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Biotechnology & Health — UPSC Prelims Science & Environment previous year questions

6 solved previous year questions on Biotechnology & Health, papers from 1993 to 2020, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, State PCS, CGPSC. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CSE Prelims 2020
   What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India? 1. These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and sepsis. 2. Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug-resistant bacteria can be reduced. 3. These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 only
   • B1 and 2 only
   • C3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is correct: Pneumococcal conjugate are vaccines that protect against which is caused by bacteria that can lead in the lungs, blood, and brain. These pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and ear i l s are effective against these diseases and can and disabilities in children and 2 is correct: Antibiotic resistance is a health threat that occurs when bacteria develop to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. By infections, PCVs can help reduce the need and slow down the spread of 3 is incorrect: Most people who get a PCV do any serious problems with it, but some may side effects such as pain, redness, or swelling at site, fever, or irritability. In rare cases, reactions may occur. Therefore, PCVs are safe and risk-free

2. #2UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
   Which work among these falls into the category of Biotechnology?
   • AUse of the organism or their substances in industrial processes
   • BModernization of the process of commercial industries to produce the goods used in Bio-exploration
   • CUse of modern technology in research of biological mutilation
   • DUse of industrial technology to increase the biosphere
   Answer: (A) Use of the organism or their substances in industrial processes
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct is the use of living organisms and to create or modify products or processes use. This includes the use of as bacteria and yeast, to produce products such enzymes, and vaccines. It also includes of plant and animal cells to produce products such and pharmaceuticals. Important Tips India's current initiative towards Biotechnology Sector: The National Biotechnology Strategy 2021-2025 (NBS 2025), which aims to make India a global leader in biotechnology by 2025. The NBS 2025 focuses on five key areas: research and development, innovation and commercialization, human capacity building, infrastructure development, and regulatory environment. The Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), which is a public sector enterprise under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT). BIRAC provides support to biotechnology startups and companies through a variety of pr

3. #3State PCS 2020
   BCG vaccine is used for the prevention of
   • ASmallpox
   • BTyphoid
   • CTuberculosis
   • DPlague (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
   Answer: (C) Tuberculosis
   Explanation

   Gamma rays are the most energetic form Option c is the correct answer. electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against exahertz (3 x Hz) and energies above 100 (TB). It is named after its inventors Albert They are produced by the radioactive decay of and Camille Guerin. In countries where tuberculosis nuclei or subatomic particles, such as neutrons leprosy is common, one dose is recommended in healthy pions. They have no charge and no mass. They as soon after birth as possible. BCG vaccine can also very high penetrating power and can only be prevent some other infections caused by mycobacteria, by thick layers of lead or concrete. They have as Buruli ulcer, and it is sometimes used as part of the ionizing power but can still cause serious damage of bladder cancer. living cells due to their high energy Important Tips 244. Solution: (a) The ful

4. #4CGPSC 2008
   At which place India's first Butterfly Park has been established?
   • ABannerghatta Biological Park, Bangalore
   • BNational Zoological Park, Kolkata
   • CKaziranga National Park
   • DNone of the above
   Answer: (A) Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bangalore
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Biological Park, Bangalore is the park in India, and it was established in 2007 as project of the Department of Biotechnology and the Zoo Authority of Karnataka (ZAK). The an area of 7.5 acres and has a butterfly trail of km

5. #5Practice set
   Consider the following statements:L Vaccines contain antibodies that triggers an immune response. 2. Some vaccines require multiple doses for production of long-lived antibodies and memory cells. 3. Herd immunity provides full protection to those who cannot be safely vaccinated. 4. There is no threat of a disease being caused from live attenuated vaccine. r JHow many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (A) Only one
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. Vaccines contain weakened parts of a particular organism (antigen and that triggers an immune response within the vaccines contain the blueprint for producing than the antigen itself. Important Tips NEW Y A is a tiny weakened non-dangerous fragment of the organism and includes parts of the antigen. It's enough that our body can learn to build the specific antibody. Then if the body encounters the real antigen later, as part of the real organism, it already knows how to defeat 2 is correct. Some vaccines require given weeks or months apart. This is to allow for the production of long-lived development of memory cells. In this way, the trained to fight the specific disease-causing up memory of the pathogen so as to rapidly fight and when exposed in the 3 is incorrect. No single vaccine protection, and herd immunity does not provide to those who canno

6. #6Full-length test
   Consider the following statements regarding the self-amplifying mRNA vaccine: 1. It takes longer time to produce self amplifying mRNA vaccine as compared to the mRNA vaccine. 2. It may contain. several variants of the same virus or different viruses. 3. It produces the antigens in body for a longer period as compared to the traditional mRNA vaccines.How many of the above given statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct self-amplifying mRNA vaccine is one in which RNA multiplies inside the body. An directs the cell to produce copies of the spike that the immune system will recognize the spike if actual infection takes place and mount a the RNA enters a cell it begins to continually copies of messenger RNA to replace those self-amplification of mRNA inside the cell gives advantage of smaller dose as compared to 1 is incorrect: Like mRNA vaccines, of self-amplifying mRNA is Manufacturing does not require growth in cell. It is entirely a chemical process. Production and flexible and can be adjusted rapidly to new demands. In other words, since both the mRNA self-amplifying mRNA vaccines follows the the latter is also as quick to produce as the 2 is correct: In these vaccines, the lower doses offers the opportunity to create a variety antigens in one vaccine. A single dose may varian

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