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Environmental Governance — UPSC Prelims Science & Environment previous year questions — page 2

149 solved previous year questions on Environmental Governance, papers from 1994 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS, UPSC CDS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41UPPCS 2013
   Refrigeration helps in food preservation by
   • AKilling the germs
   • BReducing the rate of biochemical reactions
   • CDestroying enzyme action
   • DSealing the food with a layer of ice
   Answer: (B) Reducing the rate of biochemical reactions
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct works by slowing down the rate reactions that occur in food. These responsible for the growth of bacteria and the food. By slowing down these reactions, refrigeration to extend the shelf life of food and keep it safe to eat

2. #42UPPCS 2010
   Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): If Ice collects in the freezer, the cooling in the refrigerator is affected adversely. Reason Ice is a poor conductor. Select the correct answer using the codes given below
   • ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
   • BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
   • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
   • D(A) is false, but (R) is true
   Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct (A) is correct: Ice collects in the freezer the moisture in the air that enters the refrigerator door is opened. This moisture condenses on the and freezes over time. Ice buildup in the the cooling efficiency of the refrigerator by air vents and reducing the heat transfer from coils. Reason (R) is correct and explains Assertion (A): Ice is conductor of heat. Ice acts as an insulator, from escaping from the freezer. This causes to work harder and longer to maintain the which increases the energy consumption and tear of the refrigerator

3. #43UPPCS 2010
   Litmus-the add-base indicator is obtained from
   • ABacterium
   • BLichen
   • CVirus
   • DNone of the above
   Answer: (B) Lichen
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes lichens, which are symbiotic organisms consisting fungi and algae found worldwide in various lichens play a crucial environmental role in rocks and creating soil. Litmus is derived through a process involving boiling them in extracting the dyes with chemicals, resulting in Important Tips Red litmus paper changes to blue in the presence of basic solutions, while blue litmus paper turns red in the presence of acidic solutions

4. #44UPPCS 2009
   The Leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall because
   • AIt is tapered at the top
   • BIt covers a large base area Bli
   • CIts centre of gravity remains at the lowest position
   • DThe vertical line through the centre of gravity of the tower falls within its base
   Answer: (D) The vertical line through the centre of gravity of the tower falls within its base
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall because the through the center of gravity of the tower falls within This means that the tower's weight is balanced by resistance, and the tower does not topple over. Important Tips The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a famous monument that has been tilting for centuries due to a design flaw and soft soil. However, the tower has also survived several earthquakes without collapsing, thanks to a phenomenon called dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI). This describes the relationship between the soil's softness and the tower's height and rigidity, which protects the tower from seismic forces

5. #45UPPCS 2009
   A breeder reactor is that which
   • ADoes not require fissionable material at all
   • BUses only heavy water
   • CProduces more fissionable material than it burns
   • DNone of these
   Answer: (C) Produces more fissionable material than it burns
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct breeder reactor is that which produces more than it burns. This is achieved by using a fertile material, such as Uranium- 238 or Thorium-238, be converted into fissile material using Important Tips Breeder reactors can be classified into two main types: fast breeder reactors and thermal breeder reactors. Fast breeder reactors use fast neutrons to convert fertile material into fissile material. Fast breeder reactors are more efficient than thermal breeder reactors, but they are also more difficult to design and build. Thermal breeder reactors use slow neutrons to convert fertile material into fissile material. Thermal breeder reactors are less efficient than fast breeder reactors, but they are easier to design and build

6. #46UPPCS 2005
   Bats can fly during dark nights and also prey. This is because
   • AThe pupil of their eyes is large
   • BTheir night vision is very good
   • CEvery bird can do this
   • DThey produce ultrasonic waves and are guided by them
   Answer: (D) They produce ultrasonic waves and are guided by them
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct can fly during dark nights and also prey because waves produced by them. Bats, the only are nocturnal creatures active at night. on echolocation, a process utilizing ultrasonic to humans), to locate objects and navigate in These ultrasonic waves bounce off objects and return bat, enabling it to create a mental map of its employ echolocation for various purposes, food, avoiding obstacles, and one another, showcasing its remarkable for navigating in complete darkness. Important The following animals use echolocation: Dolphins Whales Hedgehog Shrews (Smallest mammal known to use echolocation) Porpoises Oilbirds Swiftlets Tenrecs Significance of Bats for the They are pollinators. Bats pollinate many plants, including fruits, vegetables, and flowers. This helps to ensure that these plants can reproduce and thrive. They are insect predators. Bats eat a variety of insect

7. #47UPPCS 2004
   Which one of the following is a bio-diesel plant?
   • AGuggal
   • BRosha grass
   • CJatropha
   • DJava grass
   Answer: (C) Jatropha
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct is a non-edible oilseed plant that is native and subtropical regions of the world. It is low-maintenance plant that can grow in a climates and soil conditions. Jatropha seeds contain a (m high oil content, which can be extracted and used to Important Tips Guggal is a tree that produces a gum resin that is used in traditional medicine. Rosha grass is a type of grass that is used for making baskets and other woven goods. Java grass is a type of grass that is used as animal feed

8. #48UPPCS 2000
   Stars obtain their energy from: 1. Nuclear fusion 2. Gravitational contraction 3. Chemical reaction 4. Nuclear fission Select your answer from the codes given below
   • A1 and 2
   • B1, 2 and 3
   • C1 and 4
   • D2 and 4
   Answer: (A) 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct l is correct - Nuclear fusion is the process two or more atomic nuclei to form a This process releases a large amount of the total mass of the resulting nucleus is less total mass of the two original nuclei. The difference is converted into energy according to Einstein's E Nuclear fusion is the main source for stars, including the Sun. It is also the process nuclear 2 is correct- Gravitational contraction is the a star shrinking due to its own gravity. This heat because the gravitational potential the star is converted into thermal energy. is important in the early stages of star also plays a role in the later stages of star evolution, such a star becomes a red giant or a white 3 is incorrect- A chemical reaction is a which two or more substances are combined or to form new substances. Chemical reactions absorb energy, but the amount of energy released much less t

9. #49UPPCS 1998
   To avoid 'knocking' of the engine of a car, which one of the following is used as an anti-knocking agent?
   • AEthyl alcohol
   • BButane
   • CTetraethyl Lead
   • DWhite Petrol
   Answer: (C) Tetraethyl Lead
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct prevent the occurrence of engine knocking in a Lead is used as an anti-knocking lead, commonly known as leaded gasoline, a common additive in gasoline. It acted as an anti knocking agent by raising the octane number of the reduced the tendency of the air-fuel mixture to allowing for smoother and more operation. Important Tips An anti-knocking agent is a gasoline additive used to reduce engine knocking and increase the fuel's octane rating by raising the temperature and pressure at which auto-ignition occurs. Engine knocking is a phenomenon where the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder detonates prematurely, causing a loud noise and damaging the engine

10. #50UPPCS 1997
    Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Detergent easily removes oil and dirt from dirty garments. Reason Detergent increases the surface tension of water. Code
    • ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    • BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
    • D(A) is false, but (R) is true
    Answer: (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct (A) is true: Detergents are effective at and dirt from dirty garments due to their unique They contain molecules with hydrophilic (water attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) ends. with water, detergents form micelles, where ends encase oil and dirt particles, while ends face outward. This process emulsifies and dirt, allowing them to be suspended in water rinsed away, leaving the garments clean and free (R) is false: Detergents are surfactants lower the surface tension of water. They do this the cohesive forces between water it to spread more easily and penetrate fabrics, effectively. This property helps tasks like cleaning, where reduced surface tension aids removal of dirt and oils from various surfaces

11. #51UPPCS 1996
    Desert plants have longer root system because
    • AHigh temperature of the soil stimulates the growth of roots
    • BRoots grow in search of water
    • CSoil does not contain water, hence becomes compact and presses the roots to grow longer
    • DRoots moves opposite to the solar heat
    Answer: (B) Roots grow in search of water
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct plants have longer root systems primarily grow in search of water. In arid desert is a scarce resource, often found deep at a distance from the surface. To survive and desert plants develop extensive and deep to reach water sources. This adaptation allows effectively tap into available water reservoirs, better suited for life in water-scarce desert regions. Important Tips Adaptations of Desert Plants: Succulence: Many desert plants, like cacti and succulents, store water in their fleshy stems or leaves, allowing them to survive during prolonged droughts. Reduced Leaves: Desert plants often have small or no leaves to minimize water loss through transpiration. They rely on stem surfaces for photosynthesis mim Thick Cuticles: Desert plants develop thick, waxy cuticles on their surfaces to reduce water loss through evaporation. Deep Root Systems: Desert plants often h

12. #52UPSC CDS 2023
    The blood pressure of a normal human being is found to be 120/80 mmHg. These "numbers' the blood pressure at
    • Aventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation, respectively
    • Bventricular relaxation and ventricular contraction, respectively
    • Cauricular contraction and auricular relaxation, respectively
    • Dventricular contraction and auricular contraction, respectively
    Answer: (A) ventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation, respectively
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct pressure is measured using two values: and diastolic pressure. The systolic the pressure exerted on the walls of the the heart contracts, specifically during The diastolic pressure represents the the arteries when the heart is at rest, specifically relaxation. In the given blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg, the number 120 represents the systolic pressure, which occurs during ventricular contraction. The number 80 represents the diastolic pressure, which occurs during ventricular relaxation. Therefore, the correct interpretation of the numbers in the blood pressure reading is that 120 mmHg is the blood pressure during ventricular contraction, and 80 mmHg is the blood pressure during ventricular relaxation

13. #53UPSC CSE Prelims 2018
    Consider the following statements: 1. Aadhaar Card can be used as a proof of citizenship or domicile. 2. Once issued, Aadhar number cannot be deactivated or omitted by the Issuing Authority. 64.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct l is incorrect: According to the UIDAI, not a citizenship document and does not grant to domicile in India. Aadhaar is a proof of not a proof of 2 is incorrect: Aadhaar number can or omitted by the Issuing Authority circumstances, such as: The Aadhaar number has been found to be duplicate or fraudulent. The Aadhaar number has been issued to a non-resident or a foreigner. The Aadhaar number has been issued with mixed or anomalous biometric information or multiple names in single l f ( The Aadhaar number has been issued to a deceased person or in the name of a non-existent person. The Aadhaar number has not been used for three consecutive years

14. #54UPSC CSE Prelims 2018
    The identity platform 'Aadhaar' provides open 'Application Programming Interfaces What does it imply? 1. It can be integrated into any electronic device. 2. Online authentication using iris is possible.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Aadhaar platform provides open which it allows third-party applications to access its data through a standardized 1 is correct: It can be integrated into device that can send and receive HTTP JSON responses. For example, a mobile phone, a biometric scanner, etc. This does not mean that any access Aadhaar data, as there are certain security protocols that need to be 2 is correct: Online authentication using iris as one of the biometric modalities supported is iris scan. However, this requires a device capture and encrypt the iris image of the user and send the Aadhaar server for verification

15. #55UPSC CSE Prelims 2011
    The jet aircrafts fly very easily and smoothly in the lower stratosphere. What could be the appropriate explanation? 1. There are no clouds or water-vapour in the lower stratosphere. 2. There are no vertical winds in the lower stratosphereWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct I is correct: The lower stratosphere by very low temperatures, and it is typically for the existence of water vapor in the form of formation usually occurs in the troposphere, are higher and conditions are more the formation of water droplets or ice crystals. Jet fly easily and smoothly in the lower stratosphere encounter fewer cloud-related turbulence 2 is correct: The stratosphere is characterized stable atmosphere with a lack of strong vertical updrafts. In the lower stratosphere, the air tends to which means it is layered and relatively stability inhibits the formation of strong or turbulence, making it a smoother and more for aircraft. Jet aircraft often fly in the to take advantage of these stable conditions and more efficient flight

16. #56UPSC CSE Prelims 2011
    Recently, USA decided to support India's membership in multilateral export control regimes called the 'Australia Group' and the 'Wassenaar Arrangement'. What is the difference between them? 1. The 'Australia Group' is an informal arrangement which aims to allow exporting countries to minimize the risk of assisting chemical and biological weapons proliferation, whereas the 'Wassenaar Arrangement' is a formal group under the OECD holding identical objectives. 2. The 'Australia Group' comprises predominantly of Asian, African and North American countries whereas the member countries of 'Wassenaar Arrangement' are predominantly from the European Union and American continents.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct l is incorrect-The Australia Group is an focused on reducing the likelihood of aiding of chemica.l and biological weapons nations. In contrast, the Wassenaar an informal coalition that works to enhance accountability in the transfer of dual-use goods along with conventional arms. Statement 2 is incorrect- Both the Australia Group Arrangement comprise the mostly and the European Union

17. #57UPSC CSE Prelims 2011
    The function of heavy water in a nuclear reactor is to
    • ASlow down the speed of neutrons
    • BIncrease the speed of neutrons
    • CCool down the reactor
    • DStop the nuclear reaction
    Answer: (A) Slow down the speed of neutrons
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is required in a Nuclear reactor to slow neutrons produced during the fission reaction so chain reaction can be sustained. Heavy Water is moderator due to its high moderating ratio and cross section for neutrons

18. #58UPSC CSE Prelims 2000
    A small pouch containing silica gel is often found in bottles of medicine in tablet or powder form because of silica gel
    • AKills bacteria
    • BKills germs and spores
    • CAbsorbs moisture
    • DAbsorbs all gases present inside the bottle l m
    Answer: (C) Absorbs moisture
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct gel is commonly placed in bottles of medicine or powder form because it has a remarkable absorb moisture. Moisture can degrade the effectiveness of pharmaceutical products, leading chemical degradation, or microbial growth. acts as a desiccant, absorbing excess moisture from within the bottle, thus helping to preserve the shelf life of the medication by preventing moisture related deterioration

19. #59UPPCS 2011
    The tail of a comet always points
    • AAway from the Sun
    • BTowards the Sun
    • CTowards North-East
    • DTowards South-East
    Answer: (A) Away from the Sun
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct tail of a comet always points away from the phenomenon occurs due to the interaction solar wind, a stream of charged particles emitted Sun, and the comet's nucleus. The solar wind on the comet's coma (the gas and dust nucleus), pushing it away from the Sun. This creates tail of a comet that stretches in the to the Sun

20. #60UPSC CAPF 2019
    is an ongoing initiative of Government of India for
    • Aattraction of talent for science and research
    • Bresearch advancement through nurturing
    • Cpromoting research among various S T stakeholders
    • Daugmenting quality manpower in niche areas of research
    Answer: (C) promoting research among various S T stakeholders
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. is an ongoing initiative of the Government of stands for "Innovation in Science Pursuit for The main objective of is to encourage research and innovation among in the fields of science and technology Important Tips The program has four components: Fellowship- This is a scholarship program for students pursuing their Ph.D. in science and technology. Faculty Award- This is an award for faculty members who have made significant contributions to research in science and technology. Schools- This is a program to promote science education in schools. outreach- This is a program to promote science awareness among the public

21. #61UPSC CAPF 2014
    Now-a-days a new term 'jail breaking' is in use. It implies a process
    • Aof running away from most secured jails of USA by hardcore criminals
    • Bthat gives users the ability to install unauthorized software on certain types of phones
    • Cof breaking security system by hackers using technology
    • Dof hacking authorized software from computers, laptop and mobiles
    Answer: (B) that gives users the ability to install unauthorized software on certain types of phones
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct term "jailbreaking" refers to a process that gives ability to install unauthorized software on certain phones. Jailbreaking is typically associated with devices (such as and !Pads), and it the limitations imposed by the manufacturer root access to the device's operating system. users to install third-party applications and that are not typically allowed on Solution: Option c is the correct is a malicious technique of tricking into revealing confidential information or actions. It involves disguising or elements on a website with hidden elements layers. When a user clicks on what appears to harmless element, they unknowingly trigger an action sensitive information

22. #62UPPCS 2021
    Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason Assertion (A): Various components of an ecosystem are not interdependent. Reason Human activities have impacts on the environment. Choose the correct answer from the code given below
    • ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    • BBoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
    • D(A) is false, but (R) is true
    Answer: (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct (A) is false- The various components of are interdependent. For example, plants sunlight to produce food, and animals depend on (R) is true- Human activities can have a on the environment. For example, human as pollution and deforestation can damage reduce biodiversity

23. #63UPPCS 2020
    The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a particular area are called
    • AEcological succession
    • BSere
    • CCommunity dynamics
    • DPyramid of biomass E I m
    Answer: (B) Sere
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct sere is the entire sequence of communities change in a particular area over time. It is process that can take place over many years or The change in communities is caused by a factors, including the Biotic and Abiotic factors. Important Tips The first community to colonize a bare area is called the pioneer community. Pioneer communities are typically made up of hardy species that can tolerate harsh conditions. Over time, the pioneer community changes the environment in a way that makes it more suitable for other organisms to colonize. This process is called succession. Succession continues until a climax community is established. The climax community is a stable community that is well-adapted to the environment

24. #64UPPCS 2016
    Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the phases of biotic succession?
    • ANudation, Migration, Ecesis, Reaction, Stabilization
    • BMigration, Nudation, Ecesis, Reaction, Stabilization
    • CEcesis, Migration, Nudation, Reaction, Stabilization
    • DStabilization, Reaction, Nudation, Migration, Ecesis
    Answer: (A) Nudation, Migration, Ecesis, Reaction, Stabilization
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct succession is the process by which a community organisms in an ecosystem changes over time. It is process that can take place over many years or five stages of biotic succession are: Nudation: This is the creation of a bare area where no life can exist. This can be caused by natural events such as fires, floods, or landslides, or by human activities such as deforestation or mining. Migration: This is the movement of organisms into the bare area from surrounding areas. The first organisms ENVI to arrive are typically pioneer species, which are hardy and can tolerate harsh conditions. Ecesis: This is the establishment of the pioneer species in the bare area. This involves finding a suitable place to live and reproduce. Reaction: This is the interaction between the pioneer species and their environment. The pioneer species can change the environment in a way that mak

25. #65Previous year
    Environment refers to: (. (Pre) 2006
    • AThe natural world of 1 and, water, air, plants and animals that exist around it
    • BThe sum total of conditions which surround human beings at a given point of time
    • CThe interacting system of physical, biological and cultural elements which are interlinked
    • DAll of the above
    Answer: (D) All of the above
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct is a broad term that encompasses all of and non-living things that surround us. The includes all of the living and non-living things naturally, such as the air, water, land, plants, human-built world includes all of the things that created by humans, such as cities, roads, cultural environment includes all of the and practices that are shared by a group of economic environment includes all of the factors the production, distribution, and goods and services. The social environment includes the people and groups that we interact with, such as friends, neighbors, and co-workers

26. #66UPSC CDS 2019
    Which one of the following is the correct sequential phase in the successional development of vegetation community in a habitat?
    • AMigration, reaction, stabilisation and nudation
    • BMigration, stabilisation, reaction and nudation
    • CNudation, migration, reaction and stabilisation
    • DReaction, migration, stabilisation a nudation
    Answer: (C) Nudation, migration, reaction and stabilisation
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct sequential phases in the successional development of community in a habitat are as follows: Important Tips Nudation is the initial stage of succession, when a habitat is disturbed and the vegetation is destroyed. This can be caused by a variety of factors, such as fire, flooding, or deforestation. Migration is the process of new plants colonizing the disturbed habitat. The seeds of these plants may be carried by wind, water, or animals. Reaction is the stage of succession when the new plants begin to grow and establish themselves. The composition of the plant community changes over time, as different species compete for resources. Stabilization is the final stage of succession, when the plant community reaches a relatively stable state. The composition of the plant community changes very slowly in this stage

27. #67State PCS 2018
    Which of the following plant, grown in non-forest area has been omitted from the definition of trees in the Indian Forest (Amendment) Act, 201 n
    • APalm
    • BCanes
    • CBamboo
    • DBanana
    Answer: (C) Bamboo
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct has been omitted from the definition of trees Indian Forest (Amendment) Act, 2017. This bamboo grown in non-forest areas is no to the same regulations as trees in terms of transportation. The amendment was made in promote the cultivation and use of bamboo in is a versatile material that can be used for a purposes, such as construction, furniture making, production. It is also a fast-growing plant, it a sustainable source of renewable resources

28. #68UPSC CSE Prelims 2014
    With.reference to 'Eco-Sensitive Zones', which of the following statements is/a.re correct? 1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco- Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities in those zones except agriculture.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Zones are declared under Act, activities are not prohibited in most of the Zones. Other premitted activities includes on practices or horticultural practices, organic farming, use of renewable energy adoption of greeen technology for all activities

29. #69UPSC CSE Prelims 2009
    Which one of the following Union Ministries implements the Cartagena Protocol on
    • AMinistry of Science and Technology
    • BMinistry of Health and Family Welfare
    • CMinistry of Environment and Forests
    • DMinistry of Chemical and Fertilizers
    Answer: (C) Ministry of Environment and Forests
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Ministry of Environment, Forest and is the nodal agency in India for of the Cartagena Protocol on The CPB is an international treaty that aims biological diversity from potential risks posed organisms (LMOs). The a number of mechanisms to implement the The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), which is responsible for appraising and approving the release of LMOs into the environment. The Biosafety Clearing-House (BCH), which is an information exchange mechanism that facilitates the sharing of information on LMOs between countries. The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), which is responsible for regulating the access to biological resources and associated traditional knowledge

30. #70Practice set
    When one looks at the inner side of a spoon, the image looks upside down. What is the most probable reason for this upside-down image?
    • AThe inner side of the spoon is like a concave mirror
    • BThe inner side of the spoon is like a convex mirror
    • CThe inner side of the spoon is like a concave lens
    • DThe inner side of the spoon is like a convex lens
    Answer: (A) The inner side of the spoon is like a concave mirror
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct curved shining surface of a spoon acts as a mirror. common example of a curved mirror is a If the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror it is called a concave mirror. If the reflecting convex, then it is a convex mirror. The inner surface of acts like a concave mirror, while its outer like a convex mirror. In concave mirror, the is inverted, when the object is placed infinity and the focus of the mirror

31. #71Practice set
    With reference to the telescope, consider the following statements:l. Reflecting telescope is made from mirrors while refracting telescope is made from lenses. 36. 2. Unlike Refracting telescope, reflecting telescope always creates chromatic aberration.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct: As the wing moves through the air, flowing over the top of the wing moves faster than flowing below the wing. This creates an area of on the top of the wing. Higher pressure the wing and is able to lift the wing into the air. is known as Bernoulli's principle. It helps in 2 is correct: Newton's Third Law of Motion to the creation of lift. The law states that for there is an equal and opposite reaction. As the around the wing, it gets deflected downward. The opposite reaction then is that the wind pushes the It's the combination of both the lower pressure above the wing and this equal and opposite enables a wing to generate 3 is incorrect: Faraday's law of induction, in quantitative relationship expressing that a field induces in a circuit, developed basis of experimental observations made in 1831 by scientist Michael Faraday

32. #72Practice set
    Consider the following statements to Red ox reaction:J. It is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. 2. In redox reaction, if a substance gains hydrogen during a reaction it is said to be oxidized. 3. The reaction of copper oxide with hydrogen gas is an example of the Redox reaction.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone Practice
    Answer: (D) None Practice
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct condition produced by aerial oxidation fat present in foods and other products, unpleasant odour or flavour. When a fatty substance to air, its unsaturated components are converted which break down into volatile alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons, some of disagreeable fats and oils in food are oxidised, they and their smell and taste change. Thus, it is that is produced by the oxidation of fat present in foods. Usually substances which (antioxidants) are added to foods containing oil. Keeping food in air tight containers helps to oxidation. Important Tips When there is an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the condition is known as Hyperacidity. When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, etc., it is said to corrode and this process is called corrosion. The black coating on silver and the green coating on copper ar

33. #73Practice set
    Which of the following substances turn blue litmus paper to red? 1. Rain water 2. Pure water 3. Milk of magnesiaSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct seeding is a way to artificially tweak rain. It is by other terms such as man-made artificial weather modification, so technology sprays particles of salts like silver iodide on clouds using a special aircraft, rockets or devices located on the salt particles act as a core ( cloud or ice-nucleating particles) which draw water the cloud towards them and the moisture latches into water droplets leading to the formation goal of cloud seeding is to alter the natural the cloud to enhance precipitation, suppress hail, or reduce most common chemicals used for cloud seeding iodide, potassium iodide and dry ice (solid Liquid propane, which expands into a gas, been used. Cloud seeding Traditional method of rainmaking, in since the lircraft silver iodide or other lie that sme as substances into for condtnsation the droplvts

34. #74Practice set
    Why Nitrogen gas is used in the tyres of vehicles and airplanes?
    • AIt rapidly decreases the inflation pressure of the tires
    • BIt has a high volumetric energy density
    • CIt has less water and oxygen content
    • DIt has small air molecules with high binding capacity
    Answer: (B) It has a high volumetric energy density
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct reactions are reactions in which atoms of involved in the reaction lose 1 is correct. Food material cooked/fried in left for a long time smells unpleasant and tastes the fats and oils of food items. undergo become rancid. This, change is called rancidity. 2 is correct. Cops often use breathalysers or to estimate the content of alcohol in a The breathalysers employ the chemical principle. reactions (in which oxidation and reduction place) where ethanol gets oxidized as it loses atoms) and the potassium dichromate gets reduced as up some 3 is incorrect. Hydrogenation (an is a process in which unsaturated alkenes and alkynes) are converted to alkanes by of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. is used in preparation of vegetable ghee from by converting unsaturated fats to saturated ones

35. #75Practice set
    Which of the following are the applications of gypsum? 1. As a coagulant in Food industry. 2. As a traditional medicinal product 3.' As a Heat Sink material.Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only
    • A1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 162
    Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct in which heat is released along with the products are called exothermic chemical reactions are chemical reactions in which absorb heat energy from the surroundings to reactions create a is correct: The decomposition of into compost is also an example of an 2 is correct: Burning of natural gas i. e. (g) CO2 (g) is an exothermic 3 is Decomposition of is an endothermic reaction because it to decompose into carbon dioxide and calcium of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide dioxide on heating is an important used in various industries. Calcium oxide is or quick lime. When a decompcsition reaction is by heating, it is called thermal 4 is correct: During digestion, food is into simpler substances. For example, rice, bread contain carbohydrates. These carbohydrates down to form glucose. This glucose combines in the cells of our body and provides energy. is respiration. So,

36. #76Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to inbreeding: 1. Inbreeding refers to the mating of animals within the same breed but having no common ancestors on either side for up to 4-6 generations. 2. Inbreeding increases the productivity of inbred population. 3. Inbreeding reduces fertility if continued for long time.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct breeding is an important aspect in the field of It aims at increasing the yield of animals the desirable qualities of the produce. a practice of breeding related animals i.e. animals of and Out-breeding is the practice of breeding of animals. Outbreeding is further subdivided animal breeding I is incorrect. Out-crossing is an animal between animals of same breed having no in recent. In this mating of animals is done same breed, but having no common ancestors on of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations. The offspring a mating is known as an out-cross. It is the the best breeding method for animals that are in productivity in milk production, growth rate cattle, 2 is correct. Cross-breeding involves breeding of different breeds. In this, superior males of are mated with superior females of another allows the combination of desirable two different breeds. Many new ani

37. #77Practice set
    Consider the following activities:43. 1. Tracking the location of goods 2. Analyzing the distribution of mineral resources 3. Referring weather forecasts to particular territories 4. Assessing vegetation on a selected terrain 5. Managing personal finances of an individual At the present level of technology available,which of the above activities can be successfully carried out by using Geo-Spatial technology?
    • A1, 2 and 5 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    • D2, 3, 4 and 5 only
    Answer: (C) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct technology refers to the use of collect, analyze, and visualize data that is related specific location. This can include data such as imagery, and geographic information systems Option 1 is correct: Geo-spatial technology can be used the location and movement of goods, as well as and analyze data related to the quality of the as temperature or humidity data. GPS devices can to vehicles or cargo to track their location in real 2 is correct: Geo-spatial technology, and remote sensing, can be used to map and distribution of mineral resources. Remote such as satellite imagery and aerial be used to detect and map the surface expression deposits and to identify areas of 3 is correct: Geo-spatial technology can be used and analyze weather data, such as through of GIS or by overlaying weather forecasts onto maps. users to overlay weather forecasts, radar images weather da

38. #78Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/ are correct about PARAM PORUL, a supercomputer dedicated to the nation under National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)? 1. It is a part of joint initiative of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and Department of Science and Technology (DST). 2. It is equipped with Direct Contact Liquid Cooling technology. 3. It was inaugurated at the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 51.Select the correct answer from the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 only
    • C3 only
    • D1 and 3 only
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct PORUL is a state-of-the-art on May 25, 2022, at NIT Tiruchirappalli National Supercomputing Mission. The facility has computing capacity and is equipped with of CPU nodes, GPU nodes, High Memory nodes, storage, and high-performance 1 is correct: PARAM PORUL is a to the nation under the National (NSM), which is a joint initiative of Electronics and Information Technology of Science and Technology 2 is correct: PARAM PORUL is equipped Contact Liquid Cooling technology to obtain usage effectiveness and thereby reducing 3 is incorrect: PARAM PORUL was at Bangalore. It was inaugurated at Important Tips Direct Contact Liquid Cooling (DCLC) is a cooling technology that uses a liquid coolant, typically water, to directly cool a hot surface, such as a computer chip or server processor. In DCLC, the coolant comes into direct contact with the hot surface, allowing for effici

39. #79Practice set
    reference to mo'dern Communication technologies, consider the 'following statements: 1. Unlike a bar-code, Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags need not be in line of sight to be read. 2. Unlike Near field communication (NFC) technology, RFID, devices can act not only as a re.aqer,but as a tag. 3. Bluetooth Low (BI.Ef J'.evices remain in sleep unless a,cpn,Ijection initiates.How many of the above 'statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly' two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only' two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct answer. Near field communication (NFC), Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and Bluetooth Low Energy are modern communication technologies that allow one to automatically identify objects or people and te their different operating characteristics, complete each other. Statement 1 is correct. RFID stands for 'Radio-frequency identification' where digital data is encoded in RFID tags or smart labels which is captured by a reader. It is similar to barcocling where data from a tag is captured by a device. 'fhe disadvantage with methods like a bar-code is that it needs to be in the Hne of sight to be read whereas RFID ta gs need not be in line of sight. ! an AIIQWS the storiige and Executes object to carry the ah of the Tag based -oil the data data Jn other or Cel'n be -dat.cf to sq that action can 2 is incorrect. Near field communication the set of protocols. that en

40. #80Practice set
    With reference to technologies, what is/are the differences between RADAR and 1. Unlike LIDAR, RADAR can easily operate in night and cloudy weather conditions. 2. To detect objects, LJD,AR uses comparatively long wavelength than RADAR.Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct. RADAR can detect objects distance and through fog or clouds. But its is limited by the size of the antenna. technology, pulses are adversely affected weather conditions such as dense fogs, even rain. The light pulses will be distorted during this will affect the accuracy of the data 2 is incorrect. The difference between is their wavelength. LIDAR uses short it is based on light to detect small objects. While radio waves of longer wavelength and hence does the detection of small objects. RADAR cannot user with the precise image of an object because of wavelength. The wavelength of RADAR is cm and 3 mm, while has a micrometer

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