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General & Miscellaneous — UPSC Prelims Science & Environment previous year questions

59 solved previous year questions on General & Miscellaneous, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS, UKPSC. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CSE Prelims 2014
   Among the following organisms, which one does not belong to the class of other three?
   • ACrab
   • BMite
   • CScorpion
   • DSpider
   Answer: (A) Crab
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct are a class of joint-legged invertebrates, with Scorpion and Spider are Arachnids, whereas Crab Crustacean

2. #2Previous year
   A company marketing food products advertises that its items do not contain trans fats. What does this campaign signify to the customers? 1. The food products are not made out of hydrogenated oils. 2. The food products are not made out of animal fats/ oil. 3. The oils used are not likely to damage the cardiovascular health of the consumers.Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [UPSC CSE Pre
   • A1 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C1 and 3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct I is correct: Trans fats are primarily a process called hydrogenation, where hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid at room temperature. By stating that their products contain trans fats, the company is indicating that they use hydrogenated oils in their food 2 is incorrect: Animal fats/ oil are a source trans fats, which are not considered harmful The food products may contain natural so they may be made out of animal 3 is correct: Trans fats have been linked to problems, particularly cardiovascular issues. They bad cholesterol levels (LDL cholesterol) while cholesterol levels (HDL cholesterol), which risk of heart disease. By avoiding trans fats, the suggesting that they are prioritizing the of their consumers

3. #3Previous year
   Consider the following statements: 1. Sweet orange plants are propagated by grafting techniques. 2. Jasmine plants are propagated by layering techniques.Which of the given above is/are correct? [UPSC CSE Pre 2009)
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct l is correct- Sweet orange plants are by grafting, Grafting is a vegetative that involves joining two different plant to create a new plant. The two plant parts the scion and the rootstock. The scion is the part plant that will produce the desired fruit or flowers, rootstock is the part of the plant that will provide system for the new 2 is correct- Jasmine plants are by the layering technique. Layering is propagation technique that involves stem to root while it is still attached to the parent the stem has rooted, it can be cut from the parent transplanted to its own location

4. #4Previous year
   With reference to the evolution of living organisms, which one of the following sequences is correct? [UPSC CSE Pre 2009)
   • AOctopus-Dolphin-Shark
   • BPangolin-Tortoise-Hawk
   • CSalamander-Python -Kangaroo
   • DFrog-Crab-Prawn
   Answer: (C) Salamander-Python -Kangaroo
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct correct sequence of evolution of living organisms amphibians to reptiles to are amphibians, which means they can in water and on are reptiles, which means they have scales and are mammals, which means they have fur birth to live young

5. #5Previous year
   In making the saffron spice, which one of the following parts of the plant is used? [UPSC CSE Pre 2009)
   • ALeaf
   • BPetal
   • CSepal
   • DStigma
   Answer: (D) Stigma
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Saffron is a spice made from the dried stigmas of crocus (Crocus sativus). The stigmas are the parts of the flower, and they are the only the plant that is used to make saffron. Saffron native to the Mediterranean region, but they are in many parts of the world, including Iran, and Morocco. Iran is the world's largest producer In India, Saffron is mainly found in the of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is also some other parts of India, such as Himachal Pradesh

6. #6UPSC CSE Prelims 2002
   Which of the following statement is not true
   • ABoiling point of any water solution is higher than pure water
   • BAddition of solute to a solution increases its water potential
   • CWater vapour pressure of any solution is lower than vapour pressure of pure water
   • DWhen a solution is separated with the help of semipermeable membrane then water flow can be stopped by giving pressure to the solution
   Answer: (B) Addition of solute to a solution increases its water potential
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct of solute to a solution decreases its not increases it, Water potential is the water to move from one area to another due to mechanical pressure and matrix effects. from an area of higher water potential (lower to an area of lower water potential concentration). Adding solute to a solution concentration of water molecules and hence lowers can be seen in the formula for water potential: 'I' 'l'p, where 'l's is the solute potential and 'l'p is the uml.m pressure potential. The solute potential is always inversely proportional to the solute increasing the solute concentration makes potential more negative and the water potential lower. Important Tips The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. Adding solute to water lowers its vapor pressure, which means that more heat is required to make the vapour pr

7. #7UPSC CSE Prelims 2002
   In a bisexual flower, if androecium and gynoecium mature at different times, the phenomenon is known as
   • ADichogamy
   • BHerkogamy
   • CHeterogamy
   • DMonogamy
   Answer: (A) Dichogamy
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct is a phenomenon in bisexual flowers androecium (male reproductive parts) and reproductive parts) mature at different times. happen in two ways: Protandry: The androecium matures before the gynoecium. Protogyny: The gynoecium matures before the is a type of heterogamy, which means is more likely to occur. This is pollen from the androecium is not available to stigma of the same flower when the stigma is pollen from another flower must be transferred stigma in order for fertilization to occur. Important Tips Some examples of plants that exhibit dichogamy: Protandry: Corn, rice, wheat, and many other grasses. Protogyny: Many fruits trees, such as apples, pears, and peaches

8. #8UPSC CSE Prelims 2002
   Consider the following plants: 1. Bougainvillea 2. Carnation 3. Cocoa 4. GrapesWhich of these plants are propagated by stem cuttings?
   • A1 and 2
   • B2, 3 and 4
   • C1, 2 and 4
   • D1, 2, 3 and 4 nlm T
   Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 nlm T
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct l is correct- Bougainvillea can be propagated cutting. The bougainvillaea plant is a genus of vines, bushes, and trees belonging to the family, Nyctaginaceae. Bougainvillea plants ornamental plants in most areas with warm as Florida, South Carolina, South India, across the Mediterranean 2 is correct- Carnation can be propagated by The carnation plant is a flowering plant that to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of family, which also includes other such as roses, pinks, and sweet 3 is correct- Cocoa can be propagated by Cocoa trees are grown for their beans, used to make chocolate. The plant is native to rainforests of Central and South America. It cultivated in many other parts of the world, and Asia. In India, it is grown in Andhra Tamil Nadu and 4 is correct- Grapes can be propagated by Grapes are grown for their fruit, which can be used to make wine, or

9. #9Previous year
   A sudden fall in barometer reading indicates that the weather will be: [UPSC CSE Pre 2001)
   • AStormy weather
   • BRainy weather
   • CCool dry weather
   • DHot and humid weather
   Answer: (A) Stormy weather
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct sudden fall in barometer reading typically weat.her. The barometer measures and a rapid decrease in pressure often approach of a low-pressure system associated conditions. As the pressure drops, it the air is becoming less stable, which can lead to of inclement weather, including storms, and strong winds

10. #10UPSC CSE Prelims 1998
    A ball is dropped from the top of a high building with a constant acceleration of 9.8 mis What will be its velocity after 3 seconds
    • A9.8 mis
    • B19.6 mis
    • C29.4 mis
    • D39.2 mis
    Answer: (C) 29.4 mis
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct find the velocity of the ball after 3 seconds, we can use v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, g is due to gravity, and t is the the hall is dropped from rest, the initial velocity u The acceleration to gravity g is given as 9.8 The time t is 3 Plugging these values into we the the ball after 3 seconds is

11. #11UPSC CSE Prelims 1998
    Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Phenyl is used as a household germicide. Reason Phenyl is a phenol derivative and phenol is an effective germicide. Code
    • ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    • BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
    • D(A) is false, but (R) is true
    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct (A) is true- Phenyl is a common that is used to kill germs on surfaces and It is typically sold as a liquid concentrate that with water before (R) is true, and (R) is the correct explanation Phenyl is a phenol derivative, and phenol is an Phenol is a disinfectant that kills and fungi. It is often used in hospitals and settings to disinfect surfaces and is a less concentrated form of phenol, but it is at killing germs

12. #12UPSC CSE Prelims 1996
    Which of the following would lead to malnutrition? 1. Overnutrition 2. Undernutrition 3. Imbalanced nutritionSelect the correct answer by using the codes given below
    • A2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct three conditions mentioned in the options overnutrition, undernutrition, and imbalanced nutrition can contribute to malnutrition in different ways: Overnutrition: This involves excessive intake of calories and nutrients beyond the body's requirements, leading to obesity and related health problems. While individuals may be consuming a surplus of calories, they may still be lacking essential nutrients, contributing to malnutrition. Undernutrition: This refers to insufficient intake of calories, proteins, and essential nutrients, resulting in inadequate growth, development, and overall health. Undernutrition can lead to conditions such as stunted growth, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. Imbalanced nutrition: Imbalanced nutrition occurs when there is an unequal or disproportionate intake of specific nutrients, such as excessive consumption of one nutrient whil

13. #13UPSC CSE Prelims 1996
    The offending substance in the liquor tragedies leading to blindness etc. is
    • AEthyl alcohol
    • BAmyl alcohol
    • CBenzyl alcohol
    • DMethyl alcohol
    Answer: (D) Methyl alcohol
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct offending substance in the liquor tragedies blindness etc. is Methyl alcohol. It is very may be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed. It is if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It made non-poisonous. Important Tips Ethyl alcohol is also known as ethanol or grain alcohol. It is the most common alcohol and the main ingredient in alcoholic beverages. It is produced by fermentation of sugars or starches, or by hydration of ethylene. It is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid that has a characteristic odor and taste. It is used as a solvent, fuel, antiseptic, and disinfectant. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with a benzene ring attached to a hydroxyl group. It is a colorless liquid that has a mild pleasant odor and taste. It is used as a solvent, preservative, fragrance, and flavoring agent. It is also found naturally in some plants and fruits. Amyl a

14. #14UPSC CSE Prelims 1996
    The alpha carries two positive charges. Its mass is very nearly equal to that of
    • ATwo protons
    • BNucleus of an atom of helium
    • CSum of masses of two positrons and two neutrons
    • DTwo positrons, as each positron carries a single positive charge
    Answer: (B) Nucleus of an atom of helium
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct alpha particle carries two positive charges. Its mass nearly equal to that of Nucleus of an atom of alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a which consists of two protons and two neutrons. of an alpha particle is where e is the and the mass of an alpha particle is about is the atomic mass unit Option a is incorrect: Two protons have the same charge alpha particle, but only half the c is incorrect: Sum of masses of two positrons neutrons is equal to the mass of an alpha particle, charge is d is incorrect: Two positrons have the same an alpha particle, but only a tiny fraction of the mass

15. #15UPSC CSE Prelims 1996
    When an air bubble at the bottom of lake rises to the top, it will
    • AIncreased in size
    • BDecreased in size
    • CMaintain its size
    • DFlatten into a disc like shape
    Answer: (A) Increased in size
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct an air bubble at the bottom of a lake rises to it increases in size. This happens because as the the hydrostatic pressure decreases. As the the volume of the air bubble expands due law, which states that the volume of a gas is to the pressure it is subjected to, temperature. Consequently, the air bubble grows in size as it moves upward. The bubble will continue to size until it reaches the surface of the lake, where is atmospheric pressure

16. #16UPSC CSE Prelims 1995
    Who among the following anticipated Newton by declaring that all things gravitate to the earth?
    • AAryabhatta
    • BVarahamihira
    • CBuddhagupta
    • DBrahmagupta
    Answer: (D) Brahmagupta
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct was an Indian mathematician and had written numerous important books on astronomy. He anticipated Newton by declaring things gravitate to the earth. Important Tips Some of the contributions of Brahmagupta: He defined the properties of the number zero, which was crucial for the future of mathematics and science. He discovered the formula to solve quadratic equations. He developed methods for calculating the areas and volumes of various geometric shapes, such as triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, spheres, cylinders and cones. He introduced the concepts of negative numbers and fractions and gave rules for their operations

17. #17UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
    Give a thought to these statements: Assertion (A): Temperature below c is achieved by the mixture of salt and ice. Reason Salt increases the freezing point of ice. In the context of above statements which one of the following is correct
    • A(A) and (R) both correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    • B(A) and (R) both correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
    • D(A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
    Answer: (C) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct (A) is correct- The mixture of salt and ice a temperature below (R) is wrong- Salt does not increase the of ice, it decreases it. The freezing point of ice but the freezing point of a salt-water solution is The more salt that is added to the solution, the freezing point will be. This is because the interfere with the formation of ice crystals. When added to water, the salt ions dissolve and surround molecules. This makes it more difficult for the to bond together and form ice crystals

18. #18UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
    Which type of colloidal system is expressed in the fog
    • ALiquid in a gas
    • BGas in a liquid
    • CSolid in a gas
    • DLiquid in Liquid
    Answer: (A) Liquid in a gas
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is a colloidal system in which liquid water droplets in a gaseous medium, such as air. This is as an aerosol. Aerosols are colloidal systems in substance is dispersed throughout another substance form of very small particles. The dispersed particles aerosol are typically between 1 and 1000 nanometers which is too small to be seen with the naked eye. Important Tips Type of Definition Example mixture Solution A mixture in which one Salt water, substance is dissolved in sugar water, another substance. vinegar Colloid A mixture in which one Milk, blood, ice substance is dispersed cream throughout another substance in the form of very small particles. Suspension A mixture in which one Sand water, substance is dispersed mud water, oil throughout another water substance in the form of large particles

19. #19UPPCS 2020
    Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion and other as Reason Assertion (A): Invert sugar is sweeter than sucrose. Reason Invert sugar is obtained by the hydrolysis of sucrose. Select the correct answer from the code given below
    • ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    • BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
    • D(A) is false, but (R) is true
    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct (A) is true- Invert sugar is sweeter than sugar is a mixture of glucose and fructose, which monosaccharides. Fructose is the sweetest of all it is about 1. 7 times sweeter than sucrose. Glucose is sweeter than sucrose, but not as much as (R) is true, but (R) is not the correct explanation There are two main reasons why invert sugar is sucrose: Fructose is a more potent sweetener than sucrose. Fructose binds more tightly to the sweet taste receptors on our tongue, which is why it tastes sweeter. Invert sugar is more soluble than sucrose. This means that it dissolves more easily in water, and it comes into contact with our taste buds more quickly

20. #20UPPCS 2014
    Pressure inside a soap bubble is
    • AMore than atmospheric pressure
    • BLess than atmospheric pressure
    • CEqual to atmospheric pressure
    • DHalf of atmospheric pressure
    Answer: (A) More than atmospheric pressure
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct pressure inside a soap bubble is more than This is because soap bubbles have a curved surface tension creates a pressure difference between and outside of the bubble. The pressure inside is higher because the surface tension is trying to bubble -P0 for a droplet which O r only one surface. Important Tips Pressure inside a soap bubble: The pressure difference across a soap bubble is given by the following equation: P Ir Where: P is the pressure difference in pascals (Pa) a is the surface tension of the soap solution in newtons per meter (Nim) r is the radius of the soap bubble in meters (m) As we can see, the pressure difference is directly proportional to the surface tension and inversely proportional to the radius of the bubble. This means that smaller bubbles have a higher pressure difference than larger bubbles, and bubbles made with a soap solution with a high

21. #21UPPCS 2013
    The number of images of an object placed between two parallel mirrors is
    • ATwo
    • BOne
    • CSix
    • DInfinite
    Answer: (D) Infinite
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct number of images formed when an object is two parallel mirrors is infinite. This is mirror reflects the image of the object, and reflections continue indefinitely between the The reflections are often referred to as or a "mirror tunnel:' Each reflected smaller and dimmer than the previous one, seemingly endless series of images stretching into between the two mirrors

22. #22UPPCS 2012
    In an earthen pitcher, the water remains cold due to the process of
    • ACondensation
    • BEvaporation
    • CSublimation
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (B) Evaporation
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct earthen pitcher used in summer cools the water in by evaporation of water from its porous walls of an earthen pot are porous, which leads of water and evaporates from the surface of the heat required for evaporation is taken from the the pot, thus cooling the water stored inside. Important Tips Condensation is the process by which water vapour in the air is changed into liquid water. In other words, the water in the air, a gas known as water vapour, condenses to form water droplets. Sublimation is the transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gaseous phase without changing into the liquid phase. This process is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at a temperature and pressure below the triple point of the substance

23. #23UPPCS 2009
    When soggy biscuits are kept inside the fridge for some time they become crisp because
    • ACooling releases extra moisture
    • BHumidity inside the fridge is low and extra moisture is absorbed
    • CHumidity inside the fridge is high and extra moisture is absorbed
    • DPressure inside the fridge is high and helps in releasing extra moisture
    Answer: (B) Humidity inside the fridge is low and extra moisture is absorbed
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct soggy biscuits are kept inside the fridge for they become crisp because humidity inside the low and extra moisture is absorbed. This is because contain some moisture that makes them soft When they are kept in the fridge, the low low humidity prevent the moisture from condensing on the surface of the biscuits. Instead, is absorbed by the dry air inside the fridge, biscuits crisp and crunchy

24. #24UPPCS 1997
    In cold countries, alcohol is preferred to mercury as a thermometric liquid because
    • AAlcohol has a lower freezing point
    • BAlcohol is a better conductor of heat
    • CAlcohol is cheaper than mercury
    • DThe world production of alcohol is greater than that of mercury
    Answer: (A) Alcohol has a lower freezing point
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer thermometers are preferred to in cold countries because alcohol has a freezing point of whereas mercury freezes This means that alcohol thermometers can low temperatures without freezing, while would become useless at temperatures thermometers have some advantages over such as higher accuracy, faster higher boiling point, but these are not very measuring outdoor temperatures in cold alcohol thermometers are more suitable for

25. #25UPPCS 1996
    What is the function of the thermostat of a refrigerator?
    • ATo lower the temperature
    • BTo increase the freezing point
    • CTo maintain constant temperature
    • DTo decrease the melting point
    Answer: (C) To maintain constant temperature
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct function of the thermostat of a refrigerator is constant temperature. A thermostat is a controls the cooling system of a refrigerator by on or off depending on the temperature inside the thermostat has a sensor that detects the temperature it to the desired setting. When the temperature high, the thermostat sends a signal to the start the cooling process. When the temperature is the thermostat stops the signal and turns off This way, the thermostat ensures that inside the refrigerator stays in the correct 33 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit

26. #26UPPCS 1992
    Change of water into the vapour is
    • ANatural
    • BPhysical
    • CChemical
    • DBiological
    Answer: (B) Physical
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct change of water into vapor is called a physical physical change is a change in the state or form of without changing its chemical water vaporizes, it simply changes from a liquid to state. The chemical composition of the water remains both before and after vaporization. Important Tips Ty pe of change Definition Example Ph ysical change A change in the Water state or form vaporizing, ice of a substance melting, sugar without dissolving in changing water its chemical composition. Ch emical A change in Rusting iron, ch ange the chemical food cooking, composition of a burning paper substance. Bi ological A change that Plants growing, ch ange occurs in a animals living organism. digesting food, humans getting older Na tural change A change Weathering of that occurs rocks, erosion without human of coastlines, intervention. evolution of species

27. #27UPPCS 1992
    While travelling by plane, the ink of the pen starts to come out
    • ADue to decrease in air pressure
    • BDue to increase in air pressure
    • CDue to increase in volume of ink
    • DDue to excessive load
    Answer: (A) Due to decrease in air pressure
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct traveling by plane, the ink of a pen can start to due to a decrease in air pressure. As an aircraft higher altitudes, the cabin pressure is typically to mimic conditions at lower altitudes and make comfortable. This reduction in cabin pressure the air pressure inside sealed ink-containing a pressure differential that pushes ink out pen's tip

28. #28UPSC CDS 2022
    An object weighs 9 N on the surface of the Earth. What would be its weight, when measured on the surface of a planet where T the acceleration due to gravity is 9 times that on the surface of the Earth?
    • AThe weight would remain the same
    • BThe weight would be equal to 1 N
    • CThe weight would become 9 times
    • DThe weight will be reduced to 1/9 N
    Answer: (C) The weight would become 9 times
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct know, W weight of the mass of the acceleration due to weight of an object is directly proportional to due to gravity. If the acceleration due to the surface of the new planet is 9 times that on the the Earth, then the weight of the object would also be greater on the new planet. Since the mass of the the same, the weight increases the increase in acceleration due to gravity. weight of the object on the new planet would be 9 weight on the surface of the Earth

29. #29UPSC CSE Prelims 2022
    Consider the 1. Aarogya Setu 2. 3. 22. 4.Which of the above are built on top of open source digital platforms?
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2, 3 and 4 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option is the correct answer. All of the above are built on top of open-source Aarogya Setu is built using open-source technologies as per Open-Source Policy. is built using Sunbird ED, a fully functional solution building block available as open-source software under MIT license. is built using open-source technologies as per Open-Source Policy. DIKSHA is built using Sunbird ED, a fully functional solution building block available as open-source software under MIT license. Important Tips Open-source digital platforms are platforms that allow access to their source code to any other users or developers. They are based on the principles of open exchange, collaborative participation, transparency, meritocracy, and community-oriented development. Open-source digital platforms can be used for various purposes, such as software development, cloud computing, devops, machine learning, and many

30. #30UPSC CSE Prelims 2020
    In India, the term "Public Key Infrastructure" is used in the context of
    • ADigital security infrastructure
    • BFood security infrastructure
    • CHealth care and education infrastructure
    • DTelecommunication and transportation infrastructure
    Answer: (A) Digital security infrastructure
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct term "Public Key Infrastructure" is used in the digital security infrastructure. Public Key a technology for authenticating users and devices digital world. It is the framework of encryption that protects communications between and the client. In India, the Public Key the Controller of Certifying Authorities the Certifying Authorities (CAs), with CCA being at of the trust chain in India. CCA certifies the CA and issues certificates

31. #31UPSC CSE Prelims 2017
    Consider the following in respect of Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS): 1. Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under the chairmanship of the Indian Navy. 2. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime cooperation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region.Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. Statement 1 is incorrect- The inaugural IONS was Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, in 2008, under of the United Arab Emirates 2 is correct- IONS is a voluntary initiative to increase maritime cooperation among the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region. It in 2008 and has 24 member states. The of IONS are to: Promote friendly relations and foster confidence building among the member Enhance maritime cooperation through information exchange, exercises, and other activities. Discuss and address maritime issues of common interest

32. #32UPSC CSE Prelims 2003
    Consider the following conditions of a sick human body:mi:: l. Swollen lymph nodes 2. Sweating at night 3. Loss of memory 4. Loss of weightWhich of these are symptoms of AIDS?
    • A1 and 2
    • B2, 3 and 4
    • C1, 3 and 4
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary depending on of infection. In the primary infection stage, some people may develop a flu-like illness with fever, rash, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. In the symptomatic infection stage, which may occur years after the initial infection, symptoms may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, oral yeast infection, night sweats, and skin rashes. In the final stage of AIDS, the immune system is severely damaged and opportunistic infections and cancers may develop

33. #33UPSC CSE Prelims 2001
    Who is the scientist in whose honour the "Chandra X-ray telescope" has been named?
    • AChandrashekhar Venkat Raman
    • BJagdish Chandra Bose
    • CPrafulla Chandra Roy
    • DSubramanyan Chandrashekhar
    Answer: (D) Subramanyan Chandrashekhar
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct "Chandra X-ray telescope" has been named of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. was an Indian-American astrophysicist significant contributions to our understanding evolution and black holes. He is renowned for limit, which defines the maximum which a white dwarf star can remain stable. His the foundation for our understanding of the life stars and their eventual fates, including the formation holes. Important Tips The Chandrasekhar Limit: It represents the maximum mass that a stable white dwarf star can have without undergoing further gravitational collapse. Named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, an Indian astrophysicist, it was independently discovered by E.C. Stoner and Wilhelm Anderson, but Chandrasekhar's work provided precise calculations. Initially met with skepticism, it eventually gained acceptance as it explained the fate of massive stars. When a white dwarf ex

34. #34UPSC CSE Prelims 1998
    Ergotism is due to consumption of
    • AContaminated grains
    • BRotting vegetables
    • CContaminated water
    • DSafe cooked food
    Answer: (A) Contaminated grains
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is a form of poisoning from ingesting rye, that have been infected by the fungus The fungus produces alkaloids that can affect vascular, and endocrine systems. The ergotism can be divided into two types: convulsive Convulsive symptoms include painful spasms, diarrhea, paresthesias, itching, mental as mania or psychosis, headaches, nausea and symptoms include burning pain in the and pale skin, loss of peripheral sensation and and tissue death and loss

35. #35UPPCS 2017
    Which one of the following countries joined India and USA in the Malabar naval exercise held in July 2017?
    • AJapan
    • BSouth Korea
    • CFrance
    • DPhilippines
    Answer: (A) Japan
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct joined India and the United States in the exercise held in July 2017. The Malabar naval a naval exercise held annually between India, the and Japan. It is one of the largest naval the world and is designed to improve the navies and to promote maritime security in region. The 2017 Malabar naval exercise in the Bay of Bengal and involved a variety of surface warfare exercises, exercises, and air defense exercises. The included humanitarian assistance and disaster Important Tips Details of Joint Military Exercises conducted with foreign countries in the last 3 years: D.efense India and- Exercise Forces Army Australia AUSTRA HIND Army Bangladesh Army China HAND IN HAND Army France SHAKTI Army Indonesia GARUDA SHAKTI Army Kazakhstan PRABAL DOSTYK Army Kyrgyzstan Army Maldives Army Mongolia Army Myanmar IMBEX Army Nepal SURYA KIRAN Army Oman Army Russia INDRA Army Seych

36. #36Previous year
    Which one of the following statements is true about Technology device called 'NETRA'? [. (Mains) 2009)
    • AIt is a device which permits a blind man to read
    • BIt is a device which allows the army to undertake a right reconnaissance
    • CIt is an unmanned aerial vehicle which can travel up to 300 metres high
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (C) It is an unmanned aerial vehicle which can travel up to 300 metres high
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct is an acronym for Network Engagement Tool Applications. It is a small, aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the and Development Organisation (DRDO) NETRA has a wingspan of 2 meters and a weight kg. It is powered by a battery and can fly for up to NETRA is equipped with a and a thermal imaging camera. It can be used for of missions, including reconnaissance, target acquisition. NETRA is also capable of carrying payload, such as a radio repeater or a

37. #37State PCS 2020
    Which is not a type of secondary memory?
    • ASolid State Drive
    • BHard Disk
    • CRandom Access Memory (RAM)
    • DUSB Pen Drive
    Answer: (C) Random Access Memory (RAM)
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Access Memory (RAM) is a type of not secondary memory. Primary memory is memory that is directly accessible by the secondary memory is the external memory that permanently and is not directly accessible by the is a volatile memory that stores data and the CPU needs to access quickly, but it loses its the power is turned off. Secondary memory devices and can retain data even when the power is examples of secondary memory devices are solid hard disk, and USB pen drive

38. #38UKPSC 2016
    Television transmission is an example of which of the following?
    • ASimplex communication
    • BHalf-duplex communication
    • CFull-duplex communication
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (A) Simplex communication
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct transmission is an example of which is a one-way In television broadcasting, information flows transmitter. site to multiple receivers (viewers) in only. Viewers receive the broadcast signal but send any feedback or information back to the the same channel. Important Tips Half-Duplex Communication: Half-duplex communication permits data exchange in both directions, but not simultaneously. It operates like a one-lane road traffic flow. Users must signal the end of their transmission, often by saying "over," before the other party can respond. Walkie-talkies are a classic example of half-duplex devices. It conserves bandwidth but reduces bidirectional throughput, as only one channel is shared sequentially between directions. Collisions can occur if multiple parties transmit simultaneously. Full-Duplex Communication: Full-duplex communication enables simultaneous dat

39. #39UKPSC 2012
    Sending an identical e-mail message repeatedly to a particular address by any abuser is called
    • AE-mail Spoofing
    • BE-mail Spamming
    • CE-mail Bombing
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (C) E-mail Bombing
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct email bomb is a denial-of-service attack that large volumes of messages to an email bombing usually aims to render the victim's or hide important messages (such as alerts) in the torrent. This matches the sending an identical e-mail message repeatedly to address by any abuser. Important Tips E-mail Spoofing: This is a technique used in spam and phishing attacks to trick users into thinking a message came from a person or entity they know or trust. In spoofing attacks, the sender forges email headers so that client software displays the fraudulent sender address, which most users take at face value. Users don't realize the sender is forged unless they inspect the header more closely. If it's a name they recognize, they're more likely to trust it. So, they'll click malicious links, open malware attachments, send sensitive data, and even wire corporate funds. E-mail

40. #40UPPCS 2020
    The concept of 'Ecological Transition' was e first used by
    • AElton
    • BBennett
    • CBerkeley
    • DRatzel
    Answer: (B) Bennett
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct concept of ecological transition was first used Bennett in his book "The Ecological Anthropology and Human Adaptation" in defined ecological transition as "the process a society changes from a simpler, more of social organization to a more complex, form of social organization". Bennett ecological transition is driven by a number of population growth, technological environmental change. He also argued that is not always a smooth process, and that it can social and environmental problems

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