UPSC Prelims PYQ › Ancient & Medieval › Art, Architecture & Culture

Art, Architecture & Culture — UPSC Prelims Ancient & Medieval previous year questions

66 solved previous year questions on Art, Architecture & Culture, papers from 1993 to 2022, drawn from State PCS, UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPPCS 2005
   Megaliths have been identified as
   • ACaves for hermits
   • BBurial sites
   • CTemple sites
   • DNone of the above
   Answer: (B) Burial sites
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct are large stones that have been used to structures or monuments, often for Some types of megalithic structures are menhirs, and stone circles, which are usually burials or tombs Megaliths have been found in of the world, including India, where they date back Neolithic and Early Iron Age periods. Important Tips Megaliths are found across the whole of India, but they are more common in central, southern and eastern Indfa. Some of the most important megalithic sites in India are: Adichanallur in Tamil Nadu, where more than 160 urns containing human skeletons and artefacts have been excavated. Thrissur in Kerala, where a large number of dolmens and menhirs have been discovered. Nagarjunakonda in Pradesh, where a complex of megalithic tombs and cairns dating back to the 1st millennium BCE have been found. Jaunapani in Maharashtra, where a group of 400 megaliths arrange

2. #2State PCS 2019
   Which of the following inscription reveals information about Silk Weavers Guild?
   • ADashpur Inscription
   • BPrayag Prashasti
   • CEran Inscription
   • DHathigumpha Inscription
   Answer: (A) Dashpur Inscription
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Mandasor Pillar Inscriptions or Dashpur Yashodharman are a set of Sanskrit inscriptions from 6th-century discovered at an archaeological site at of Sondani, about 4 kilometres south of in northwestern Madhya Pradesh, Dashpur inscription reveals information about weaver's guild that migrated from Lata Dasapura (Mandsaur). Some of them took np while those who kept to their original a guild and donated money for the temple. states that the guild was composed of 500 that they were well-versed in the art of weaving silk

3. #3Previous year
   Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? [Chhattisgarh P.CS. (Pre) 2008)
   • AHarappan Painted Grey Civilization Ware
   • BThe Kushans Gandhara School of Art
   • CThe Mughals Ajanta Paintings
   • DThe Marathas Pahari School of Painting
   Answer: (B) The Kushans Gandhara School of Art
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct 1 is incorrectly matched: The Painted Grey Ware with the middle and later Vedic period Iron Age in northern India. Harrapan civilization with Black and red 2 is correctly matched: The Kushans were the Gandhara School of Art. This school flourished Gandhara region, encompassing parts of and Pakistan. It produced sculptures and focused on Buddhist themes, blending Indian artistic elements, with iconic examples like Buddha 3 is incorrectly matched: The Ajanta back to ancient India (2nd century B.C.E. primarily depict themes from Buddhist stories created long before the Mughal era, by Vakatakas dynasty, known for its own distinct art, ruled medieval period in 4 is incorrectly matched: The Pahari School flourished in the hilly regions of northern during the Rajput and later Sikh periods, whereas l the Marathas were a distinct political power in a different area

4. #4UPSC CSE Prelims 1994
   The name of poet Kalidasa is mentioned in the
   • AAllahabad Pillar Inscription
   • BAihole Inscription
   • CAlapadu Grant
   • DHanumankonda Inscription
   Answer: (C) Alapadu Grant
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct answer. Statement I is correct: The Sun temple of Multan was a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Surya, the god of the sun. It was mentioned by several travelers and historians, such as }Iiuen Tsang, Abuzaiyid, Al-Masudi and Alberuni. Hiuen Tsang described the temple as very magnificent and profusely decorated, with a golden image of Surya adorned with precious gems. The temple was also a place of charity and pilgrimage, attracting devotees from all over India and beyond. Statement 2 is correct: The pilgrimage to Sambapur was associated with Sun worship, according to the Samba Purana, an ancient Hindu text dedicated to Surya. The Samba purana narrates the story of samba, a son of krishna cured by Lord Surya, from leprosy curse of sage Durvasa

5. #5JPSC 2021
   Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque and Arhai Din Ka Jhonpra are situated respectively at
   • ADelhi and Ajmer
   • BDelhi and Lahore
   • CAjmer and Delhi
   • DLahore and Ajmer
   Answer: (A) Delhi and Ajmer
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct answe Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque stands in Delhi, while Ka Jhonpra is situated in Ajmer. Important Tips The Quwwat-ul-Islam. Mo squ e in Delhi (built 1192- 1316) was sponsored by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk dynasty. It's famed for its victory tower, commemorating Muslim conquest. Once a Hindu-Jain temple, it was transformed into the mosque. The Quwat-ul- Islam mosque (comp let ed 1196), crafted from demolished temples, comprises red. sandstone, gray quartz, and white Din Ka Jhonpra, a historic mosque in Ajmer, among the country's oldest. Commissioned by Qutb ud -Din-Aibak in 1192 CE and designed by Abu He.li'at, it showrnses early Indo-Islamic enhanc ements followed in 1213 CE. by Hindu masons under Afghan supervisors, sq ue maintains original Indian elements, pillars

6. #6State PCS 2014
   The famous Hazara temple of Vijayanagara was built during the reign of
   • AKrishnadeva Raya
   • BDeva Raya-I
   • CDeva Raya-II
   • DHariharaa-I
   Answer: (C) Deva Raya-II
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Hazara Rama Temple was built in the early 15th Devaraya II. It was initially a simple structure sanctum, a pillared hall, and an ardha (half) it was later remodeled to include an open elegant pillars, enhancing its grandeur. Important Tips The Hazara Rama temple is literally translated as "a thousand Rama temple," indicating the abundance of heirlooms depicting the dominant deity, Rama. Its walls are adorned with carvings of the Ramayana, while the outer walls feature relics of Rama and Krishna, including parades of royal horses, elephants, servants, combatants, and dancing women celebrating the Dasara festival. These relics are among the most extensive found in India

7. #7UPSC CSE Prelims 2010
   are o.nly two known examples of cave paintings of the Gupta period in ancient India. One of these is paintings of Ajanta caves. Where are the other surviving examples of Gupta paintings?
   • ABagh caves
   • BElora caves
   • CLomas Rishi caves
   • DNasik caves
   Answer: (A) Bagh caves
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Bagh caves are a group of nine rock-cut in the Bagh town of Madhya Pradesh. They of th e Gupta period, depicting scenes from the Buddha and the Jataka tales. The paintings are similar and technique to the Ajanta caves, but are more damaged due to weathering and vandalism

8. #8UPSC CSE Prelims 1999
   The paintings of Abanindranath Tagore have dassified as
   • ARealistic
   • BSocialistic
   • CRevivalistic
   • DImpressionistic
   Answer: (C) Revivalistic
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Tagore's paintings have been revivalistic, which means that they aimed to revive the and traditional art forms of India and create a identity and pride. He painted various themes historical, mythological, religious, and literary well as landscapes, portraits and animals Some of hi paintings are "Bharat Mata", "The Passing of "Krishna Lila", "Ganesh Jan ani", and "Journey's End". Important Tips Famous Modern Painters of India: Raja Ravi Varma: He was one of the first Indian painters to use oil paints and realistic style. He painted scenes from Hindu mythology, history, and Uterature, as well as portraits of Indian royalty and nobility. I-Ie is regarded as the father of modern Indian art and the pioneer of Indian printing press. Some of his famous paintings are "Shakuntala", "Damayanti Talking to a Swan", "Lady with the Lamp", and "Galaxy of Musicians". Jamini Roy:

9. #9UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
   The rock-cut caves in western India are located in
   • ANasik, Ellora and Ajanta
   • BJunar, Kalyan and Pitalkhora
   • CAjanta, Bhaja and Kondane
   • DBhaja, Pitalkhora and Kondane
   Answer: (A) Nasik, Ellora and Ajanta
   Explanation

   Option a is the (A) is true: Turkish on re as various Turkish rulers, notably and his successors, established their dominance of North India. Their strategic military tactics, and the fragmented political landscape of their (R) is true: In the 11th lm d 12th centuries, experienced a lack of politkal cohesion; a of fragmented kingdoms among these were the Chahamanas (Chauhans) and Ajmer, the Galiadav'alas of Kannauj, the Delhi, the Rathors of Kanauj, and the Chalukyas each distinct rulers and pursuing is correct explanation of (A): The lack of in North India made it easier for the Turlcish conquer different regions since there was no. authority that could effectively resist The fragmented nature of political power in weakened the resistance against external thus facilitating the success of the Turkish campaigns

10. #10State PCS 2018
    Arrange the following ternpfos in chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given bd,nw: I. Brihadishwar temple II. Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple Shore temple of Mahabalipuram IV. Sapt pagoda Codes
    • AI, II, IV
    • BII, 1
    • CII, I, IV
    • DIV, I
    Answer: (D) IV, I
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct following temples were built in chronological order: Sapt pagoda: This is a group of seven pagodas or temples that were built along the shore of Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, by the Pallava kings in the 7th CE. Only one of them, the Shore Temple, has survived the ravages of time and nature. The other six are believed to have been submerged by the sea or eroded by the sand. Shore temple of Mahabalipuram: This is the same as the Sapt pagoda mentioned above. It was built by Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimh a, in the late 8th century CE. It is one of the oldest stone temples in South India and a fine example of Pallava art and architecture. Brihadishwar temple: This temple was built by Chola emperor Rajaraja I between 1003 and 1010 CE in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. It is one of the largest and most magnificent temples of South India and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

11. #11UPPCS 2013
    The 'Dakshinamurti' idol of Shiva him in which form?
    • ATeacher
    • BDancing
    • CReclining
    • DMeditating
    Answer: (A) Teacher
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct f m means "the one who face s south", and as a teacher of yoga, music, and wisdom. The idol shows him sitting under a banyan tree, right leg resting on a dwarf, who represents illusion. His right hand shows the chin mudra, "the gesture of consciousness", and signifies the the individual and the universal self. His left hari d fire pot, which represents the fire of knowledge that ignorance. Around him are four sages, who are and listen to his teachings

12. #12Previous year
    The Temple of Ehubaneswara and Puri was in: [. (Pre) 199'7
    • ANagara style
    • BDravidian styl e
    • CBesarc-tstyle
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (A) Nagara style
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct temples of Bhubaneswar and Puri in Odisha of the Nagara style of temple is prevalent in northern India. The Nagara style by a curvilinear shikhara or tower over or sanctum, a square or rectangular plan, and platform with steps leading up to it. The Nagara many regional variations, such as the Odisha features a vertical shikhara with a circular top, and or jagamohana with a pyramidal roof. Important Tips Dravidian style: It is characterized by towering entrance gateways known as "gopurams," pyramidal towers housing sanctums, elaborately carved pillars, and the abundant use of granite. Some examples of Dravidian temples are the Brihadeshwara temple in Thanjavur, the Meenakshi temple in Madurai, and the Kailashnath temple in Kanchipuram. Besara/Vesara style: It was flourished in the Deccan part of India. Also called the Hybridised style, it combines features of Nagar

13. #13UPSC CDS 2022
    Which of the following statements about sculptures at Sanchi is/are correct? 1. In some sculptures there is representation of Shalabhanjika. 2. The figure of Shalabhanjika is represented by a woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants. 3. The Shalabhanjika motif was not directly inspired by Buddhist ideas.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 3
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C2 only
    • D1 and 3 only
    Answer: (D) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct- Shalabhanjika is a common motif in Indian art and is often depicted as a female figure in a graceful pose. It is found in some of the sculptures at San chi. Statement 2 is incorrect- While the figure of Shalabhanjika is indeed represented by a woman, she is typically depicted as standing under a tree, holding a branch, and not necessarily surrounded by lotuses and elephants. Statement 3 is correct- The Shalabhanjika motif predates Buddhism and is found in various ancient Indian art forms, including Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu sculptures. It is a motif associated with fertility and abundance rather than being specific to Buddhist ideas

14. #14Previous year
    Which of the about visual culture in 18th and early 19th. century North. India is/are 1. Painters from Patna and l.Vturshidabad flocked to Calcutta and produced water colours in the English 2. Landscape and portraiture became extremely important at this time. 3. The artists Zayan-al-Din, Bhavvani Das and Ram Das were adopted by the English East India Company to produce albums of India birds and animals. 4. hile Indians were influenced by European artistic styles, Europeans artists did not visit regional courts.Select the correct answer using the codes given below: [CDS 2015
    • A1, 2 and 3
    • B2 and 3
    • C1, 3 and 4
    • DOnly 4
    Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct: Pai nters from Patna and Murshiclab cked to Calcutta and produced waterco lors in the de. During th e 18th and ea rly I 9th ce ntur th ere was of artists from various regions to Calcu tta, adopted the English mode of painting and 2 is correct: Land.scape and portraiture important at this time During this and portraiture gained significant impo r the visual culture of North India Artists focused ing natural scenery and depicting individuals thro 3 is correct: The artists Zayan-al-Din, and Ram Das were adopted by the English East to produce albums of Indian birds an d artists were indeed commissioned by the English Comp any to create albums depicting Indian birds als, showcasin g the rich fa una of the 4 is incorrect: While Indians were influ enced artistic styles, European artists also visited courts. European artists did visit regional cour North Ind

15. #15State PCS 2018
    Whkh of the about Temple h'la (i) The freestanding (rnortar lk stone) temples are supposed to have or.igi.nahxi in the Gupta period. (ii) Ladkhan which is one of the earliest te.rnpk belongs to Chalukya of Badarni. ( ) In Khajurnho temples, all the compartments of the temple are and externally. (iv) lashnath at Kanchi is the earliest fre es tanding temple of Drnvid style. Choose the correct answer
    • A(i), ( ) (iv)
    • B(i) (ii)
    • C(i), (ii) (iv)
    • D(i), (ii) ( )
    Answer: (D) (i), (ii) ( )
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct: Gupta period ( 4th-6th centuries considered as the golden age of Indian art and it witnessed the emergence of the first temples in India. These temples were built in style, which is characterized by a curvilinear over the sanctum, a pillare d hall (mandapa), vestibule (antarala) connecting them. Some examples temples are the Dashavatara temple at Deogarh, temple at Tigawa, and the Parvati temple at 2 is correct: Ladkhan temple is one of the temples and is located in the group of monuments in Karnataka. It was built by the Chalukya dynasty 6th century CE and dedicated to Shiva. The temple signs of following early timber models, such as a wooden pillars, and lattice 3 is correct: In Khajuraho temples, all of the temple are connected internally 4 is incorrect: Kailashnath temple at Kanchi the earliest freestanding temple of Dravid style. It is built arc

16. #16State PCS 2006
    Which of the following places is famous fo r Buddhist Cave Temples?
    • AElephanta
    • BNalanda
    • CAjanta
    • DKhajuraho
    Answer: (C) Ajanta
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct is one of the most famous and ancient sites of rock cut architecture in India, and a UNESCO World Ajanta has 29 caves that are renowned for their and sculptures of Buddhist themes, the 2nd century BCE and the 6th century CE. Important Tips Ajanta Caves: The Ajanta Caves are a group of 29 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments dating from the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE in the Aurangabad District of Maharashtra state in India The caves contain paintings and sculptures of Buddhist themes, depicting scenes from the life of Buddha, the Jataka tales, and the contemporary society and culture. The caves are divided into two phases

17. #17UPSC CDS 2015
    Which of the following about the musical culture in 18th and 19th centuries North India is/are not correct? 1. The period was marked by the growing eminence of Sadarang Neamat Khan who introduced the khyal form. 2. A large number of musicians move out of regional centres to Delhi where they hoped they would receive more employment and patronage. 3. The period was marked by the formation of specific region based gharanas.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • AOnly 1
    • B2 and 3
    • COnly 2
    • DAll of these
    Answer: (C) Only 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. 1 is correct: Sadarang Neamat Khan (also Khan or Nemat Khan) was a Hindustani and artist who lived in the 18th century. He with introducing and popularizing th e khyal fo r vocal music, which became the dominant genre of in North 2 is incorrect: A large number of not move out of regional centres to Delhi, but and patronage. This was because political and economic decline in the 18th and due to the weakening of the Mughal Empire, of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali, and of the British East India 3 is correct: A gharana (meaning "house" is a system of musical lineage or tradition its origin to a particular teacher or style. A characterized by distinctive features of interp retation, and pedagogy that are from generation to generation. The period of 18th centuries saw the formation of many gharanas music, especially in khyal singing

18. #18Practice set
    Arrange the following important stone age sites from north to south: 1. Bagor 2. Bhimbetka 3. Gudiyam Caves 4. ReniguntaSelect the correct answer from the options given below
    • A1-2-3-4
    • B1-2-4-3
    • C2-1-4-3
    • D2-1-3-4
    Answer: (B) 1-2-4-3
    Explanation

    Exp) Option b is the correct answer Option I. Bagor is a Mesolithic site located in Rajasthan. It is the largest Mesolithic site in India. One of the earliest evidences of domestication of animals and fire are found here: Option 2. The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are located in the foothills of the Vindhyan Mountains in central India (in Madhya Pradesh). Bll.imbeteka is a site that spans the prehistoric Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods. It is known for its cave paintings. Option 4. Renigunta located in Andhra Pradesh is a stone age site mostly of Upper Paleolithic age. Blade and burin industry is found here. Option 3. Gudiyam caves are rock shelters in the state of Tamil Nadu belonging mostly to the Paleolithic age

19. #19Practice set
    No seals depicting cows or horses have been found 2. All the seals had inscriptions on one side and an image on the other 3. The famous Pashupati seal depicts five types of animalsHow many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct are two major traditions of Indian classical are Carnatic music, a style associated with South Hindustani music, a style associated with North I is correct: Hindustani: A gharana comes when a consistent style and method of music playing musical instruments is passed on from to another over 3 or more generations. On hand, Carnatic Music created by Purandardasa has structure, and it doesn't give such flexibility as you in the Hindustani music, thus did not lead to creation 2 is incorrect: Both Khayal and Tarana are sub styles of Hindustani 3 is incorrect: One of the similarities and Classical music is that they both use Violin. Other Major Instruments used in are Tabla, Sarangi, Sitar and Santo or whereas and Mandolin were used in Carnatic music. Important Tips Khyal is usually the short songs ranging from two to eight lines and its origin was attributed to Amir Khu

20. #20Practice set
    With regard to the deities worshipped by the. Aryan tribes in the Rig Vedic period, which of the following statements are correct? 1. The Gods represented different forces of nature but also had human functions. 2. Female deities were not worshipped. 3. The dominant mode of worship was through ritual offerings at temples.Select the correct answer from the options given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is correct: Gods like Indra (rain), Agni (plants) etc. represented different forces of nature had human functions like Indra (breaker of (intermediary between gods and humans), etc Statement 2 is incorrect: Female deities like Aditi which represented dawn, were worshipped but important than male 3 is incorrect: The temple was not a The dominant mode of worship was and there are no evidences of temple building. were made in group prayers where usually tribe assembled around Solution: Option d is the correct later Vedic people were acquainted with 4 types Black-and-red ware, black-slipped ware, ware and red wal.'e. Painted Grey Ware was the of pottery associated with the people of the later Black and red ware was encountered by the people Later Vedic age when they moved towards eastern and north Bihar. Red or ochre coloured pottery with Later Vedic people settled

21. #21Practice set
    'Panar and Viraliyar' during the ancient period of Indian history were
    • AMilitary officials
    • BChiefs of craft guilds
    • CTraders
    • DSinging bards
    Answer: (D) Singing bards
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct the Sangam Age, the royal courts were crowded bards called and Viraliyar. Poetry, music were popular among the people of the Sangam donations,vere given to poets by the kings, nobles. They were experts in folk songs and folk arts of music and dancing were highly was the most popul ar entertainment of the people

22. #22Practice set
    With reference to the impact of contacts between Central Asia and India on religion, art Architecture during 200 BC to 300 CE, consider the following statements: 1. It led to the introduction of canal irrigation in India. 2. The use of burnt bricks for flooring and roofing was introduced in India. GUPTAS 3. It led to the introduction of use of the curtains in the Indian theatre.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct rulers coming from outside including the central between 200 BC to 300 CE known as phase introduced various new elements to agriculture, to administrative organization, to art sculpture and pottery, science and technology, Indian 1 is incorrect. Tughlags were first to irrigation in India. Barani in tarikh-i-Firozshahi that Ghiasuddin Tughlaq was the first ruler to of 2 is correct. The Saka-Kushana phase of an advance in building activities. the use of burnt bricks and tiles for and roofing. The period is also marked by of brick walls. Brick wells may also have during this 3 is correct. The Greeks contributed to of the Indian theatre by introducing the the curtain, which was called yavanika as an of theatre that plays an important role in the of theatre. The word javanika or yavanika even finds place in the Natyashastra by Bharata

23. #23Practice set
    With respect to the Solanki Rajputs of Gujarat, which of the following statements is/ are correct regarding Bhima I? lm, 1. He defeated Qutab-ud-din Aibak and stopped his expansion into Gujarat. 2. He built the Sun Temple in Modhera. 3. He built the famous Rani-Ki-Vav in Patan.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D2 and 3 only
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option his the correct Solanki Rajputs are also known as the Chalukya Gujarat, which was different from the earlier of Badami. It ruled parts of Gujarat and 10th century AD and 13th century 1 is incorrect Qutab-ud-din Aibak (1150 - was the contemporary of Bhima (1178-1240 was not the contemporary of Bhima I (1022-1064 2 is correct: Bhima I built the Sun temple (Mehsana, Gujarat). Modhera Sun Temple iri 1026-27 CE. This historical complex contains a known as the Ramakund, built in rectangular 108 shrines to various gods and 3 is incorrect: wife Udaymati built vav (Queen's step well) in his memory, which is list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. This in the town of Patan in Gujarat, India. It is the banks of the Saraswati River

24. #24Practice set
    Which of the following were newly emergent powers in central and west India after the 10th century? 1. Kalachuris in Tripuri 2. Chandellas in Khajuraho 3. Guhilas in Mewar 4. Paramaras in MalwaSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct post tenth century scene in Central and Western the rise of numerous these newly emergent powers in Central India one can include the Chandellas in Chauhans in Ajmer, the Paramaras in Maiwa, in Tripuri (near Jabalpur), the Gujarat, the Guhilas in Mewar and the Tomaras headquarters in modern Delhi. The different constructed their fortresses on a large-scale the numerous foci of bower. Certain amount marriages amongst some of these Rajput to wider areas of social and political activity

25. #25Practice set
    Consider the following statements about Malik Am bar, a popular name in the history of Medieval India: I. He was one of the important ministers in the court of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. 2. He developed, for the first time, a new system of land revenue called Zabti system.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is correct: Warli paintings have to the mural paintings of Bhimbetka Pradesh. These ritualistic paintings have a of a chaukat or chauk, which is surrounded by fishing, hunting, farming, dances, animals, 2 is correct: In Warli paintings, the base is a mixture of mud, branches and cow dung that gives it ochre colour. For painting only white pigment is is made of a mixture of gum and rice powder. paintings are usually done for auspicious 3 is incorrect: Traditionally, the paintings on the walls using very basic graphic a triangle, a circle and a square. Important Tips The name of the Warli painting comes from the people who have been carrying the painting tradition that goes back to 2500-3000 BC. They are called the Wadis, indigenous people that occupy mainly the border. These paintings use shapes which are inspired from nature, i.e. circle from sun or moon, triang

26. #26Practice set
    Which of the following is n.ot a prominent feature of Sculpture Ancient India?
    • AShiva is the central figure who is dancing on the figure of a small dwarf
    • BThe Nataraja is surrounded by a nimbus of glowing lights
    • CThe matted and flowing hair locks of the central figure represent the flow of wind
    • DUpper right hand holds the drum which signifies the sound of creation
    Answer: (C) The matted and flowing hair locks of the central figure represent the flow of wind
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct matted and flowing hair locks of Shiva represent of river Ganges and not of the flowing wind

27. #27Practice set
    Which among the following famous sculptures are found at the Ajanta caves? 1. Mahaparinirvana of Buddha 2. Naga King and his consort 3. Raavan ki KhaiSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D2 only
    Answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct prominent sculptures of Ajanta Caves are: (Option 2 are of Buddha in Cave No. King and his consort in Cave No. 3 is incorrect: Raavan ki Khai is a Caves. Cave 14 is called Ravan ki Khai because of of Ravana shaking Kailasa. This cave seems to be r dedicated to Shakti rship because there are a number deities in this cave temple

28. #28Practice set
    With reference to the Khajuraho Group of temples, consider the following statements: 1. It was built by the rulers of the Chalukya dynasty. 2. It is located in the Malwa plateau region of Madhya Pradesh. 3. These temples belong to both Hindu and Jain religions. 4. Chaturbhuja Temple here does not have any erotic sculpture.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 1 is incorrect: The temples at Khajuraho by the Chandela dynasty, which reached its 950 and 1050 2 is incorrect: The temple site is situated in region of Madhya Pradesh. Khajuraho is Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The temples for their Nagara-style architectural 3 is correct: These temples belong to religions - Hinduism and Jainism These built on relatively high platforms and currently, 20 temples remain Statement 4 is correct: Khajuraho temple are famous erotic sculptures. However, Chaturbhuja Temple is temple in Khajuraho that does not have a single The sculpture of Lord Vishnu that seems as if is about to step out and bless his devotees is a of this temple. Important Tips The Khajuraho group of temples feature Nagara-style architectural symbols. They are best known for the erotic sculptures that adorn the temple walls. These Temples got the status World

29. #29Practice set
    With reference to the features of the Vijayanagar Temple Architecture, consider the following statements: 1. Absence of the use of pillars. 2. Building of more than one mandaps in each temple. 3. Multiple gopurams in the temple. 4. Water tanks, called Pushkaranis, were attached to the temples.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire (1335-1565 great patrons of art and architecture with capital (Karnataka). They combined the features of Pandyas, Chalukyas architectural 1 is incorrect: Vijayanagar temple rock pillars. Odisha School of were developed in different parts of the In these, there was no use of pillars; instead, Iron girders to support the 2 is correct: One of the unique features temple architecture is building of more mandaps were built in each temple. The central to be known as kalyan 3 is correct: The notable feature of is of multiple gopurams in its temple. were previously present on the front side of the now built on all the 4 is correct: Pushkaranis are sacred water to temples of Vijayanagar period. For of the large temples in Hampi has a tank attached Also, Vittala Temple, Virupaksha Temple of Vijayan have water tanks associated with it. Import

30. #30Practice set
    With reference to Sun Temples of India, consider the following pairs:JS' 1. Konark Odisha 2. Modhera Chhattisgarh 3. Martand Uttarakhand 4. Unnao Balaji Madhya Pradesh 5. Surya Pahar AssamHow many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
    • AOnly two
    • BOnly three
    • COnly four
    • DAll five
    Answer: (B) Only three
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: Sun Temple Konark: It is a World located in the Indian state of Odisha. It is also one of the Seven of 2 is incorrect: Sun Temple Modhern: In the of Gujarat, it is situated on the banks of 3 is incorrect: Sun Temple Martand: It is situated Indian Union Territory of Jammu Kashmir. Temple is listed as the site of national importance in 4 is correct: Unnao Balaji Sun Temple: It is situated Datia district of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is its unique design and 5 is correct: Surya Pahar Assam: It is located in town of Assam and is considered as one of the archaeological site in the state

31. #31Practice set
    Which of the following statements is correct regarding Nagara style of temple architecture?
    • AIt was popular in Central and Southern India
    • BLatina, Phamsana and Valabhi style are its three subtypes based on the shikharas
    • CA pyramidal structure called Vimana is used at the top of the temple
    • DPresence of water tank and elaborate boundary walls around temple is an important feature of this style
    Answer: (B) Latina, Phamsana and Valabhi style are its three subtypes based on the shikharas
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct Phamsana and Valabhi style are three subtypes style based on the shikharas. Latina or of shikhara is square at base and has curvilinear style had a broader base and shorter in latina type. Whereas Valabhi style have rectangular roof rising into vaulted chambers. Important Tips Nagara style of temple architecture is popular in Northern India. This type of temple followed the panchayatan style of temple making and was built on an upraised platform with pillared approach. Presence of assembly halls or mandaps in front of garbhagriha and images of river goddess like Ganga and Yamuna are placed on walls of garbhgriha. Kandariya Mahadeo temple of Khajuraho is an example of this style of temple architecture. A pyramidal structure called Vimana is used at the top of the temple in southern India. It is a unique feature of Dravidian style. Whereas, Shikhara is used as a crow

32. #32Practice set
    Which reference to temple architecture in India, consider the following statements: 1. In Odisha School, mandapa and shikhara were known as j agmohan and deul respectively. 2. The theme of Solanki School was largely erotic in nature. 3. Khajuraho School of temple architecture was also known as maru-gujara style.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is correct: Nagara style of temple in different regions like in and Rajasthan etc. Odisha School usually walls and beautifully carved exterior walls. In mandapa and shikhara are known as jagmohan 2 is incorrect: The theme of Khajuraho school erotic in nature based on Kamasutra school evolved under the patronage of of Khajuraho during 900 AD to 1100 AD. developed on higher platform and panchayatan 3 is incorrect: Solanki school of was also known as maru-gujara style. developed under the patronage of Solanki rulers and Rajas than during 1100 AD to 1300 AD. It fundamentally different from Khajuraho and had like minute and lovely decorative carvings. and grey/black basalt are used for

33. #33Practice set
    With reference to the Group of Monuments at Pattadakal, consider the following statements: 1. They were built in the Vesara style of temple architecture. 2. Virupaksha Temple is located in 3. They only have Hindu temples with no presence of any other religious monuments.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is correct: The Group of Monuments was buit in Th-8 century C.E. under of Chalukya kings. The temples were built style of temple architectiue. It combined the both Nagara and Dravidian style of temple features are

34. #34Practice set
    Which of the following is/are the features of the Vijayanagara school of temple architecture? 1. Secular buildings were introduced inside the temple premises. 2. Indo-Islamic influence on the architecture. 3. Gopurams were built on all sides of the complex.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct: The rulers of the (1335-1565 C.E.) combined the features of Pandyas, Chalukyas architectural of Monuments at Hampi is a prime example of The concept of secular buildings inside premises was introduced during the For example, Lotus 2 is correct: Under this school of buildings began to be influenced by the style. For example, many features of -Islamic architecture can be found in 3 is correct: Under this school, the uge gateways) were constructed on all sides of Earlier they were constructed only on the Important Tips Some other features are - The walls of the temples were highly decorated with carvings and geometrical pattern Monolithic rock pillars can be seen. The enclosing walls also were larger. Temple pillars had a mythical creature Yali engraved in them. More than one mandapas were built in each temple The central mandap came to be known as kaly

35. #35Practice set
    In the context of the Hoysala temple consider the following statements: 1. There are known for minimal iconography on the walls of the temples. 2. It used black granite as the primary building material.Which of the statements given below is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Bijapur style or the Deccan architecture developed under the patronage of He constructed a number of mosques, tombs which were unique in the use of 3-arched bulbous dome, and were almost spherical with a 2 is incorrect. The Bengal school of characterised by its use of bricks and black mosques built during this period continued the use 'Bangla roof which was previously used for 3 is incorrect. A unique feature of was the use of the concept of hanging which were constructed in all shapes and sizes. Important Tips Adil Shah introduced the use of cornices. A special feature of the Bijapur School was the treatment of its ceilings, which were without any apparent support. Iron clamps and a strong plaster of mortar were used to give strength to the buildings. The walls were decorated by rich carvings

36. #36Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Murugan Temple situated in Australia is a famous temple of Hindus. 2. Prambanan is a Hindu temple in Cambodia is dedicated to Lord Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu. 3. Radha Madhav Dham is the largest Hindu temple in North America.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is correct. Murugan Temple situated on Hills of New South Wales of Sydney, Australia is temple of Hindus. Lord Murugan is the Lord He is also known as the Lord of the hill region abode is usually located on hills. In Sydney, the deity known as the 'Sydney Murugan'. The temple of Sydney was built by Tamils residing in Australia. It is of by a Hindu society called 'Saiva Man 2 is incorrect. 'Prambanan' is a Hindu temple Java, Indonesia containing idols of Lord Shiva, and Lord Vishnu. It is the largest Hindu temple Indonesia and one of the biggest one in Southeast 3 is correct. Radha Madhav Dham'or is the temple of Lord Krishna. It is the oldest in Texas and the largest in North America. It is of the largest Hindu temple complexes in the temple was built as a representation holy land of Braj in India where Radha and Krishna to h ave lived years ago

37. #37Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Chola Architecture: 1. A tall curving shikhara crowned by a large amalaka is a signature style of the Chola temple architecture. 2. Chola temple architecture largely followed star -like ground-plans and a profusion of decorative carvings. 3. The Brihadeeswarar temple at Tanjavur is a masterpiece of Chola architecture.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone ii t ii 1 7 4
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct great Cholas established a powerful monarchy in the at Thanjavur and in its 1 is incorrect: The style of the sculptures period between the ninth and eleventh centuries (including Bangladesh) and Bihar is known as style. A tall curving shikhara crowned by a is a feature of the early Pala 2 is incorrect: Hoysala temples are hybrid or vesara as their unique style seems Dravida nor nagara, but somewhere in are easily distinguishable from other medieval their highly original star -like ground -plans and of decorative carvings. It is not a feature of 3 is correct: The Brihadeeswarar temple marks the greatest achievement of the It is known in the inscriptions as Dakshina construction of this temple was inaugurated by the Rajaraja I. The temple walls are embellished and exquisite mural Solution: Option a is the correct Mughals were great patrons of art and them, architect

38. #38Practice set
    Consider the following description:(c) Malwa School "This structure is located in Delhi. It was ( d) Bijapur School constructed in the early 12th century and With respect to Bijapur School of is one of the earliest examples of Islamic architecture, which of the following architecture in India. Its construction was statements is/are incorrect? begun by Qutub-ud-din Aibak. It is notable 1. Use of 3-arched facade was unique feature for its striking blend of Islamic and Hindu architectural styles, as well as for its intricately of this school. carved pillars and arches. Its vast courtyard is 2. It was known for its ceilings which were surrounded by a made without any apparent support. Which among the following have been 3. Char Minar is the most prominent described above? structure of this school
    • AJamali-Kamal.i Mosque
    • BJama Masjid below
    • CKhirki Masjid (a) 1 only
    • DMosque (b) 1 and 2 only
    Answer: (D) Mosque (b) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Mosque is in Delhi, India. It in the early 12th century and is one of examples of Islamic architecture in India. was built by the Islamic conqueror Qutub The mosque's name, Quwwat-ul-Islam, means Islam" in Arabic. The mosque is notable for its oflslamic and Hindu architectural styles, as well as intricately carved pillars and arches. The mosque's is surrounded by a a is incorrect: Jamali-Kamali Mosque was 1528 and 1536 by Shaikh Fazl al-Allah, also known Khan Jalali or Jamali. It is located in the complex in Mehrauli, Delhi. Option h,is incorrect: Jama Masjid was built by the Shah Jahan between 1650 and 1656. It is located c is incorrect: Khirki Masjid was built by Khan-i-Jahan Junan Shah, the prime minister Shah Tughlaq. It is also located in Delhi Tips The Iron Pillar of height, situa.t ed in the courtyard of the Quwwat-ul-Islam (Might of Islam) Mosque is dated

39. #39Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. They used the concept of hanging balcony also known as jharokha. 2. The cornices were built in the shape of an arch such that the shadow took the shape of a bow. The above statements are associated withwhich one of the following styles of medieval period architecture?
    • AMughal Architecture
    • BKashmiri Architecture
    • CRajput Architecture
    • DAwadh Architecture
    Answer: (C) Rajput Architecture
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Rajput architecture of the period were influenced Mughal style, but were unique in size and scope of They generally undertook the building palaces and of the unique features of Rajput architecture are l l 1 m.Fonm They used the concept of hanging balcony (jharokha), which were constructed in all shapes and sizes. The cornices were built in the shape of an arch such that the shadow took the shape of a bow. Important Tips Mughal architecture: The Mughals were great patrons of art and architecture. Some of its features are 'Arcuate' style of architecture, use of minars, use calligraphy as means of decoration, gardens inside the fort are built using the Charbagh style etc. Kashmiri Architecture: The main features of Kashmir style of architecture are: Trefoil arches (Gandhara influence) Cellular layout and enclosed courtyard Straight -edged pyramidal roof Column walls

40. #40Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Malwa School of Architecture: 1. The most prominent feature of the buildings was the use of different colored stones and marbles. 2. 'Baulis' or artificial reservoirs were constructed in the premises of the buildings storage of water. 3. It was one of the finest specimens of environmental adaptation of the period due to usage of techniques of keeping buildings coo] during harsh summer heat. 4. Th e nwjority of the material used in the of the buildings were irnponed from Afghanistan and present day Ira n.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct I is correct: The most prominent feature of here was the use of different colored stones The buildings had large windows, which could be of Europe an influence and were decorated by of arches and pillars. Even the stairs were used to aesthetics of the construction. However, minars were in this school of 2 is con-ect: Artificial reservoirs known as 'baul constructed in the premises for storage of water. This was the unique feature of Malwa School of Architecture point of 3 is correct: The Mahva School of known as the Pathan School of Architecture is also the finest specimens of environmental adaptation of because of the following features: The use of made the buildings and roonts well -ventilated. were lightly arched which made them airy the buildings to remain cool during the 4 is incorrect: In Malwa School of available materials were used. The majority of used in

More Ancient & Medieval topics