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General & Miscellaneous — UPSC Prelims Ancient & Medieval previous year questions — page 2

105 solved previous year questions on General & Miscellaneous, papers from 1990 to 2022, drawn from UPPCS, State PCS, UPSC CDS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

105 questions

3 pages

Ancient & Medieval

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#41Practice set
Consider the following statements with reference to Microliths: 1. They are applied to tools made on microblades or bladelets. 2. They are associated with Mesolithic period. 3. They were too small to be used as tools individually.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (C) All three
Explanation
Option c is the correct l is correct: The term 'microlith' is strictly applied only to tools made on rnicroblades or a maximum length of 50 mm and a width of 12 occasionally on small flakes, by blunting one or by steep retouch. 1 Statement 2 is correct: They are associated with The technological hall mark of this period are tiny or 3 is correct: Microliths were too small to be tools individually; instead, they were used as tools and weapons by being hafted in bone, wood or and shafts
#42Practice set
Which of the following statements with regard to Neolithic culture found in Kashmir is/are correct? 1. It is known for pit dwelling and graveyards in houses. 2. People used tools made of bones. 3. This culture appeared to have been migrated from outside.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
- A1 Only
- B2 Only
- C1 and 3 Only
- D1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Option dis the correct 1 is correct: The dead were buried in in pit burials, in which animal pets like also 2 is correct: People used tools made of as well as bones. It was characterised by absence 3 is correct: Neolithic in Kashmir Valley be migrated from outside. As presence of was not established here. Perhaps one of the West Asia had reached this Vaiiey. The physical the skeletons from Burzohom bear similarities with population
#43Practice set
Consider the following statements with reference to Chalcolithic culture in India: 1. Most of the sites of Ahar culture were located in the Banas valley. 2. Ahar and Malwa are important Chalcolithic cultures.Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- A1 Only
- B2 Only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct I is correct: The Ahar culture is also the Banas culture The latter term is derived from of the valley in which most of the sites of this located. It is among the earliest Chakolithic cultures 2 is correct: Ahar culture, kayatha culture culture are associated with Chalcolithic culture. Important Tips The Kayatha culture: Located in Chambal and its tributaries. The Malwa culture is the most predominant chalcolithic culture of central India, with a wide distribution of sites almost all over Malwa region. The Abar is among the earliest Chalcolithic cultures of India. The culture has been named after the site Ahar, in District Udaipur, Rajasthan
#44Practice set
Consider the following statements with reference to the Jorwe culture: 1. It is associated with considerable progress in ceramic technology. 2. The mode of disposal of the dead was predominantly cremation. - 1- 3. No significant religious symbols or figurines are found in this culture.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation
Option a is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: In Jorwe culture considerable progress in ceramic technology is seen. The painted pottery wheel-made and well-fired. Four pottery kilns have so far come to light through excavations. Statement 2 is incorrect: A noteworthy feature of the Jorwe culture is the mode. of disposal of the dead. A substantial of burials were exposed in Inamgaon and Daimabad. Many child burials were found in urns laid in pits. In case of adults, the portion below the ankles was chopped off.. Statement 3 is incorrect: Religious beliefs were reconstructed from the presence of terracotta figurines. Two figurines belonging to late Jorwe culture found from Inamgaon have been identified as proto-Ganesh, which was worshipped for success before embarking on an undertaking. Headless figurines were found at Inamgaon, which have been likened with the Goddess Visira of
#45Practice set
Consider the following statements regarding coins during the Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) culture: 1. The coins made of metal can be seen during this phase. 2. The coins were punch marked with marks of several natural figurines. 3. The coins were used for paying wages.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (C) All three
Explanation
Option c is the correct 1 is correct: During NBPW phase, coins made appear. The coins made during this period were of silver (and not that of gold) along with a few 2 is correct: The coins of this period are called coins as pieces of these metals were certain marks such as hill, trees, fish, bull, etc. The earliest hordes of these coins have found in eastern Uttar Pradesh and 3 is correct: The Pali texts indicate plentiful money and show that wages and prices were paid in it. of money had become so universal that even the prices mouse was estimated in it. Important Tips Black Polished Ware (NBPW) is an n of the Indian Subcontinent, las.t ing c. 700-200 BCE. It developed beginning around 700 BCE, in the late Vedic period, and peaked from c. 500-300 BCE, coinciding with the emergence of 16 great states or Mahajanapada in Noi-thern India, and the subsequent rise of the Mauryan Empire
#46Practice set
Consider t he following 1. Kula War 2. Samgram Territory 3. Panis VillagesHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (D) None
Explanation
Option dis the correct 1 is incorrectly matched: The term kula in Rig is used for family. It comprised not only mother, children, but also extended 2 is incorrectly matched: The term Samgram was war. Gramas were small tribal units. When the with one another it caused samgrama or 3 is inconectly matched: The term panis was used caravan traders or the itinerary traders. In some are also seen as enemies
#47Practice set
Consider the following statements regarding Indo--Gangetk plain in ancient times: 1. The region was the source of temptation and attraction for foreign invasions. 2. Rivers in this region hindered commerce and communication as it was very difficult to cross them in those times. of the statements given above is/ are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct I is correct: Indo-Gangetic plain is being large number of rivers. These rivers make the soil in fertile. Due to its fertility and productive region became a source of temptation and foreign invaders And thus, various battles were gain possession of these 2 is incorrect: The Rivers in this region arteries of commerce and communication. As in it was difficult to make roads, and so men and moved by boat
#48Practice set
Consider the following pairs: 1. Soma God of Plant 2. Surya Destroyer of darkness 3. Maruta God of strength 4. Indra God of StormHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- COnly three
- DAll fours
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct l is correctly matched. Soma was a God associated and 2 is correctly matched. Surya with Hs sunrays as destroyer of darkness or 3 is incorrectly matched. Maruta was associated 4 is incorrectly matched. Indra was the god of was invoked to destroy the enemies. He was the God and was the rainmaker who was asked release the water. He could not be vanquished
#49Practice set
With reference to Ancient Indian history, consider the following pairs: 1. Anga Ayodhya 2. Kosala Champa 3. Vatsa Kausambi 4. Matsya ViratnagaraHow many of the pairs given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- COnly three
- DAll four
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct the beginning of the 6th century B.C., the northern of a large numb er of independent I is inconectly matched: Anga comprised the Bhagalpur and Monghyr in Bihar. It was located to the Magadha and west of the Rajamahal hills. Champa capital of Anga. It was located on the confluence of Champa and the Ganga Whereas, Ayodhya was the Janpadas of 2 is incorrectly matched: The Mahajanapada of bounded on the west by the river Gomati. a prosperous Kingdom having three big cities control i.e., Ayodhya, Saketa and Sravasti. Kosala the Kingdom of Kashi in its 3 is correctly matched: Vatsa with its capital was one of the most powerful principalities sixth century B.C. Kausambi has been identified Kosam or the river Yamuna near 4 is correctly matched: The Matsyas were located in region of Rajasthan Their at Viratnagara famed as the hiding place of the of the most famous edicts
#50Practice set
Consider the following reasons behind the success of Magadh Kingdom during the Mahajanapadas period: 1. Magadh used elephants on a large scale in the wars to get an edge over other kingdoms. 2. The capital of Magadh was surrounded by hills that made their fortress difficult to penetrate 3. Accessibility to the iron rnmmg areas ensured better weapons in warfare for the Magadh Kingdom.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (C) All three
Explanation
Option c is the correct empire was most powerful among of all the of North India during the Mahajanapadas can be identified with the modern districts of Patna, and parts of Shahabad in the present-day state 1 is correct: Magadha was one of the few elephants on a large scale in the wars and thus had over others. Elephants had an advantage over chariots, because they could be used to march lands and areas which had no roads or other 2 is correct: The capital of Magadha, was surrounded by five hills which proved to be 3 is correct: One of the factors that contributed rise of Magadha empire was the availability of resulted in the introduction of iron tools iron ores in the hills near Rajgir and copper and near Gaya added to its natural assets
#51Practice set
Arrange the following events associated with ancient India in the correct chronological order: 1. Udayin laid the foundation of the new capital at Pataliputra 2. The Nanda dynasty was established by Mahapadma Nanda. 3. Shishunaga dynasty annexed the kingdom of A van ti. 4. Invasion of north-west India by Alexander the GreatWhich of the following codes is correctly given below?
- A1-2-3-4
- B2-1-3-4
- C1-3-2-4
- D2-3-1-4
Answer: (C) 1-3-2-4
Explanation
Option c is the correct correct Chronological order of events 1: The immediate successor of Ajatasatru was king of the Magadha empire who ruled from around to 440 BCE. He laid the foundation of the new pataliputra situated at the confluence of the two river, and the 3: The Shishunaga dynasty ruled over Magadha BCE to 345 BCE. The founder of the dynasty, said to have defeated the king of Avanti and made it of the Magadhan 2: Mahapadma Nanda conquered the in Magadha and established the Nanda 345 BCE. It lasted upto 321 BC. Mahapadma Nanda, to have come from a low-caste 4: The invasion of north-west India by Alexander and the defeat of King Porus happened in 326 makes it the last event in the chronology
#52Practice set
Consider the following statements with reference to 'mahajanapadas' in ancient India: 1. The Pali canon refers to agara' which was a fortress or town. 2. 'Nigamas' were the market towns.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBothl and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Option d is the correct 1 is correct: The Pali canon refers to of urban me ant a town or city, often associated with was a fortress or town. These centres political functions of the Pura and the of the Nigama. Kings, merchants and in these cities Statement 2 is correct: Nigama refered to a market between a gama and nagara in terms of size complexity, and was frequently associated activities
#53Practice set
Consider the following pairs: 1. Karmakara Peasants 2. Krsaka Hired labourers 3. Rajjugahaka Officials who measured the agricultural landHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation
Option a is the correct I is incorrect: Karmakara means hired 2 is incorrect: Krsaka means peasants who paid the 3 is correct: Survey of the agricultural land was an official called Rajjugahaka
#54Practice set
Which among the following were major cities during the Mahajanapadas? 1. Kausambi 2. Kushinara 3. Shravasti 4. KalingaSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A1, 2 and 3 only
- B2 and 4 only
- C2, 3 and 4 only
- D1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct I is correct: The Vatsa country had a of government. Its capital was Kausambi the village of Kosam, 38 miles from a very prosperous city was the most pot of goods and passengers from the south and 2 is correct: The territory of the Mallas, a divided into two parts, each having its own capital. capital cities were Kushinara (identified with Kasia Gorakhpur district), and Pava (modern 3 is correct: Ayoclhya, Saketa and Shravasti important Kosalan 4 is incorrect: Kalinga was not the part
#55Practice set
Which of the following statements regarding Revenue Administration described in the Arthashastra is/ are correct? 1. The Panyadhyaksha was the superintendent of commerce. 2. Collection of taxes was the responsibility of Lohadhyaksha.Select the correct option using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBothl and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct 1 is con-ect; Kautilya.Arthasastra state supervision and control of trade. The and the framing of the commercial policy state is entrusted to the Panyadhyaksha or the Trade. He was the superintendent of commerce. He charge of the control of supply, sale and purchase o 4 2 is incorrect: Sulkadhhyaksha was the officer of collection of taxes. Trade was an important revenue for the in the centres where goods were looked after by a host of superintendents like Sattvarnika etc
#56Practice set
Which of the following statements regarding Asokan inscription i.s/ are correct? l I 1. The Sannati rock edict complex has an inscribed rock image of Asoka. 2. Dhauli and Jaugada are the sites of Asoka's Kalinga rock edicts. 3. The Shahbazgarhi Inscription is the only major rock edict of Asoka outside of modern day India.Select the correct option using the code given below
- A1 and 2 only (6) 2 and 3 only
- B1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
- C1 and. 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3 150
Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only (6) 2 and 3 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct I is correct: At the site of the Sannati major in Gulbarga district of Karnataka, a nearby the only surviving engraved rock portrait of shows Asoka sitting on his 2 is correct: Apart from the regular series major rock edicts, Asoka had commissioned 2 rock edicts known as the Kalinga Major Edicts. installed in the newly conquered territory of Dhauli and Jaugada, after the Kalinga war. They are elsewhere in the Indian 3 is incorrect: Two other major rock at Mansehra in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Kandahar, Afghanistan, are also present outside boundary of modern day India. However, included in the peripheral areas under Mauryan ancient times
#57Practice set
Which of the following was/we re the Mahajanapadas in An.dent India? 1. Matsya 2. Chedi 3. Lichchhavi 4. SakyaSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A1, 2 and. 3 only
- B2, 3 and 4 only
- C1 and 2 only
- D3 and 4 only
Answer: (C) 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Option c is the correct Mahajanapada period is between to 325 was a total of 16 Mahajanapada. Matsya mahajanapada.was in today's Rajasthan state in areas around Alwar, Jaipur and Bharatpur. Its capital was Viratnagar. Chedi mahajanapada was in today's Bundelkhand area and its capital was at Shaktimati. Licchavi was an ancient republic which existed in Kathmandu, Nepal. The Sakyas were a clan in ancient India. They had their independent republican state Sakya Ganrajya. Its capital was at Kapilavastu. Gautam Buddha belongs to the Sakya clan. He is called Sakhya Muni "Sage of the Sakyas"
#58Practice set
Consider the following statements:l. Kosalas were ruling Magadha when Alexander invaded India. 2. Battle of the Hydaspes was fought between Alexander and King Ambhi of Taxila. 3. King Ambhi and Porns put up a joint front against Alexander and ended his Indian conquest. Hovv many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (D) None
Explanation
Option d is the correct l is incorrect: Nanda dynasty ruled when Alexander invaded 2 is incorrect: The Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC between Alexander the Great and of the Paurava kingdom on the banks of the in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. resulted in a Greek victory and the surrender 3 is incorrect: King A.mbhi and Porus did up a joint front against submitted to Alexander, whereas Porus was the Battie of the Hydaspes
#59Practice set
Consider the following statements about the king Asoka's policy of 1. 13th Major Rock Edict attest that Asoka considered victory by dhamma to be the foremost victory. 2. Asoka appointed special officers named 'rajukas' to spread the message of dhamma. 3. The main objective of Asoka's 'dhamma' was to maintain social order.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct 1 is correct: In 13 th Major Rock Edict, it that the Beloved of the Gods considers victory to be the foremost victory. After the Kalinga adopted the policy of dhammaghosha i.e., in place of the policy of bherighosha i.e., 2 is incorrect: Special officers, known as were appointed by Asoka to spread the were responsible for the administration of justice 3 is correct: Asoka's dharma was not a It cannot be regarded as a sectarian faith. objective of Asoka's dhamma was to preserve Its principles were simple and universally teachings were meant to strengthen institution of the existing social classes
#60Practice set
Consider the following pairs regarding the different types of chiefdoms in the Sangam age: 1. Vendar They were Headmans of the villages. 2. Velir They were mostly the chiefs areas. 3. Kizhar They were the biggest chief who controlled Vendar and VelirHow many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAllthree
- DNone
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation
Option a is the correct answe to Sangam literature, there were three of chiefdoms in Tamilazam. They were of the and vendar categories of chiefs. I, Pair 1 is incorrect: Vendar are the biggest category of chieftains (not the village headman). These chiefs over peoples of larger areas. They had several like velir and kizhar under their service and to them. An example of vendar is the 2 is correct: The velir or bigger chiefs were chieftains, though they controlled lowlands too. chief were mostly hunter chiefs, vetar-koman or kuravar koman or nedu vettuvan. Vetar, kuravar and vettuvar major clansmen of the hills dominated by the 3 is incorrect: The Kizhar or little chiefs were small villages (Ur) (not the biggest chiefs), by kinship. They are referred to by being the name of their respective villages, an example They were subjugated by the bigger had to serve them in their campaigns
#61Practice set
Consider the following statements with reference to society during Sangam age: 1. Early Sangam people were primarily pastoralist 2. Women were generally associated with household works and did not participate in other major economic activities. 3. The practice of Sati was prevalent in Sangam society. 4. The concept of Varna was unknown to the people of the Sangam age.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- COnly three
- DAll four
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option bis the correct I is narrative and didactic texts literature suggest several stages of social show that the early Sangam people were 2 is incorrect: Women were actively engaged production. Women are described as engaged economic activities such as paddy plantation, basket-making, spinning, 3 is correct: The cruel practice of Sati was in Tamil society, and it was known as it was not obligatory as there are references to in society. However, their position was miserable were prohibited to decorate themselves or participate form of 4 is incorrect: The Concept of Varna was the people of Sangam age. Though the concept of known, social classes in the Sangam period were by higher or lower rankings as in north India. Brahmans were present in the society and Vedic ceremonies and sacrifices and also advisers to the chief but they enjoyed no special to North India
#62Practice set
Consider the following statements with reference to the Economy in Sangam period: 1. This period saw flourishing trade with Rome due to the discovery of the monsoon. 2. During this period, the barter system of exchange was followed due to complete absence of coins. 3. Umanar were salt merchants who traveied in bullock carts along with their families for trade activities.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct answer. Statement I is correct: The most important feature of economy was flourishing trade with the It is confirmed by the recovery of a large Roman gold coins in south India. The discovery and the use of a land and sea route coasts and the western world was the main the growth of this 2 is incorrect: In trade, barter system was vogue (very popular), though coins were also in coins circulated as 3 is correct: Salt merchants called in bullock carts along with their families for Important Tips Commodities from Tamilakam had a great demand in Rome.Black pepper, cardamom, pearls and gemstones, especially Beryl which was mined from sites in Kodumanal, Padiym and Vaniyampadi, were highly sought after in Rome
#63Practice set
In Tamil poetry, there is a description of five ecological-zones or Tinai. In this context, consider the following statements: 1. Kurinji is a hill area, dominated by hunting and gathering activities. 2. Palai is the pastoral tract, where the major activity was animal rearing. 3. Mullai is an arid area 4. Neytal is the seacoast, dominated by fishing.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- COnly three
- DAll four
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct ancient Tamils had divided the Tamil country into ecological zones, with each zone having its own characteristics Each zone with its distinct characteristics are the wetland or riverine zone, where the plough agric ultu re. Indra was the god of this re l is The Kurinji landscape was or hiil zone. The people who lived in are called kuravan. Hunting and gathering was the here. Muruga was the God of 2 is incorrect: Palai the dry, semi-arid zone As such there is no desert land in the ancient Tamil landscapes of Kurinji and Mullai, during the dry in the tirne of rain failure, became parched and the formation of Palai land. Korravai was the goddess 3 is in correct: Mullai was the pastoral lived in this region and animal husbandry main occupation. Vishnu was the God of this con-ect: The Neytal was coastai zone. who lived here were known as Paratavars. the God of this reg
#64Practice set
With reference to Tolkappiyam, consider the following statements: 1. Vellalar was the ruling class during the Sangam age. 2. Arasar were the agriculturalists during the Sangam age. 3. Vanigar carried on trade and commerce during the Sangam age.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone - Pract
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation
Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. The ruling class was called played a significant role in the Sangam polity 2 is incorrect. The vellalas were the Sangam 3 is correct. Vanigars carried on trade activity during the Sangam age. Important Tips Tolkappiyam also refers to four castes namely arasar, anthanar, vanigar and vellalar. Other tribal groups like Parathavar, Panar, Eyinar, Kadambar, Maravar and Pulaiyar were also found in the Sangam society. Ancient primitive tribes like Thodas, Irulas, Nagas and Vedars lived in this period
#65Practice set
Which of the following were the main items of export for the kingdoms of South during the Sangam age? 1. Cinnamon 2. Horses 3. Ivory products 4. Sweet wineSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A1, 2 and 3 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Option c is the correct the Sangam age, external trade was carried India and the Greek kingdoms. The main exports of age were cotton fabrics, spices like pepper, cinnamon and turmeric, ivory products, precious stones. Gold, horses and sweet wine were imports
#66Practice set
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the political and economic conditions during the Sangam Age? 1. The roads and highways were well guarded to prevent robbery and smuggling. 2. Chariots were not known to the Sangam rulers. 3. Sangam dynasties did not impose custom duties on foreign trade. icebookSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
- A1 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct 1 is correct. During the Sangam period, the highways were well maintained and guarded night to prevent robbery and smuggling Statement 2 is incorrect. The military administration organized during the Sangam Age. Each ruler regular army and their respec tive Kodimaram The army consisted of chariots driven by and 3 is incorrect. Land revenue was the chief income for. State during the Sangam age while was also hnposed on foreign trade. The to the custom officials employed in the seaport
#67Practice set
'His brother wrote one of the 'Twin Epics' of the Tamil literature. He crossed the Ganga and took an expedition to the Himalayas. He introduced the Pattini cult or the worship of Kannagi.' The above lines refer to
- AKarikala
- BSenguttuvan
- CNeduncheliyan I
- DKuttuvan
Answer: (B) Senguttuvan
Explanation
Option b is the correct Senguttu.van was a Chera ruler who 2nd century A.D. His younger brother was the of are considered as the 'Twin Epics' 'f,unil literature. Among his military achievements, to the Himalayas was remarkable. He north Indian monarchs. Senguttuvan introduced cult or the worship of Kannagi as the ideal wife Nadu. The stone for making the idol of Kannagi by him after his I-limalayan expedition
#68Practice set
With reference to the Topographic features and the associated emotions that are mentioned in the Sangam literature, consider the following pairs:l. Palai Frustrating journey of the lovers 'i 2. Mullai Physical and emotional union 3. Marutam Lover's meeting pointHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct topographical related emotional Tenai's in these be described as below: Pair 1 is Palai (The Signifying a lovers correct Waste land) frustrating journey through the deserted landscape Pair 2 is Mullai (The Signifying happiness correct Forest) through physical and emotional union. Pair 3 is Marutam Signifying a lover's incorrect (The Low unfaithful attitude. land) Important Tips The emotions that were portrayed in Sangam poetry were expressed through physical geography. They are called Tenai. They form in the prosody analysis in the third section of the Tolkappiyam
#69Practice set
Kamba Ramayana by Kamban is an Epical tradition of South India. It includes the retelling and reconstruction of the story of Ramayana during later period. It includes the adaptation of the ideas that were found in original Ramayana and the incorporation of newer ideas with time. It was written in which of the following language?
- ATelugu
- BMalayalam
- CTamil
- DKannada
Answer: (C) Tamil
Explanation
Option c is the correct Kamba Ramayana was a Tamil epical tradition that in 10th c. AD. It was written by Kamban. It later retelling of the Ramayana by Kamban. It means the permeability of ideas and cross migration ideas through time to be adapted in later period. It reconstructed form of Ramayana at a later date. It may a newer form/genre
#70Practice set
With reference to Sakas, consider the following statements: 1. They ruled over a large region extending from Afghanistan to Kalinga region of India. 2. They introduced Satrap system of government in India. 3. The first ever lengthy inscription in chaste Sanskrit was issued under a Saka ruler ookHow many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect Sakas ruled over the region western and northwestern region. One believed to have settled in Afghanistan. Another line Sakas settled in Punjab with Taxila as the capital. another that ruled from Mathura. A fourth branch that which established itself in Western and Central where they continued their rule till about the 2 is correct: The Sakas along with the the Satrap system of government. Under the kingdom was divided into provinces each military governor called Mabakshatrapa or great with lower status were called Kshatrapas These governors issued their own inscriptions their own 3 is correct: Rudradaman of Saka dynasty ever lengthy inscription to be written in Sanskrit. inscriptions in this country were issued in Prakrit. It that Rudradaman patronized Sanskrit Important Tips Indo-Scythians also called Sakas were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples o
#71Practice set
With reference to the contacts between Central Asia and India during 200 BC to 300 CE, consider the following statements: 1. The trade between Central Asia and India led to the emergence of the old Silk Route. 2. The Indo-Greeks introduced the practice of military governorship in administration. 3. The use of blue glaze on pottery was introduced in India by Sak.as and Kushans.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option bis the correct impact of Central Asian political domination and north western parts of India by rulers outside led to the development of trade, technology, etc. Statement I is correct. Trade contacts with already existing but now Central Asia also opened trade with new routes. One of these routes became the old Silk Route. Traders of different ethnic trading stations and colonies from which erchants operated. Examples of such places are Khotan Miran, 2 is correct. The Indo-Greeks also intro practice of military governorship and the called strategos/satraps. They were important the power of the rulers over the and for blocking invasions from the north 3 is incorrect. The red pottery techniques used in Central Asia, and were replicated in the too. The typical pottery of this period was both plain and polished with medium to fine fabric. Important Tips Blue glaze on pottery is an im
#72Practice set
With reference to the trade and commerce in ancient Indian History, the terms like Barygaza, Su.para and Kalyan are
- ATaxes and Customs
- BPorts for transmarine commerce
- CInterest charged by moneylenders
- DGuild system of traders
Answer: (B) Ports for transmarine commerce
Explanation
Option b is the correct context of Ancient Indian History, Barygaza, Supara were the important ports oftransmarine third century BC. In the 3rd century, Bharuch port in Gujarat was mentioned as Barugaza. It was known to the Greeks and Romans as Barygaza, and probably had a settlement of Greek traders Sopara was an ancient port town and the capital of the ancient Aparanta, located near the present-day Nala Sopara (near Mumbai). In ancient times, it was the largest township on India's west coast, trading with Mesopotamia, Egypt, Cochin, Arabia and Eastern Africa. Kalyan was once famous as a port in ancient times. Records of its existence as a port in the region have been found in ancient Greek manuscripts. The corporation is governed by Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act 1949
#73Practice set
With to the Dharamshasbras, consider the following statements: 1. It assigned different ranks to different groups. 2. It allowed the varnas to adopt the profession not assigned to them during periods of distress.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 or 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: The Dharmasastras assign different ranks to different groups of craftsmen, although in their scheme the craftsmen and artisans held a status lower than that of the brahmanas, kshatriyas and vaisyas. Although the system of caste was not really so simple, generally the trend among the craftsmen was that persons following one craft formed a jati or a caste. The Dhannasastras suggest that each group of craftsmen formed a jati or caste. For example, the Kumbhakaras or potters formed one caste, the Suvarnakaras or goldsmiths formed another caste and so on. Statement 2 is correct: The Dhannasastras speak of apadhanna or conduct to be followed during periods of distress. This means that the varnas take to professions and duties not assigned to them when they found it necessary to do so I 28. Solution: (c) Exp) Option c is the correct answer
#74Practice set
Consider the following statements: 1. The political system of a confederation of chieftains known as Kshatrapas was a feature under Saka rule. 2. The chieftains and governors under the Kshatrapas system was under the strict regulatory control of the rulers. 3. The assertion of independence by these chieftains and governors led to waning of Saka power in India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct 1 is correct: The provincial governors known and Mahakshatrapas who were appointed Saka king. The political system as it emerges appears a confederation of clan) chieftains headed Saka 2 is incorrect: The chieftains and governors have exercised a considerable degree of autonomy within such a system. They were not under control of the King, but were relatively independent Statement 3 is correct: The assertion of independence by kshatrapas led to the waning of Saka power. It was of considerable degree of autonomy or by these chieftains and governors that led them the authority of the King
#75Practice set
Consider the following statement with reference to development of branch of medicine in ancient India: 1. Charaka samhita is like an encyclopaedia of Indian medicine. 2. Sushruta samhita mentions different types of implements used in surgery.Which of the statement given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2 3 7
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct l is correct. Charakaa's charaka samhita is encyclopaedia of Indian medicine. It describes of fever, leprosy, hysteria and tuberculosis. It names oflarge number of plants and herbs were used as 2 is correct. In sushruta samhita of sushruta description of method of operating on cataracts, and several other ailments He mentions as many implements to he used for o o k
#76Practice set
Which of the following information provided by Jrmagarh inscription is/arc correct abmut the famous Shakas ruler Rudradaman-H l. He undertook efforts to repair Sudarshan lake in Kathiawar. 2. He issued the first ever long inscription in chaste Sanskrit. 3. He got defeated by Satvahana ruler Gautamiputra satakarniSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B1 and 2 only
- C1 and. 3 only
- D3 only
Answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Rudraman-I undertook efforts Sudarshan lake in Kathiawar. This lake had been for irrigation for a long 2 is correct. Rudraman-I was a great lover He issued the first ever long inscription in 3 is incorrect. Rudraman-I twice satkarni but did not destroy them matrimonial alliances
#77Practice set
With respect to the accounts of Hsuan Tsang, which of the following statements is/ are incorrect? 1. Shudras lived outside the villages. 2. Prayag and Kanauj lost their importance to Patliputra and Vaishali.Select the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect. The untouchables lived villages, and ate garlic and onion, and when they town they announced their entry by shouting loudly The shudras lived inside the villages. Hsuan Tsang calls as 2 is incorrect. Hsuan Tsang's account shows was in a state of decline, as was Vaishali. other hand, Prayag and Kanauj in the doab had
#78Practice set
With reference to the history of South India, consider the following pairs: 1. Muttaiyal Obligatory labour services to be provided to state officials 2. Paraicheri Socially segregated groups considered ritually impure. 3. Netta} brokerage fee levied on middlemen of the trade.How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (C) All three
Explanation
Option c is the correct Maratha government divided their kingdom into and appointed an officer to head the prant known as J sarkarkun, He was the officer of the level of the council of ministers of Chhatrapati Shivaji. Important Tips Under Marathas, the tankha is a type of settlement. It is a permanent standard assessment for each village. The revenue collectors were commonly designated as kainavisdars or mamlatdars. Under the Maratha empire, there were two types of tenants first one is a Mirasdars a resident cultivator with hereditary rights of occupancy and a second one is Uparis, a temporary cultivator. 10. Solution: (c) Exp) Option c is the correct answer. Option 1 is correct: During this period of 18th century, the Widows belonging to higher castes were not allowed to remarry, though in some regions and in some castes it was common. For example, among the non-brahmins of Maharashtra
#79Practice set
Which of the following reasons were responsible for multiple foreign invasions on India during medieval period? 1. Religious zeal to expand Islam 2. To plunder economic wealth of India 3. To have political control over the fertile plains of IndiaSelect the correct answer using the options given below
- A1 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C2 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Option d is the correct 1 is correct: The religious zeal of the Arabs, to extend the empire and the allurement of conquest were primary reasons of Arab attack in 711 A.D. Muhammad and captured Sindh in 712 A.D. In 713 A.D. Multan as 2 is correct: Timur (1398-1 399 A.D.) his objectives for attacking India. The one was against and destroy the infidels, and the other was their wealth. Indian wealth had always attracted invaders from Greek invasion to British period Statement 3 is correct: Foreign invaders especially Mongols wanted to control the fertile plains of would have provided them with the constant source It would have helped them to extend their Persia to Indian sub -continent. Important Tips The credit of establishing the Muslim rule in India went to the Turks. They proved more fanatic in their religious zeal as compared to the Persians and the Arabs. They also believed in the supe
#80Practice set
With reference to the revenue administration of Hindu kingdoms/states in Medieval India, consider the following statements 1. Agriculturalists were compelled to surrender a part of their produce as tax. 2. Vetti was a type of taxation in the form of forced labour.Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct l is correct: In medieval Hindu states, obtained from the producers - that is, peasants, cattle keepers, artisans - who were often persuaded or surrender part of what they produced. Sometimes claimed as "rent" due to a lord who asserted that the land. Revenue was also collected from 2 is correct: The inscriptions of the ruled in Tamil Nadu refer to more than 400 terms kinds of taxes. The most frequently is vetti, taken not in cash but in the form of and kadamai, or land revenue. There were also thatching the house, the use of a ladder to climb a cess on succession to family property, etc

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