmosphere is no scattering of light, resulting in darkness in space

6. #6UPSC CSE Prelims 2023
   Consider the following statements 1. Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their fights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of fight. 2. Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while is a solid fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct l is incorrect: Cruise missiles are subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while are rocket-powered only in the initial of flight, after which they follow an arcing the target. Statement 2 is incorrect: Agni-Vis a ballistic missile (also designated as PJ-10) is a supersonic cruise missile that can be launched ships, airplanes or land. The is fastest supersonic cruise missile in the world

7. #7UPSC CSE Prelims 2022
   With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements: 1. Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data. 2. In Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks. 1 3. Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation.Which of the statements given above are correct? space to counter the asteroid approaching the Earth and explode it in space. making several orbital motions. the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth. the same speed and places a probe on its surface. Consider the following statements
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C1 and 3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct 3.0 is an idea for a new iteration of the World that incorporates concepts such as technologies, and token-based 1 is correct: Web 3.0 technology enables control their own data and protect their privacy and malicious use. Users can decide how is stored, shared, and monetized, without relying intermediaries or platforms that may misuse their data without their 2 is correct: In Web 3.0 world, there can social networks that reward content creation and distribution, and allow interact with each other without the need for a Users can participate in social media are built on blockchain technologies, which transactions, smart contracts, and 3 is correct: Web 3.0 is operated by rather than a corporation, which reduces of failures, outages, censorship, and can contribute to the development and maintenance web infrastructure and applications, without a centralized entity or

8. #8UPSC CSE Prelims 2019
   For the measurement/estimation of which of the following are satellite images/remote sensing data used? l. Chlorophyll content in the vegetation of a specific location 2. Greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies of a specific location 3. Land surface temperatures of a specific locationSelect the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct remote sensing is invaluable for and resource management: Chlorophyll Content Estimation: Satellite imagery and sensing enable the measurement of chlorophyll content in vegetation at specific locations. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis and affects how plants reflect green and near-infrared light. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from satellite data, quantifies vegetation health by analyzing these reflectance patterns. This information aids in monitoring agriculture, assessing environmental well being, and studying ecosystems. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment: Satellites play a crucial role in estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including those from rice paddies in specific areas. They measure tropospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) by analyzing reflected sunlight in specific wavelength ba

9. #9UPSC CSE Prelims 2018
   In which of the following areas can GPS technology be used? 1. Mobile phone operations 2. Banking operations 3. Controlling the power gridsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
   • A1 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C1 and 3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
   Explanation

   Statement 1 is correct: PSLV s (Polar Satellite Option d is the correct answer. Vehicles) are primarily used for launching satellites dedicated to Earth resources monitoring, remote technology can be used in all the above mentioned areas: and scientific research missions. On the other hand, GSLVs Mobile Phone Operations: GPS is widely used in (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicles) are designed mobile phones for location-based services, navigation, to launch heavier payloads, mainly communication and mapping. It allows users to determine their precise satellites, into geosynchronous orbits for purposes like location, find directions, and access location-specific telecommunication and broadcasting services. information. Statement 2 is incorrect: Satellites launched by PSLV (Polar Banking Operations: GPS technology in banking Satellite Launch Vehicle) are typically placed in polar orbit

10. #10UPSC CSE Prelims 2018
    With reference to India's satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements: 1. PSLV s launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLV s are designed mainly to launch communication satellites. 2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth. 3. GSLV Mk is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 2 only
    • D3 only
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the Option a is the correct answer. and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines. Important Tips PSLV launch vehicle has 4 Stages: - First stage (SOLID) PSI It uses an engine with Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as fuel and has 6 strap-ons as boosters. Second stage (LIQUID) PS2 It uses Vikas engine with Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as fuel and Dinitrogen tetroxide as oxidiser. Third Stage (SOLID) PS3 It provides upper stage high thrust after atmospheric phase with Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as fuel Fourth Stage (LIQUID) PS4 The uppermost stage uses Monomethyl Hydrazine (MMH) as the fuel and mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON) as oxidiser. To provide additional boost during the first stage, in PSLV-G and PSLV-XL six solid strap-on motors are used. PSLV-core alone (PSLV-CA) version does not use any strap-on motor.

11. #11UPSC CSE Prelims 2018
    What is 'Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAA sometimes seen in the news?
    • AAn Israeli radar system
    • BIndia's indigenous anti-missile programme
    • CAn American anti-missile system
    • DA defence collaboration between Japan and South Korea
    Answer: (C) An American anti-missile system
    Explanation

    All solar panels manufactured in India involve 0 ption c is the correct answer. processes, with all the materials sourced from other countries. India has not yet established semiconductor clusters, but High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) is an has intentions to invest million in establishing anti-ballistic missile system designed to shoot inaugural facility for producing solar silicon cells. short, m.edium, and intermediate-range ballisti.c cells will be used to support the construction of the in their terminal phase (descent or reentry) by largest solar power with a hit-to-kill approach. THAAD after the experience of Iraq's Scud missile attacks Statement 2 is incorrect- The solar power tariffs the Gulf War in 1991. The THAAD interceptor India are determined by the State Electricity no warhead, instead relying on its kinetic energy of Commissions (SERCs). The SECI is a central to destroy

12. #12UPSC CSE Prelims 2016
    Which one of the following is the best description of 'INS Astradharini', that was in the news recently?
    • AAmphibious warfare ship
    • BNuclear-powered submarine
    • CTorpedo launch and recovery vessel
    • DNuclear-powered aircraft carrier
    Answer: (C) Torpedo launch and recovery vessel
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Astradharini is an indigenously designed and launch and recovery vessel (TLRV) built Shipyard for the Indian Navy. It was service on 6 October 2015 at the Naval Base INS Astradharini is a catamaran vessel with a length of 50 meters and a 500 tonnes. It is powered by two diesel engines and maximum speed of 15 knots. The vessel is equipped variety of systems for launching, recovering, and including a torpedo launch and recovery torpedo testing range, and a torpedo workshop

13. #13UPSC CSE Prelims 2015
    In which of the following activities are Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites used? 1. Assessment of crop productivity. 2. Locating groundwater resources. 3. Mineral exploration. 4. Telecommunications. 5. Traffic studiesSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B4 and 5 only
    • C1 and 2 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
    Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites are used in activities: Assessment of crop productivity: IRS satellites provide valuable data for monitoring agricultural activities, assessing crop health, and predicting crop yields. This information is crucial for agricultural planning and management. Locating groundwater resources: IRS satellites help in mapping and monitoring groundwater resources by analyzing changes in land surface and vegetation patterns, which can indicate the presence of underground water sources. Mineral exploration: IRS satellites are utilized in mineral exploration by detecting mineral deposits through remote sensing techniques. They can identify geological features and anomalies associated with potential mineral resources. Important Tips Types of Satellites Launched by ISRO: Communication Satellites: INSAT system: Asia-Pacific's largest domestic commun

14. #14UPSC CSE Prelims 2012
    Which of the following is/are dted by the scientists as evidence/evidences for the continued expansion of the universe? 1. Detection of microwaves in space. 2. Observation of redshift phenomenon in space. 3. Movement of asteroids in space. 4. Occurrence of supernova explosions in space.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • DNone of the above can be cited as evidence
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct detection of microwaves in space and the redshift phenomenon in space are the two evidence for the continued expansion of Microwaves in space: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a faint glow of light that is present throughout the universe. It is thought to be the remnant radiation from the Big Bang, the event that is believed to have created the universe. The CMB is very uniform in temperature, but there are small variations in temperature that are caused by the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect is a phenomenon in which the frequency of a wave changes as the source of the wave moves towards or away from the observer. The CMB shows a redshift, which means that the universe is expanding. Redshift phenomenon: Redshift is a phenomenon in which the wavelength of light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. This is caused by the Doppler effect, as the g

15. #15UPSC CSE Prelims 2011
    The satellite used for telecommunication relay are kept in a geostationary orbit. A satellite is said to be in such an orbit when: 1. The orbit is geosynchronous. 2. The orbit is circular. 3. The orbit lies in the plane of the Earth's equator. 4. The orbit is at an altitude of 22,236 km.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1, 2 and 3
    • B1, 3 and 4
    • C2 and 4
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct: A geostationary orbit is a type orbit. Geosynchronous means that the orbital period matches the Earth's rotation it appears stationary relative to the Earth's 2 is correct: A geostationary orbit is to ensure the satellite's altitude remains the Earth's surface. A circular orbit in distance from the satellite to the Earth, to maintain its fixed position relative to a specific point Earth's 3 is correct: Geostationary satellites orbit Earth's equator, and their orbital plane is aligned Earth's equatorial plane. This alignment allows them fixed relative to a specific point on the Earth's 4 is incorrect: Geostationary satellites positioned at an altitude of approximately (about 22,236 miles) above the Earth's equator

16. #16UPSC CSE Prelims 2011
    An artificial satellite orbiting around the Earth does not fall down. This is so because the attraction of Earth
    • Adoes not exist at such distance
    • Bis neutralized by the attraction of the moon
    • Cprovides the necessary speed for its steady motion
    • Dprovides the necessary acceleration for its motion
    Answer: (D) provides the necessary acceleration for its motion
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct don't fall from the sky because they are Even when satellites are thousands of miles gravity still attracts them, which provides accelaration for satellite's motion. with the satellite's momentum from its launch - cause the satellite go into orbit above Earth, falling back down to the ground

17. #17UPSC CSE Prelims 2009
    to which one of the following?
    • ABiotechnology
    • BSpace technology
    • CMissile technology
    • DCommunication technology
    Answer: (D) Communication technology
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct is related to communication technology. for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave is a wireless communications standard designed metropolitan area networks (MANs). It is the IEEE 802.16 set of standards, which provide (PHY) and media access control (MAC) can provide high-speed internet access in rural areas where traditional wired broadband is

18. #18UPSC CSE Prelims 2008
    From which one of the following did India buy the Barak anti-missile defense systems?
    • AIsrael
    • BFrance
    • CRussia
    • DUSA
    Answer: (A) Israel
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Barak anti-missile defense system is developed Aerospace Industries (IAI). It is a system that is designed to defend against a airborne threats, including aircraft, helicopters, and anti-ship missiles. India has purchased anti-missile defense system from Israel on a occasions. In 2006, India signed a 1.1 billion purchase the Barak 8 system from Israel. In 2017, an order for four ships equipped with the Barak

19. #19UPSC CSE Prelims 2007
    What is the Galileo Project which has been in the news recently?
    • AAn inter-country programme of missile shield developed by the United States of America
    • BA project developed by India with assistance from Canada
    • CAn environmental protection project being developed by Japan
    • DA multi-satellite navigation project being developed by the European Union
    Answer: (D) A multi-satellite navigation project being developed by the European Union
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Galileo Project is a multi-satellite navigation by the European Union. This global system (GNSS) was established to provide high-precision positioning system for aims to reduce Europe's reliance on other like the US GPS or the Russian, be disabled or degraded by their operators. The a constellation of satellites that offer free and positioning services while providing a fully service for government-authorized system is designed to provide horizontal and measurements with high accuracy and also global search and rescue function. As of May 2023, 23 launched satellites that operate in the constellation

20. #20UPSC CSE Prelims 2007
    Consider the following statements: 1. In November 2006, DRDO successfully conducted the interception test using a Prithvi-II missile. 2. Prithvi-II is a surface-to-surface missile and can be deployed to guard the metros against air attacks.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct- In November 2006, the and Development Organisation conducted the interception test using a missile. The Prithvi-II is a surface-to-surface missile range of 350 2 is incorrect- The Prithvi-II is a missile, and it is not designed to defend against There are other Indian missile systems, such as and Trishul missiles, which are designed to air attacks

21. #21UPSC CSE Prelims 2005
    Consider the following statements: 1. A geostationary satellite is at an approximate height of 10,000 km. 2. FM transmission of music is of very good quality because the atmospheric or man-made noises which are generally frequency variations can do little harm.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2 T
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: Geostationary satellites positioned at a much higher altitude, kilometers (22,236 miles) above the Earth's this specific altitude, they orbit the Earth at the speed as the Earth, which allows them to relative to a fixed point on the Earth's 2 correct: FM (Frequency Modulation) is known for its high-quality audio reason for this is that FM is less susceptible to such as those caused by atmospheric or manmade noise, compared to AM (Amplitude Modulation) resistance to amplitude variations results in a more noise-resistant signal, making it suitable for high fidelity music transmission

22. #22UPSC CSE Prelims 2003
    In the context of Indian defense, which one of following statements is not correct?
    • AWith the induction of Prithvi-II, the IAF is the only Air Force in the world with surface-to-surface ballistic missiles under its command
    • BSukhoi-30 MKI jet fighters can launch Air-to-Air and Air-to-Surface precision missiles
    • CTrishul is a supersonic Surface to Air missile with a range of 30 Km
    • DThe indigenously built INS Prabal can launch Surface to Surface missiles
    Answer: (C) Trishul is a supersonic Surface to Air missile with a range of 30 Km
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct is a surface-to-air missile designed for short range, all-weather use. It was created under the Missile Development Program by the and Development Organization. Additionally, function as an anti-sea skimmer when fired from a intercept low-flying incoming missiles. Trishul boasts range, supersonic flight capabilities, and to carry a 15-kilogram payload

23. #23UPPCS 2018
    Supersonic Cruise Missile Brahmos is joint venture of which of the following?
    • AIndia and Russia
    • BIndia and China
    • CIndia and Israel
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (A) India and Russia
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct missile is a joint venture between Research and Development and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya (NPOM). a supersonic cruise missile with a range of over 290 missile can be launched from land, sea, or air. Important Tips The missile is derived from the Russian P-800 Oniks cruise missile, and India joined the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in 2016. In November 2020, India conducted a test of the land-attack variant of the Brahmos missile from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This missile system based on the "Fire and Forget" principle

24. #24UPPCS 2017
    An artificial satellite can be tracked very precisely from the earth by using
    • ADoppler effect
    • BRadar
    • CSonar
    • DPulsar
    Answer: (A) Doppler effect
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct artificial satellite can be tracked very precisely using the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect is in the frequency or wavelength of a wave in an observer who is moving relative to the source of If a satellite is moving towards the observer, the ligh waves from the satellite will be compressed, resulting in frequency. If the satellite is moving away from the light waves will be stretched out, resulting lower frequency. By measuring the Doppler shift of waves from a satellite, scientists can determine velocity and position. This information is used satellites and to predict their orbits

25. #25UPPCS 2009
    Scientists of Britain have built the 'Gravity Tractor'. Identify the same from the following
    • AA double storey 'Jugaad' type tractor trolley to be used in public transport
    • BA tractor with a mechanism to sweep public roads and is economical to run
    • CA bullet train runs on the principle of earth's 'gravity' with the help of powerful magnets
    • DA spacecraft with a mechanism which would check asteroids from hitting the earth
    Answer: (D) A spacecraft with a mechanism which would check asteroids from hitting the earth
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct gravity tractor is a theoretical spacecraft designed potentially hazardous asteroids away from physically touching them. It uses its to transmit the necessary impulse to alter the This spacecraft can hover near the asteroid or orbit its exhaust to change the asteroid's trajectory. tractor's advantages include not needing of the asteroid's composition and allowing of its orbit

26. #26Previous year
    Consider the following statements: [. (Pre) 2003) Assertion (A): A space shuttle loses radio contact with ground station for a while during landing on the earth. Reason As a space shuttle enters earth's atmosphere, the shuttle's surface temperature increases which ionize the surrounding air. In the context of the above statements, which of the following is correct?
    • ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    • BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
    • D(A) is false, but (R) is true
    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct (A) is true: It is a well-documented during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, can experience a period of radio blackout or loss contact with ground stations due to the intense during (R) is true: When a space shuttle re-enters atmosphere, it encounters tremendous friction of air molecules. This leads to a rapid surface temperature, often reaching thousands of The high temperatures can indeed ionize or charged particles in the surrounding air, disrupt radio is the correct explanation of (A): As the space the Earth's atmosphere and experiences it causes ionization of the air around it. can lead to the absorption or scattering of causing a temporary radio blackout or loss of with ground stations

27. #27UPPCS 2003
    The National Science Day is observed on February 28 every year to commemorate
    • ARaman-effect day
    • BThe launch of the first artificial satellite Aryabhatta
    • CThe successful launch of ASLV
    • DHomi J. Bhabha's birthday
    Answer: (A) Raman-effect day
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Science Day is observed on February 28 to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Indian physicist Sir C. V. Raman on February 28, Science Day is an opportunity to celebrate of Indian scientists and to promote the importance of science and technology. It is also a encourage young people to pursue careers in science Raman effect is a phenomenon in which the light is changed when it is scattered by molecules. in wavelength is known as the Raman shift. shift is unique to each molecule, and it can to identify and characterize molecules. The has a wide range of applications in chemistry, materials science. It is used to study the composition of materials, to identify and and to develop new materials. Important Tips Raman Spectroscopy: Raman Spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis technique used to gather detailed information about a material's chemical phase

28. #28UPSC CDS 2015
    The mandate of the scheme entitled 'Directly Observed Treatment, Short- Course (DOTS)' launched by WHO is to ensure that
    • Adoctors treat patients with medicine for a short duration
    • Bdoctors do not start treatment without a trial
    • Cpatients complete their course of drug
    • Dpatients voluntarily take vaccines
    Answer: (C) patients complete their course of drug
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct mandate of the scheme entitled 'Directly Short-Course (DOTS)' launched by WHO is that patients complete their course of drug. Important Tips The DOTS strategy is used to reduce the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases. In DOTS, healthcare workers observe patients as they take their medicine. Left alone, many people with tuberculosis fail to take all their medication and contribute to the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis

29. #29State PCS 2018
    India's first Beyond-Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile indigenously designed developed by Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO) is
    • APrithvi
    • BAgni
    • CAstra
    • DAkash
    Answer: (C) Astra
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct is an all-weather beyond-visual-range missile developed by the Defence Research Organisation (DRDO). It is the BVR missile to be developed by India, and comparable to other BVR missiles such as the AMRAAM and the Russian R-77 Vympel. a range of 110 km and can be launched from fighter as the Sukhoi and the Dassault It is equipped with a radar seeker that can track enemy aircraft in all weather conditions

30. #30State PCS 2008
    In the context of space technology, what is 'BHUVAN', which is recently in the news?
    • AThe name of the space vehicle proposed to be sent to the moon to probe possible human habitation there
    • BA satellite launched by ISRO for promoting distant education in India
    • CA space telescope developed by India
    • DA geoportal of ISRO with 3-D imaging capabilities
    Answer: (D) A geoportal of ISRO with 3-D imaging capabilities
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct is an Indian web-based utility developed Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) imaging capabilities. Launched in 2009, detailed imagery of Indian locations with as fine as l meter, covering 177 cities datasets. Bhuvan provides thematic to disasters, agriculture, water resources, land processed satellite data. It collaborates with 0 departments, enabling usage

31. #31State PCS 2021
    and - two new mission announced by NASA, are related to
    • AMoon
    • BVenus
    • CMars
    • DJupiter
    Answer: (B) Venus
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct and missions announced are related to Venus (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble Gases, Chemistry, and Imaging): This mission is set to launch in 2029 and aims to study Venus's atmosphere in detail. will involve dropping a probe into the thick Venusian atmosphere to analyze its composition, chemistry, and noble gases. It will also search for oxygen, providing insights into Venus's atmospheric history. (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, Topography, and Spectroscopy): is another mission to Venus that will focus on mapping the planet's surface with high-resolution data. It will use various instruments, including radar, near-infrared spectroscopy, and topography mapping, to understand Venus's geology, tectonic activity, impact history, and volcanic processes

32. #32Practice set
    Which of the following statements best defines the 'Escape Velocity?
    • AThe minimum velocity required for a planet to enter the orbit of Sun
    • BThe minimum velocity required for an object to leave the gravitational influence of a planet
    • CThe maximum velocity required for an object to escape the Planet magnetic field
    • DThe maximum velocity required for a satellite to enter the orbit of the Planet
    Answer: (B) The minimum velocity required for an object to leave the gravitational influence of a planet
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct velocity is the minimum speed required for to escape the gravitational pull of a planet or body and enter into space. At this speed, the continue to move away from the planet there is no other force acting on it. It is space exploration and satellite spacecraft leaving the surface of Earth, for example,. be going about 11 kilometers (7 miles) per second, or kilometers per hour (Approx 25,000 miles per enter orbit. Important Tips The escape velocity of a planet or other celestial body depends on its mass and radius. It is given by the formula: v where v is the escape velocity, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the planet, and r is the distance from the centre of the planet to the Sofqtjon: Option a is the correct answer. Reverberation is the persistence of sound waves in space after the original sound source has sound waves hit a surface, they can b

33. #33Practice set
    Which of the following statements best describes the reason why satellites are usually launched from the eastern coast of a country?
    • ATo minimise the impact of pollution caused by rocket propulsion
    • BThe area near eastern coast is less affected by the stratospheric winds
    • CIt provides an initial boost to rockets due to rotational velocity of the Earth
    • DDue to less density of population in the Eastern coasts of a country
    Answer: (C) It provides an initial boost to rockets due to rotational velocity of the Earth
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct the Earth.rotates from west to east, launching a the east coast gives an additional boost to the to the rotational speed of Earth. This initial boost reducing cost of rockets to launch reason is that if something goes wrong during the will fall into an ocean instead of a area. Additio most launch sites are the equator because rockets launched from these an additional natural that helps save on fuel a is incorrect: Launching of rockets from the has nothing to do with the impact of pollution the rocket ignition and propulsion. Pollution b is incorrect: The stratospheric winds blow kilometres above the surface of the Earth. They over a latitude. Hence, they do not favour the launching from the Eastern d is incorrect: Eastern coasts all over the world necessarily have less population. For example, of the China is densely populated. Hence, it is not the possible reason

34. #34Practice set
    A joint international collaboration led by NASA launched the James Webb Space Telescope, which is the world's largest, most powerful, and most complex space science telescope ever built. Since its launch it has amazed the astronomy community with its observations and space images. In this context, which of the following are the observations made by the James Webb Space Telescope? l. It has observed the Pillars of Creation, where new stars are forming within dense clouds of gas and dust. 2. It spotted a set of concentric rings around a giant, distant star WR140. 3. It observed colourful auroras and massive storms on the planet Jupiter. 4. It captured an image of Einstein Ring in space.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1, 3 and 4 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1, 2 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct James Webb Space Telescope is the world's largest, and most complex space science telescope Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, to distant worlds around other stars, and mysterious structures and origins of our universe place in it. Webb is an international program led with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) Canadian Space Agency. It made several in the recent 1 is correct: It has captured a lush, highly - the iconic Pillars of Creation - where new forming within dense clouds of gas and dust. The three dimensional pillars look like majestic rock formations, far more permeable. These columns are made up interstellar gas and that appear - at times - semitransparent in near-infrared 2 is correct: The James Webb Space Telescope set of concentric angular rings around a giant, distant A new study shows that, the first visible starlight pushing dust aro

35. #35Practice set
    With reference to the New Space India Ltd (NSIL), consider the following statements: 1. It was incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 as a wholly owned Government of India company. 2. Its primary responsibility includes enabling Indian industries to take up high technology space related activities. 3. It does not undertake any satellite or launch vehicle building activities.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. New Space India' Limited on 6 March 2019 (under the Companies is a wholly owned Government of India the administrative control of Department of 2 is correct. NSIL is the commercial arm Space Research Organisation (ISRO) with the of enabling Indian industries to take up space related activities. It is also responsible and commercial exploitation of the products emanating from the Indian space 3 is incorrect. Building of Satellites and Earth Observation) as per is also a mandate of NSIL. Important Tips The major business areas of NSIL include: Production of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) through industry; Production and marketing of space-based services, including launch services and space-based applications like transponder leasing, remote sensing and mission support services; Transfer of technology dev

36. #36Practice set
    Consider thefollowing statements regarding the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe): 1. It will regulate the usage of ISRO facilities by the private sector. 2. It has been created under the direct control of the Prime Minister's Office (PMO).Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. The Union Government has Indian National Space Promotion and (IN-SPACe) to provide a level playing field for to use Indian space will hand-hold, promote and guide the in space activities through encouraging a friendly regulatory environment. It is set up to not oversee the space activity of the private sector, but also and share ISRO facilities. It acts as a single agency for enabling and regulating space activities of ISRO facilities by private entities. The decision body is binding on ISRO as 2 is incorrect. It has been created under of Space and it functions autonomously (not under Prime Minister's Office)

37. #37Practice set
    Consider the following statements, with reference to different Earth orbits and its features: 1. Polar orbiting satellite senses only the polar regions of Earth. 2. Geostationary satellite captures the same view of Earth with each observation. 3. Low Earth Orbit satellite always orbits along Earth's equator.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. Polar orbiting satellites are orbital plane that is inclined at nearly 90 degrees to plane. This inclination allows the satellite to entire globe, including the Polar Regions, of locations that are difficult to reach via Many polar-orbiting satellites are considered meaning that the satellite passes over location at the same solar time each cycle. satellites used for remoted sensing and System (GIS) work are polar 2 is correct. Geostationary orbit 36,000 km over the equator. follow Earth's rotation and travel at the same the rotation; because of this, the satellites appear to on Earth to be fixed in one location. These the same view of Earth with each so provide almost continuous coverage of one are used for weather forecasting, satellite TV, 3 is incorrect. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) not have to always orbit along Earth's equator. Geostationary orbit h

38. #38Practice set
    Match the following pairs of countries/ union and their Global Navigation Satellite Systems: 1. China A. Galileo 2. Russia C. QZSS 3. Japan 4. European Union D. ) Sel.ect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A
    • B1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D
    • C1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
    • D1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
    Answer: (C) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1-B is correct. or BDS, is a regional and operated by the People's Republic of is currently expanding the system to provide with 35 satellites by 2020. BDS was 2-D is correct. (Globalnaya Sistema, or Global Navigation Satellite a global GNSS owned and operated by the The fully operational system consists of 3-C is correct. QZSS is a regional GNSS owned by of Japan and operated by QZS System (QSS). QZSS complements GPS to improve coverage Asia and Oceania. Japan plans to have an of 4 satellites by 2018 and expand it to for autonomous capability by 4-A is correct. Galileo is a global GNSS owned by the European Union. The EU declared the Galileo Initial Services in 2016 and plans to complete of satellites by 2020

39. #39Practice set
    Consider the following statements, with reference to India's Shukrayaan mission: 1. The objective of the mission is to investigate the surface processes and the subsurface rock layers of planet Venus. 2. The includes collaborative contributions from other countries.Which of the statements given above are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. The scientific objectives of mission Shukrayaan are - (1) investigation of processes and shallow subsurface stratigraphy of rock layers); (2) solar wind interaction with (3) studying the structure, composition of the 2 is correct. The Indian Space (ISRO) has short-listed 20 proposals for the proposed mission. collaborative contributions from Russia, and Germany. The one already selected is instrument (Venus Infrared Atmospheric

40. #40Practice set
    With reference to the Starlink Network Project, sometimes seen in the news, which of the statements given below is/are correct? 1. It is a project by the European Space Agency to provide space-based internet services. 2. The project aims to reduce the transmission latency for faster internet services.Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. The Starlink Network Project developed by the world's leading in space technology. It aims at providing reliable space-based internet services to the 2 is correct. The project aims to reduce latency (the time lag) for faster A satellite in geostationary orbit has a latency 600 milliseconds. A satellite in the Low Earth km from the Earth's surface, can bring the to 20-30 milliseconds, roughly the time it takes systems to transfer data

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