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Mughal Empire — UPSC Prelims Ancient & Medieval previous year questions

45 solved previous year questions on Mughal Empire, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from UPPCS, State PCS, CGPSC. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1Previous year
   First Muslim invader in India was- [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002)
   • AQutbuddin Aybak
   • BMuhammad Ghazni
   • CMuhammad-Bin-Qasim
   • DMuhammad Ghori
   Answer: (B) Muhammad Ghazni
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Masjid is a mosque located in the (Old Fort) in Delhi, India. It was built by Sher in 1541. The mosque is a single-aisled structure courtyard. The mihrab (prayer niche) is made of and is decorated with intricate carvings. Important Tips Moti Masjid located in the Agra Fort, India. H was built by Shah Jahan in 1653. The mosque is a square structure with a single dome. The mihrab is made of white marble and is decorated with intricate carvings. Jama Masjid is a mosque located in Old Delhi, India. It is the largest in India and one of the largest mosques in the world. It was built by Shah Jahan in 1656. The mosque is a red sandstone structure with three large domes and four minarets. Rang Mahal is a palace located in the Red Fort in Delhi, India. It was built by Shah Jahan in 1637. The palace is a two-story structure with a red sandstone exterior and a white marble i

2. #2Previous year
   Coins of which Muslim ruler bear an image of Devi Lakshmi? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006)
   • AMuhammad Ghori
   • BAlauddin Khalji
   • CAkbar
   • DNone of the above
   Answer: (A) Muhammad Ghori
   Explanation

   7 -" bear an image of his victory over Prithviraj Chauhan in the J Battle of Tarain, Muhammad Ghori minted coins s _ an image of Lakshmi on the obverse, and on the reverse, a horseman with the legend "Muhammad Bin Sam (Muhammad Ghori)" This was a departure from typical Muslim coinage and was likely an attempt to legitimize his rule by incorporating Hindu symbols

3. #3CGPSC 2013
   Um Battuta, the Moorish traveller, visited India d.ming the reign of
   • AMuhammad-Bin-Tughluq
   • BBabar
   • CAkbar
   • DMahmud Ghazni - !a' /
   Answer: (A) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Battuta, the Moorish traveler, visited India in the reign of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq. Delhi, he served as a qadi (judge) under the sultan. various cities in India, including Hansi, Sindh, His journey to India was marked by bandit attacks and shipwrecks. Ibn describes his experiences in India, rulers, and observations about local customs and,i( ial He also visited the Maldives, Sri Lanka, documenting his encounters and adventures J hi s initial plans to travel to China, spent a signffic'i India during Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq's rul into the socio-political landscape of the time. Important Tips Ihn Battuta [1304 - 1369]: Ibn Battuta was born in 1304 CE in Tangiers. He embarked on a pilgrimage to Mecca at the age of 21, beginning a journey that spanned approximately 30 years, chronicled in his renowned work "Rihla." During his extensive travels, he visited both known Islami

4. #4UPSC CSE Prelims 2003
   How did the Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah's reign come to an early end?
   • AHe was deposed by his Wazir
   • Bdied due to slip while climbing down steps
   • CHe was defeated by his nephew in a battle
   • DHe died of sickness due to too much consumption of wine
   Answer: (C) He was defeated by his nephew in a battle
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Shah was a Mughal Emperor who ruled to 1713. He was defeated in the battle at Samugarh near Agra) by his nephew Farrukhsiyar, on 10 with the support of the Sayyid Brothers. himself the Mughal emperor after the battle. Important Tips Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719): He became the king of Mughal kingdom with the help of Sayyid brothers The Saiyyad brothers, sometimes known as the "kingmakers" Saiyyacl Abdullah Khan (Wazir) and Hussain Ali Khan, helped him gain the throne. Farrukhsiyar. behaved like a mere puppet in the hands of Sayyid brothers and when he resisted against their control, he was deposed and executed by the latter

5. #5UPPCS 2022
   Which Mughal ruler patronaged Kavindra Acharya Saraswati of Banaras, a great scholar of Sanskrit and Hindi?
   • AJahangir
   • BHumayun
   • CShahjahan
   • DAkbar
   Answer: (C) Shahjahan
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Mughal ruler who patronized Kayindra of Banaras, a great scholar of Sanskrit Shah Jahari. Kavindra Acharya Sarasw_ati 'was a Sanskrit scholar arid. poet who was was given the title of charya by the Acharya Saraswati was a prolific writer and books on Sanskrit philosophy, and was also a musician,_and sev_eral Sanskrit. Ipi tan t 0 Apart from -_ received royal patronage from the Shah.Jahan. Jagannath composed Ras arid Ganga In th.e era of Shah Jahan, historical works sµch as Padshahnania; Jahani, add Shah Namah were crafted

6. #6UPPCS 2017
   Who among the following foreign travellers visited India during the reign of Jahangir?
   • AFather Anthony Monserate
   • BFrancisco Pelsaert
   • CNiccolo Manucci
   • DFrancois Bernier
   Answer: (B) Francisco Pelsaert
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct from Antwerp, Francisco Pelsaert became of the Dutch East India Company and set sail in 1618 during the rule of Jahangir. Upon his assumed the role of a junior merchant and spent in Agra, during which he ascended to the position senior merchant. He wrote a detailed account of the of 1630, which is known as The Remonstrantie. Important Tips Father Anthony Monserate- Visited during the reign of Akbar from 1578-1582. Niccolo Manned- An Italian traveler who explored India during the reign of Aurangzeb. Francois Bernier- A French doctor who arrived in India also during the reign of Aurangzeb. Travelers during the reign of Jahangir (Jahangir was the fourth Mughal emperor, who ruled from 1605 to 1627): Captain Hawkins (England) - 1608 William Fisch 1611 John Jurdan 1615 Nicholas Doughton 1616 Nicholos Withurgton (England) - 1617 Thomas Coryat 1616 Sir Thomas Roe (English

7. #7UPPCS 2015
   Who of the following was not a member of Noorjahan's Junta?
   • AJahangir
   • BGhiyas Beg
   • CAsaf Khan
   • DKhurram
   Answer: (A) Jahangir
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Jahan, a powerful woman in the Mughal a group of her family members known as the included Nur Jahan herself, her father Mirza her brother Asaf Khan, and her stepson Khurram. wielded significa nt influence over the Mughal the reign of Jahangir, the emperor who was husband. They managed Jahangir and controlled powers and administration of the

8. #8UPPCS 2015
   Which of the following forts was not constructed. in the reign of Akbar?
   • ARed Fort of.Delhi
   • BAgra Fort
   • CAllahabad Fort
   • DLahore Fort
   Answer: (A) Red Fort of.Delhi
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Red Fort of Delhi was built by Akbar's grandson who shifted the capital from Agra to Delhi in Red Fort is a massive fortification that served as residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol heritage. Important Tips The Agra Fort was the first fort that Akbar built in 1565, and it was the seat of power for the Mughal empire for about 150 years. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most impressive monuments in Agra. The Allahabad Fort was built by Akbar in 1583 at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. It was a strategic and religious site, and it also housed a famo us Akshayavata tree, where people would commit suicide to achieve salvation. The Lahore Fort was built by Akbar in 1566, and it was the largest fort built by him. It was also the residence of his son Jahangir and his wife Nur

9. #9UPPCS 2014
   Who one of the following painters of Jahangir's reign was conferred the title of 'Nadir-ul-Asra'?
   • ADaulat
   • BBishandas
   • CManohar
   • DMansoor
   Answer: (D) Mansoor
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Mansur/Mansoor was honored with the title "Nadir ul-asra" (Unrivaled of the era) by Jahangir. While paintings during the reign of Jahangir's father, exceptional works truly flouri shed under Although celebrated for his natural he also applied his artistic talents to in diverse manuscript illustrations

10. #10UPPCS 2009
    During which one of the following battles, did declare 'Jehad'?
    • ABattle of Panipat
    • BBattle of Khanwa
    • CBattle of Chanderi
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (B) Battle of Khanwa
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1527, Babur ordered a Jehad/Jihad against Rajputs battle of Khanwa. He declared the forthcoming Jehad as his soldiers were facing a non-Muslim army first time ever. He sa id, this was their chance to become / l l 'I either a Ghazi (soldier of Islam) or a Shaheed (Martyr He adopted the title of Ghazi the victory

11. #11Previous year
    With which Mughal General did Shivaji sign the Treaty of Purandar is 1665? (U.P.P. (Mains) 2009
    • ADiler. Khan
    • BJai Singh
    • CJaswant Singh
    • DShaista Khan
    Answer: (B) Jai Singh
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct Treaty of Purandar in 1665 was signed between Mughal General Raja Jai Singh I. Due to the Shaista Khan and Surat, Aurangzeb dispatched Raja I with an army to defeat Shivaji. After facing Jai Singh's forces and being on the brink of losing Shivaji agreed to the treaty. The treaty stipulated would surrender 23 forts, retain 12 for 400,000 gold hun compensation to the Mughals, a vassal of the Mughal empire. son Sambhaji was to serve the Mughals with in the Deccan

12. #12UPPCS 2008
    Who among the following shifted the capital of the Empire from Agra to Delhi?
    • AAkbar
    • BJahangir
    • CShah Jahan
    • DAurangzeb
    Answer: (C) Shah Jahan
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Jahan shifted the capital of the Mughal Empire to Deihi in 1638. He built the Red Fort in Delhi new capital. The Red Fort is a UNESCO World and it is one of the most iconic buildings in India. decision to shift the capital from Agra to Delhi by several factors First, he wanted to be closer center of his empire. Second, he nted to build a that would be more impressive than Agra. Third, to be closer to his spiritual advisor, the Sufi Salim to reduce corruption among the nobles

13. #13UPPCS 2005
    Arrange the following in the correct chronological order: 1. Chhatrapati Shahuji 2. Rajaram 3. Sambhaji 4. Shivaji-IISelect the correct answer from the codes given below
    • A3, 1 4
    • B3, 2 4 1
    • C2, 3 1 4
    • D1, 2 3 4
    Answer: (B) 3, 2 4 1
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct order of Maratha Kings is: Sambhaji (1681-89) (1689-1700) - Shivaji-II (1700-12) - Shahu Important Tips Sambhaji (1681-89): He was the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire and the eldest son of Shivaji Maharaj. He was captured on 1 February 1689 by the Mughals. The subsequent rescue attempt by the Marathas was repelled on 11 March. He was tortured and executed in Aurangzeb's camp on 11 March, 1689. Rajaram (1689-1700): He was the younger son of the first Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji and took over the Maratha Empire as its third Chhatrapati after his brother's death Sambhaji at the hands of the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb in 1689. Shivaji-11 (1700-12): He was known as Shivaji Bhonsle of the Maratha Empire. He was the son of the Rajaram and his wife Tarabai. Later, he became the Shivaji Bhonsle.I of Kolhapur, the first king of Kolhapur. Shahu ( 1707-49): He was the

14. #14UPPCS 2004
    Two of the following states, which Au.rangzeb had conquered Deccan, were
    • AAhmadnagar and Bijapur
    • BBidar and Bijapur
    • CBijapur and Golconda
    • DGolconda and Ahmednagar
    Answer: (C) Bijapur and Golconda
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct conquered and Golconda in 1686 respectively. He successfully defeated Sikandar Shah and annexed his kingdom. Subsequently, against Golconda and dismantled the dynasty, annexing the territory as well. conquests turned out to be a political blunder, removed the barrier between the Mughals and leading to a direct confrontation between powers

15. #15State PCS 1998
    The concept of 'Sulh-i-Kul' (universal peace and fratern.i.ty) adopted by Akbar was the result of
    • APolitical generosity
    • BReligious tolerance
    • CLiberal cultural attitude
    • DAll of the above ]
    Answer: (D) All of the above ]
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct means 'universal peace' Ok' 'pea ce with all' and a policy of religious tolerance and harmony devised and his court historian Abu'l --Fazl. It vvas the Sufi mystic ideal of respecting all religions and paths to the same truth. Sulh-i-Ku! was the result political generosity, religious tolerance, and attitude. Important Tips Akbar abolished the jizya (tax on non -Musiims) in 1564 and granted equal rights and privileges to people of all faiths. Akbar also patronized various arts, sciences, and literature and encouraged inter-religious dialogue and debate in his Ibadat Khana (House of Worship) at Fatehpur Sikri. Akbar even tried to create a new syncretic religion call ed Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith) that incorporated elements from Islam, Hinduism, Zoroas trianism, Christianity, and Jainism

16. #16Previous year
    What was the principal source of State income in Mughal India: [. (Pre) 1995)
    • ABooty
    • BEscheat
    • CL and Revenue
    • DTax
    Answer: (C) L and Revenue
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Aibak, the first Muslim ruler of the construction of the Qutab in but could only finish the basement. His added three more storeys, and in 1368, Firoz constructed the fifth and the last storey. The storeys are made of red sandstone; the fourth and are of marble and sandstone. At the foot of the the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, the first mosque to be India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the of South Delhi, India

17. #17UPPCS 1992
    Military system in the reign of Akbar was based on
    • AMansabdari
    • BZamindari
    • CFeudalistic
    • DAin-i-Dahsala
    Answer: (A) Mansabdari
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct military system in the reign of Akbar was based on system. The mansabdari system was a system and salary for the military and civil officers of administration. The mansabdars were divided categories: zat and sawar. Zat was th e personal rank officer, which determined his status, salary, and prestige Sawar was the rank based on the number of horsemen that the officer had to maintain for the service emperor. The higher the zat and sawar ranks, the the responsibility and authority of the officer. The from 10 to 10,000 for both zat and sawar. Vv'as not hereditary. AU appointments and well as dismissals were directly made by the emperor. Important Tips Jagirdari System: The Jagirdari system in the Mughal period referred to revenue assignments. These were given to nobles and other influential people. It started in the 13th century. Instead of paying out cash salaries, c

18. #18UPSC CAPF 2021
    Consider the following statements: 1. Under Akbar, the system of Zabt was established over a large area from Punjab to Awadh. 2. In the seventeenth century North India, the system of Zabt lost much ground to the system of Kankut.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct- The Zabt system was a land introduced by Akbar in the 16th century. system was initially established in the Punjab it was later extended to other parts of Akbar's Awadh Statement 2 is correct- In the seventeenth during the reign of Aurangzeb, the Mughal significant challenges, including the rise of and the decline of central authority. During the Zabt system started losing its prominence It was gradually replaced by the system System. Important Tips Zabt System It involved assessing and collecting revenue based on a fixed share of agricultural prnduce The land revenue system adopted by Akbar was largely based on Sher Shah's syste m but with slight mo dificatio ns and was called Zabti or Bandobast system which was further improved by Raja Todar Mal. Under thi s system, Toda r Mal introduced a uniform sys tem of land measurement, classification of land

19. #19UPSC CAPF 2014
    Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Humayun invented Taj-i-izzat. 2. Taj-i-izzat was a head gear, composed of a cap and a wrapping cloth.Select the correct answer using the codes given below. Codes
    • AOnly 1
    • BOnly 2
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Humayun invented Taj -i-izzat. mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari, a 16th-century written by Abu'l Faz! ibn 2 is correct: Taj-i-izzat was a headgear a cap and a wrapping cloth. The cap was made of velvet and the wrapping cloth was made of muslin or silk. was a. symbol of power and authority, and it by Mughal emperors and nobles

20. #20State PCS 2017
    Who was the ruler of India when the English East India Company was formed?
    • AAurangzeb
    • BAkbar
    • CJahangir
    • DHumayun ( e) None of the above/More than one of the above
    Answer: (B) Akbar
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct was the ruler of India when the English East was formed. The English East India Company on December 31, 1600, by a royal charter from I of England. The company was established to the East Indies, which included the Indian Southeast Asia. Akbar died in 1605, and was his son Jahangir, who received the first English arrived in India in 1608. Jahangir allowed the establish a factory at Surat, which became its first India

21. #21Previous year
    Who of the _following Muslim rulers abolished the pilgrimage tax? [53rd to 55th. (Pre) 201 l
    • ABahlul Lodi
    • BSher Shah
    • CHumayun
    • DAkbar
    Answer: (D) Akbar
    Explanation

    Option d. is the correct was the third Mughal empero r who ruled from 1605. He was known for his religious tolerance reforms _in administration, taxation, and culture. the pilgrimage tax on Hindus in 1563, as it morally wrong and pilgrimage tax was a tax imposed on Hindus by rulers for undertaking a journey to a sacred place. It was considered a dis criminatory measure that violated the freedom of worship of the non-Muslim subjects. Akbar's the pilgrimage tax was one of his steps to create and inclusive empire that respected all communities

22. #22State PCS 2005
    In the Mughal administration 'Muhtasib' was
    • AMilitary Officer
    • BHead of Foreign Affairs
    • Can Officer-in-Charge of public morals
    • DOfficer of Correspondence Department
    Answer: (C) an Officer-in-Charge of public morals
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Muhtasib was an officer in the Mughal was responsible for enforcing Islamic law public morals. He was also responsible markets and ensuring that weights and accurate. The Muhtasib was a powerful figure in administration, and he was often feared by

23. #23State PCS 2004
    Who introduced 'Do-aspa and Sih-aspa' system?
    • AAkbar
    • BJahangir
    • CShah Jahan
    • DAurangzeb tnl
    Answer: (B) Jahangir
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct Do-aspa and Sih-aspa system was a system of introduced by the Mughal emperor Jahangir in year of his reign (1611 CE) It was a system whereby nobles could be allowed to maintain a larger troopers, without raising their Zat rank. The system as 'du-aspa' (a trooper with two horses) or 'sih aspa' (a trooper with three horses) system. A a mansabdar position holding a zat rank of cavalrymen assigned with the two-horse system, would be responsible for overseeing of soldiers

24. #24State PCS 1999
    The meaning of 'Jihad' carried on by Aurangzeb is
    • ADarul-Harb
    • BDar-ul-Islam
    • CHoly War
    • DJizya
    Answer: (B) Dar-ul-Islam
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct interpretation of 'Jihad' refers to the 'Dar-ul-Islam,' which means the "House of Islam" territory where Islamic law and governance sought to establish and expand the Islamic his empire, enforcing laws and practices with his understanding of 'Dar-ul-Islam.' Important Tips Major religious divisions Dar al-Islam: Refers to territories under Muslim sovereignty, where both Muslims and non-Muslims reside. Non-Muslims, known as dhimmis (Zimmis), have partial civil rights and pay the jlzya tax. Musli.ms and non-Muslims enjoy security and are protected from attack. charters regulate relations, and non-Muslims have access to Islamic courts if desired. Dar al-'Ahd: Territories with a treaty of non-aggression 01" peace with Muslims. Hanafi scholars argue that such territories, protected by dar al-Islam, effectively become part of it. Muslims must respect peace treaties and p

25. #25State PCS 1996
    Ai-range properly as per dates of four important battles fought by the names of battlefields are given below
    • AChausa, Devara, Kanauj, Sirhind
    • BDevara, Kanauj, Chausa, Sirhind
    • CSirhi.nd, Devara, Chausa, Kanauj
    • DDevara, Chausa, Kanauj, Sirhind Who was the last Mughal Emperor to sit on Mayur f
    Answer: (D) Devara, Chausa, Kanauj, Sirhind Who was the last Mughal Emperor to sit on Mayur f
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct of Devara (1532 It was fought between his brother Kamran. Humayun was victorious, and able to consolidate his power in of Chausa (1539 It was fought and Sher Shah Suri. Humayun was defeated, was forced to flee of Kanauj (1540 AD )- It was fought aud Sher Shah Suri again Humayun was and he was forced to flee India for the second of Sirhind (15 55 It was fought and Sher Shah Suri's son, Islam was victorious, and he was able to regain throne. Important Tips Other Battle of Hum ayun Battle of Hisar ( It took place in Haryana, India, where Babur and his son Hum.ayun faced off against th e Afghan fo rces led by Hamid Khan. Hurn ayun, who was only eighteen years old at the time, achieved a significant vic tory in th is battle. First Battle of Panipat (12 April Humayun, with support from his father's trusted generals, played a crucial role in the Gurkani victory, despite

26. #26State PCS 2014
    Which of the following Mughal Emperors introduced educational reforms?
    • AJahangir
    • BShah Jahan
    • CHumayun
    • DAkbar
    Answer: (D) Akbar
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Emperor Akbar introduced educational revised the educational syllabus, laying more moral education and mathematics and on such as agriculture, geometry, astronomy, logic, He also introduced a system of free and for all children, regardless of their religion He established a large number of schools and his empire, and appointed qualified teachers to run them. He also encouraged the translation works from Sanskrit, Arabic, Greek, and Persian which was the official language of his court

27. #27State PCS 1997
    Who built famous Jama Masjid of Delhi?
    • AHumayun
    • BShah Jahan
    • CAkbar
    • DIbrahim Lodi
    Answer: (B) Shah Jahan
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Jama of Delhi, known as Persian, as one of India's largest mosques. It by Shah J,i,han. Residing within the Mughal Shahjahanaba.d, present-day Old Delhi, this the status of the imperial sanctuary for the rs until the empire's decline in 1857. With its beyond the colonial period, the Jama Islamic influence across India and retained significance during pivotal periods of British rule. Important Tips Sarne other monuments commissioned by various kbar Agra Fort (Agra), Panch Mahal (Fatehpur Sikri), Jama Masjid with Buland Darwaza (Fatehpur Sikri), Humayun Tomb (Delhi). Ja hangir Shalimar Bagh (Srinagar), Akbar Tomb (Agra). Shah Jab.an Taj Mahal (Agra), Red Fort (Delhi), )arna Masjid of Reel Sands tone (Delhi), Moti Masjid (Agra). i Aurnngze b Pinjore Garden (Lahore), Moti Masjid ot'IA/h.ite Marble (a ) a b the,IK had fo rsaken Islam. This factor is ilot conducive Aldn

28. #28State PCS 2018
    The mosque Khayr-ul-manzil opposite fo; the Ptmma Qila in Delhi was constituted by whom?
    • AHamida Banu Begum
    • BSalima Sultan
    • CJiji Anga
    • DMaham Anaga
    Answer: (D) Maham Anaga
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Anga built a mosque, Khayr-ul-manzil, in the lines of Mughal architecture. It later served madrasa, and now stands opposite Purana Qila, Delhi Road, southeast of Sher Shah Gate

29. #29UPPCS 2015
    Whkh of the following forts was NOT constructed in the reign of Akbar?
    • ARed Fort of Delhi
    • BAgra Fort
    • CAllahabad Fort
    • DLahore Fort
    Answer: (B) Agra Fort
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Anaga was foster mother of Mughal Emperor with Emperor Humayun, she established - Begum in Delhi in 1561. Important Tips Gulbadan Banu Begum was born to Babur and Dildar Begum in 1523 in Afghanistan. The sister of Humayun, she came to write about Babur and Humayun's reign after being persuaded by her nephew Akbar. Zeenat unnisa Begum, daughter of Aurangzeb was born on 5th October 1643 in Aurangabad. She died on May 7th, year of 1710. She was a pious women, pursued spiritual pursuits. She was a talented calligrapher

30. #30State PCS 1998
    Consider the following statements: Akbar constructed 'Buland Darwaza' at Fatehpur Sikari. Reason Akbar built this monument to commemorate the birth of his son Jahangir. Which one of the following is correct in reference of above?
    • ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    • BBoth (A) and (R) are ture, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
    • D(A) is false but (R) is true
    Answer: (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct is true: Akbar constructed the Buland 1575 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. Darwaza is the main entrance to the Jama Fatehpur Sikri, and is one of the highest gateways in It is an example of Mughal architecture, and and heights of technology in Akbar's (R) is false: Akbar did not build the to celebrate the birth of his son Jahangir. born in 1569, six years before the construction of Darwaza. Akbar built another monument, Hiran Minar, at Fatehpur Sikri to mark the birth The Hiran Minar is a tower with a height of and has a stone elephant on its built Buland Darwaza to commemorate his Gujarat Buland means victorious. So when Akbar Gujarat, he thought to build something remarkable memorial. That's how the idea of building this gate out at Fatehpur Sikri

31. #31Previous year
    Which one of the following painters was not associated with Hmnayun? [CDS (I)
    • AMir Sayyid Ali
    • BMaulana Dost Musawir
    • CMaulana Yusuf
    • DBihzad
    Answer: (D) Bihzad
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct answer. Bihzad, a renowned Persian painter during the Timurid period, was not associated with Emperor Humayun While highly influential in Persian and Islamic miniature painting, Bihzad primarily worked under the patronage of the Timurid court and regional rulers in Persia and Central Asia, making him unrelated to Humayun's artistic circle

32. #32CGPSC 2018
    Among the following which is a composition of Darasikoh?
    • ATabakat-e-Nasiri
    • BKitab-ul-Hind
    • CTahakik-e-hind
    • DMazzmaul Bahainna
    Answer: (D) Mazzmaul Bahainna
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Bahainna is a Persian treatise written by the eldest son of the Mughal emperor title of the treatise, Majmaul Bahainna, means of Two Oceans". This is a reference to the '! confluence of Hinduism and Islam, which Dara were two complementary paths to the same Bahainna is divided into two parts. The first a discussion of Hindu philosophy, and the second part discussion of Islamic philosophy. Dara Shikoh contrasts the two philosophies, and he argues that fundamentally the same. Important Tips Other treatise of Dara Sukoh: Risala-i-Ilahi - A Persian treatise on Sufism, which discusses the concept of divine unity. Risala-i-Sulh-i-kul - A Persian treatise on religious tolerance, which argues for the need for peace and understanding between different religions

33. #33State PCS 2004
    The Upanishads were translated into Persian by Dara Shikoh under the title
    • AAl-Fihrist
    • BKitab-ul-Bayan
    • CMajma-ul-Bahrain
    • DSirr-i-Akbar
    Answer: (D) Sirr-i-Akbar
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct [ _: Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Emperor Shah a notable scholarly endeavor by translating from Sanskrit into Persian, aiming to gap between Islamic and Hindu philosophies for His translation, widely known as the stands as a testament to his efforts. Dara exploration in search of common mystical these two faiths was a persistent pursuit, his quest to identify monotheistic aspects philosophy. This deepened his connection to which he diligently studied with the scholars from Benaras. His profound work culminated completion of this significant book in 1657, marking in his intellectual legacy. Important Tips Upanishads Sirr-i-Akbar (The Great Secret) Zakhirat-ul-Muluk (The Bhagavad Gita Treasure of Kings) Ramayana Ishq Nama (The Book of Love) Mahabharata Makhzan ul-Asrar (The Storehouse of Secrets) Panchatantra Kalilah wa Dimnah (The Fables of Bidpai) Yoga Va

34. #34Previous year
    The meaning of 'Jihad' carried on by Aurangzeb is- [43rd. (Pre) 1999)
    • ADarul-Harb
    • BDar-ul-Islam
    • CHoly War
    • DJizya
    Answer: (B) Dar-ul-Islam
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct interpretation of 'Jihad' refers to the 'Dar-ul-Islam,' which means the "House of Islam" territory where Islamic law and governance sought to establish and expand the Islamic his empire, enforcing Islamic laws and practices with his understanding of 'Dar-ul-Islam.' Important Tips Major religious divisions: Dar al-Islam: Refers to territories under Muslim sovereignty, where both Muslims and non-Muslims reside. Non-Muslims, known as dhimmis (Zimmis) have partial civil rights and pay the jizya tax. Muslims and non-Muslims enjoy security and are protected from attack. Constitutional charters regulate relations, and non-Muslims have access to Islamic courts if desired. Dar al- 'Ahd: Territories with a treaty of non-aggression or peace with Muslims. Hanafi scholars argue that such territories, protected by dar al-Islam, effectively become part of it. Muslims must respec

35. #35Practice set
    In the context of medieval India, which of the following are the characteristics of 'Jatis'? 1. Jatis were the subgroups that emerged within varnas. 2. Specialised artisans like smiths, carpenters and masons were also recognized as separate jatis. 3. Jatis became the basis for organising society.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 2 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct. Smaller castes, or jatis, varnas. For example, new castes appeared 2 is correct. Many tribes and social groups into caste-based society and given the status of artisans - smiths, carpenters and masons were also recognised as separate jatis by the 3 is correct. Jatis, rather than varna, became for organising Solution: Option bis the correct l is correct. The Akbar Nama, a history of mentions the Gond kingdom of Garha Katanga 70,000 2 is correct. Rani Durgawati was very started ruling on belrnlf of her five-year-old Narain. Under her, the kingdom became even 3 is incorrect. In 1565, the Mughal forces Khan attacked Garha Katanga. A strong resistance up by Rani Durgawati. She was defeated and die rather than surrender. Her son, too, died fighting

36. #36Practice set
    Which of the following statements regarding the Karkhanas of rnedieval India is correct?
    • AThe karkhanas necessarily represented production centres
    • BThe Mir-i-Saman was the officer in charge of imperial Karkhanas during the Mughal rule
    • CNumber of karkhanas declined during reign of Akbar
    • DKarkhanas under the Marathas did not employ forced labour. '
    Answer: (B) The Mir-i-Saman was the officer in charge of imperial Karkhanas during the Mughal rule
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is incorrect: Though animals were painted in style, humans were depicted only in a 2 is correct: Some of the Bhimbetka rock to Mesolithic period include themes of and hunting. In general, the themes of at Bhimbetka are of great variety, ranging events of daily life in those times to sacred 3 is correct: The paints were made by rocks and minerals. They got red from as geru in India). The green came from a of a stone called chalcedony. White might have ade out of limestone

37. #37Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are correct about Maratha Administration under Peshwas? l. Kotwal was responsible for the maintenance of law and order in the urban areas. 2. Maratha military system under the Peshwas was modelled on the lines of Mughal military system. 3. The Maratha provinces were directly administered by provincial governors known as Raj Pramukhs.Select the correct answer from the code below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2, and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct: The Kotwal was the chief officer and cities during the Maratha period, responsible law and order, regulating prices, settling and sending monthly accounts to the 2 is correct: The Maratha military system Peshwas was modelled on the Mughal military mode of recruitment, payment of salaries, provisions families of the soldiers, and the importance given to showed a strong resemblance to the Mughal 3 is incorrect: During the Maratha Empire Peshwas, the provinces varied in size and were provincial governors known as Sarsubahdars were further divided into Subahs and Pranths. Important Tips The Peshwa was initially one of the Ashta Pradhan of Shivaji and the office was not hereditary. However, as the king's power declined, the Peshwas gained prominence. Balaji Vishwan ath's leadership made the Peshwa office supreme and hereditary. They gradually took over th

38. #38Practice set
    Which of the following statements are correct regarding Dara Shikoh? 1. He translated the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata into Persian. 2. He authored Safinat-ul-Awliya, a book that documents the life of prophet and his family. 3. He believed in the concept of 'One Reality and One God'.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Shikoh was the son of Shah Jahan. Dara Shikoh on the orders of his brother Aurangzeb in 1659 the war of 1 is incorrect: Dara Shikoh translated into Persian in 1657 and this work (the Great Secret). The Razmnama War) is a Persian translation of the epic by the Mughal Emperor 2 is correct: He authored Safinat-ul-Awliya, document detailing the lives of the Prophet and the Caliphs and of saints belonging to the five orders, then popular in 3 is correct: His works Sirr-i-Akbar are devoted to the cause of between Hinduism and Islam. He stated foundation of the two religions is the same i.e the One Reality and One God. Important Tips Literature durinng Mughal period: of tuzuk I baburi) was written in Persian by Abdul Rahim Khan Abdul Fazl has written Akbarnama (history of Akbar) and book). Jahangir hasitten his autobiography as Tuzuk-i-jahangiri. Mutamid khan has written

39. #39Practice set
    With reference to the problems faced by Babur after his victory in first Battle of Panipat, consider the following statements: 1. Some commanders and nobles of Babur wanted to return to Central Asia. 2. Rajput rulers were forming confederacy against the rule of Mughal. 3. Afghans were regrouping to claim their lost territories.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is correct Ghori --1206 CE) was the Real the Islamic empire in India. The battles of Tarain laid the foundations of Turkis h rule in Nol'thern l is incorrect: Muhammad. Ghori was Pdthivaraja Chauhan, a Rajput ruler in the Delhi, in the first battle fought at,1191 CE). Ghori's army was defeated badly and escaped death. Prithviraj conquered in 1192 CE, Muhammad Ghori defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain, and 2 correct: In the Battle of Chand war Ghori defeated Jai.chand.-a- t he ruler of Dynasty). After this invasion, Qutab ud was made the viceroy of Muhammad Ghori

40. #40Practice set
    With to the Jagirdari system of Mughal Empire, consider the following pairs:Tankhwa Hereditary and non- Jagirs transferable 2. Watan Jagirs Allotted to local zamindars 3. Mashrut Jagirs Jagirs given to a person on certain conditions 4. Al-tamgha Given under the reign Jagirs of JahangirHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched? Practice
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect: Tankhwa Jagirs were given in pay. Tankhwa jagirs are transferable every three or 2 is correct: Jagirs which were assigned (chieftains) in their homelands were jagirs. Watan jagirs remained hereditary and nontransferable. Sometimes watan jagir was converted for a certain period as Aurangzeb did in case in 3 is correct: Jagirs given to a person on were called mashrut jagirs. ljarndari was in which jagirs were leased out to troops for by the small Jagirdars. In the the practice of Ijaradari was which involved no obligation of service and of rank were called inam jagi 4 is correct: Al-tamgha jagir was given to in their family towns or place of birth. It was Tahangir and vas from watan jagir as were given to nobles in their hometown and watan given to local zamindars in their hometown. Important Tips Jagir was the land allotted by the Mughal empire to t

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