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Delhi Sultanate — UPSC Prelims Ancient & Medieval previous year questions

47 solved previous year questions on Delhi Sultanate, papers from 1993 to 2021, drawn from State PCS, UPPCS, UPSC CSE Prelims. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CSE Prelims 2004
   Supreme rural officials of land revenue in Sultanate period
   • AChaudhary
   • BRavat
   • CMalik
   • DPatwari
   Answer: (A) Chaudhary
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct the Sultanate Period, the highest rural authority for was Chaudhary. The village remained the basic administration and its headman was called Chaudhry Important Tips Important terms in Medeival India: Rawat: Local Rulers Malik: Zamindars Patwari: Village accountant

2. #2UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
   Who among the following introduced the famous Persian festival in India?
   • ABalban
   • BIltutmish
   • CFiruj Tughluq
   • DAlauddin Khalji
   Answer: (C) Firuj Tughluq
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct is a site of late Mesolithic settlement in where the earliest evidence of domestication of fire was found. Bagor has three _cultu phases, first phase, dated between 5000-2000 BCE, shows nomadic pastoralists of Bagor were engaged in The site also yielded of that shared the habitat with the stone age Important Tips A fossilized human baby skull in 2001, recovered from Odai in Bommayarpalayam in Tamil Nadu It h'as been found to be 1.66 lakh years old, making it the second oldest human fossil in India. Baby skull from Odai belonged to Homo Sapiens of the middle Pleistocene period. Bori is a town located in Pune district, Maharashtra, India. It is known for the discovery of some ancient human artefacts. The reported artefacts from Bori suggest the appearance of human beings in India around 1.4 million years ago (middle Pleistocene)

3. #3UPPCS 2004
   The transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad was ordered by
   • ASultan Firuz Tughluq
   • BSultan Ghiyasuddin Tuqhluq
   • CSultan Mubarak
   • DSultan Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
   Answer: (D) Sultan Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct transfer of the capital from Delhi to ordered by Sultan Muhammad Bin Tughlaq in aimed to centl'alize administration and northern and southern regions. Despite establishing a postal service, and the move faced challenges. Plague dissatisfaction, and revolts undermined its 133 5, due to deteriorating conditions, the capital back to Delhi. The shift's failure was logistical difficulties, public discontent, and of regional complexities - r Important Tips Transfer of capital-1326-27 CE: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq's decision to shift the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in 1326-27 was driven by several key factors and faced subsequent failure: Reasons for Capital Transfer: Central Location: Tughlaq aimed to establish Daulatabad as a secondary capital to exert better control over the southern territories. He believed it was centrally located, equidistant from significant areas

4. #4UPPCS 2004
   Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to participate in the public celebration of Hom
   • AFiruz Shah Tughluq
   • BMuhammad-Bin-Tughluq
   • CSikandar Lodi
   • DIbrahim Lodi
   Answer: (B) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Bin Tughluq was the first Sultan of participate in the public celebration of Holi. with the festival led him to adopt it as a marking him as possibly the first to embrace Holi. This gesture of participating in contributed to his goodwill, which even reign and extended to his successor, Firoz Shah Tughlaq

5. #5UPPCS 2004
   Which Sultan of Delhi established a 'Translation Department' to help both communities to understand each other's ideas better
   • AAlauddin Khalji
   • BFiruz Tughluq
   • CIltutmish
   • DSikandar Lodi
   Answer: (B) Firuz Tughluq
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Shah Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi, established Department' with the intention of understanding between different his rule, Hindu religious works were translated to Persian and Arabic, promoting intercultural Firoz Shah's efforts to facilitate comprehension between different linguistic groups showcased his commitment to and mutual understanding among the of his kingdom

6. #6UPPCS 1997
   Find out the two main currencies of the 104. Consider the following statements:Sultanate period from the code below: Assertion (A): Alauddin's Deccan expeditions 1. Dam were financial ventures. 2. Jital Reason He wanted to annex the Deccan 3. Rupiya States. 4. Tank.aCode: Code: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
   • A1 and 2 correct explanation of (A)
   • B1 and 3 (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not
   • C2 and 3 the correct explanation of (A)
   • D2 and 4 ( c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
   Answer: (D) 2 and 4 ( c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct two main currencies of the Sultanate period were Jital, introduced by the Iltutmish. Some were also in circulation. Baruni mentions Dirams in use at the capital Delhi. The equation currencies in the north has been worked out silver tanka 48 jital 192 dangs 480 dirams Important Tips A Dam was a small Indian copper coin. This coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule of India between 1540 and 1545. He also used Rupiya which was a the silver and Mohur, a gold coin

7. #7UPPCS 2000
   Who among the following issued silver (c) The Tughluq coins with Sanskrit legend on one side? (d) The Lodi l 06. Zawabi.ts were concerned with
   • AMuhammad-Bin-Qasim
   • BMahmud of Ghazni (a) State laws
   • CSher Shah (b) Law regulating mansab system
   • DAkbar (c) Laws regulating mint house
   Answer: (B) Mahmud of Ghazni (a) State laws
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct of Ghazni held the distinction of being Muslim ruler to issue silver coins with a on one side. These remarkable coins, dating back 11th century, featured the legend "Sri Madhava" alongside Arabic inscriptions on the obverse sides, respectively. The presence of Sanskrit Arabic inscriptions showcased the influence Islamic and local traditions during Mahmud's

8. #8State PCS 2004
   Who was behind the dethroning of Raziyya Begum?
   • AAfghans
   • BMongols
   • CTurks
   • DArabs 6
   Answer: (C) Turks
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Turkic nobles,vere behind the dethroning of Razia's increasing assertiveness and her non-Turkic individuals to important positions among the Turkic nobles. The Razia and her trusted Abyssinian slave, also viewed with suspicion. In 1238-1239, Kabir Khan Ayaz, the governor of Lahore, Razia, which prompted a series of events her downfall. In 1240, Raziya was deposed by her guards and replaced by her younger Bahram

9. #9State PCS 2017
   Which dynasty of Delhi Sultanate ruled for the shortest period?
   • AKhalji
   • BTughluq
   • CSayyid
   • DLodi
   Answer: (A) Khalji
   Explanation

   } Option a is the correct answer l Khalji dynasty ruled the Delhi or st period. It la st ed from 129 0 l 1320 a mere The other dynasties in the question ruled periods of time. The Tughluq dynasty lasted to 1414, the Sayyid dynasty lasted from 1414 to the Lodi dynasty lasted from 1451 to 1526

10. #10Previous year
    Who among these was not from the Slave dynasty? [Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010)
    • ABalban
    • BIltutmish
    • CQutbuddin Aybak
    • DIbrahim Lodi
    Answer: (D) Ibrahim Lodi
    Explanation

    option d is the correct Slave dynasty, also known as the Mamluk of rulers who were originally slaves but rose in Delhi. The Slave dynasty ruled the Delhi 1206 to 1290. Balban, Iltutmish, and Qutbuddin rulers from the Slave dynasty. Ibrahim Lodi was ruler of the Lodi dynasty, which ruled from 1451 1- Important Tips Ibrahim Lodi (1517 - 1526) Concept of Dual Monarchy, suppressed by Sikandar Lodi, revived by Ibrahim Lodi. Rule d with crudty, facing and secret enemies due to harsh governance. Distanced. from nobles, imprisoned and nus t reated them Balanced this harslmess by unplementing agncultural both state and nobles crnehy,. a nd rehgwus figure '-l C) Faced rebellion from Rana San gram Si ngh of Mewar, extend ing his empire and Agra. Battle of Panipat (15 26): Ibrahim decided to confront Babur, but Babur strategically positioned his army. Afghans were unfamiliar with Mughal weaponry, le

11. #11JPSC 2021
    Government of medieval period was a composite structure. It was a fusion of
    • APerso-Arabic
    • BTurko-Mongol (Central Asian)
    • CPerso-Arabic, Turko-Mongol (Central Asian)
    • DPerso-Arabic,Turko-Mongol-Indian Elements
    Answer: (D) Perso-Arabic,Turko-Mongol-Indian Elements
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Government of the medieval. period was a Mona rchs maintained control and power suppor t of no bility of different clans In India, rule was started by the Slave dynasty King -A ibak. Persian and Arabic nobles were one group during Delhi Sultanate The tussle Turkish and Tajik (Ar ab and Persians) nobles became 1 intense after Iltutmish's death (1235) till the accession of Balban (1269). The Tughlaq dynasty was a Turko-Mongol or Turkic Muslim dynasty. Various racial groups were included in the Mughal nobility. The most prominent three groups were Turanis (central Asia), Iranis Afghans, Musli and Rajputs. Hence, Government of the tiod was the fusion of Perso- Arabic, Element I 'I 1,' C) S0 1-U,i 1011: '(_ ) th e correc t,xp 8 (Oll /- 7 'Ehe: plundered Somnath Mandir was rebuilt by the Paramai-a king Bhoja of Malwa and the Solanki king Bhimdev I of Anhilwara between 1

12. #12JPSC 2003
    Which Sultan of Delhi Sultanate is known as "Lakh Baks
    • AIltutmish
    • BBalban
    • CMuhammad-Bin-Tughluq
    • DQutbuddin Aybak
    Answer: (D) Qutbuddin Aybak
    Explanation

    1 '- r 1, Exp) Option d the '1 Jth-e found er of the Ddh i Sultanate's d dig known as "Lakh Baksh:' which of lakhs:' This title reflects his reputation S generously distributing liberal donations. He funded mosques, hospitals, and schools, aiding the needy with food and clothing He also bolstered Delhi's water supply and financially assisted scholars. His legacy embodies philanthropy and societal advancement, encapsulating his dedication to improving the lives of the less fortunate

13. #13State PCS 2008
    Which one of the following statements is NOT about Balban?
    • AHe propounded the theory of Niyabat-e- Khudai
    • BHe System
    • CHe eliminated the power of Turkan-e- Chahalgani
    • DHe quelled down the revolt of Bengal
    Answer: (B) He System
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Iqtadari system was actually introduced during of Iltutmish, not Balban. The Iqtadari system by Muhammad of Ghori in 1206 and and institutionalized the Iqtadari. system as of land distribution and administration. system, land tracts known as Iqtas were assigned officers, and soldiel's for revenue collection The holders of Iqtas, known as Iqtadars, for ensuring smooth administration in territories. Important Tips Facts about Balban Rule: Balban introduced the theory of "Niyabat-e-Khudai;' ing as God's rep resentative on earth, According to the theory, Kings position was second only to that of a prophet. This ideology aimed to strengthen the monarchy's authority by elevating the king's position and diminishing the power of nobles. Balban believed that this divine connection would consolidate his rule and curb the influence of the nobility Balban curtailed the influe

14. #14State PCS 1999
    The Sultan of Delhi who was very concerned about charity and alms and established a department called 'Diwan-i-Khairat' for it, was
    • AIltutmish
    • BFiruz Tughluq
    • CGhiyasuddin Shah
    • DBahlul Lodi
    Answer: (B) Firuz Tughluq
    Explanation

    bis the correct answer. Firoz Shah Tughlaq, known for his initiatives, established the 'Diwan-i-Khairat' or Department of Charity. This department aimed to support orphans and widows in the Additionally, Firoz Shah set up free ke' and introduced marriage bureaus to o s in finding suitable '(8 0 rity and alms led to these during his reign. (d) 1 s Option dis the correct Hammira Mahakavya is an epic poem written scholar Nayachandra Sud in the 15th century. It is of the 13th century Chahamana king poem describes the Chauhans as Suryavanshi, of the sun This is also supported historical sources, such as the Prithvi raj Raso. though not completely historically accurate, into the medieval history of riorth-western India. Chauhan kings, including Ha'mmira, to While the ancestry details in the text can be Sul'yavanshi lineage is emphasized, to the solar dynasty

15. #15State PCS 2000
    Which one of the following Sultans of Delhi introduced measures for improving the quality of fruits?
    • AMuhammad-Bin-Tughluq
    • BFiruz Tughluq
    • CSikandar Lodi
    • DSher Shah Suri umm
    Answer: (B) Firuz Tughluq
    Explanation

    0?, Option b is the correct an Tughluq, implemented meas ed at quality of cultivation ant ing crop focusing on fruits. R e initiated the planting 1,200 fruit gardens, with the objective of agricultural output and subsequently increasing for the sultanate. Additionally, Firuz aimed to protect the interests of peasants, officials' salaries and granting them Jagirs oppression of the rural population. This to stabilizing prices and relieving the the burdens faced during the rule of previous rulers

16. #16State PCS 1994
    During the regime of which Sultan was the Khalisa land developed on a large scale?
    • AGhiyasuddin Balban
    • BAlauddin Khalji
    • CMuhammad-Bin-Tughluq
    • DFiruz Shah Tughluq
    Answer: (B) Alauddin Khalji
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct the reign of Alauddin Khalji, the Khalisa land extensively. Khalisa land referred to the directly controlled by the ruler. A.lauddin series of land and agrarian reforms aimed at power and ensuring a stable revenue source. He abolished the iqta system, which was a system of granting land to nobles in return for military service. He brought all land under the direct control of the state and made it the basis of his revenue Khalisa land was cultivated by peasants who paid officials, audited accounts, and imposed to the state. The revenue from the Khalisa land was punishments for to finance Alauddin Khalji's military campaigns projects. This systematic approach led to the expansion administration recruited efficient revenue development of the Khalisa land under his rule. i, AND unit consists of questions from Mughal Empire and

17. #17UPSC CSE Prelims 2010
    What was the immediate reason for Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India and fight the Third Battle of Panipat?
    • AHe wanted to avenge the expulsion of his Viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore by Marathas
    • BThe frustrated Governor of Jullundhar Adina Beg Khan invited him to invade Punjab
    • CHe wanted to punish Mughal administration for non-payment of the revenues of the Chahar Mahal (Gujarat, Aurangabad, Sialkot, and Pasrur)
    • DHe wanted to annex all the fertile plains of Punjab up to the borders of Delhi to his kingdom
    Answer: (D) He wanted to annex all the fertile plains of Punjab up to the borders of Delhi to his kingdom
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Shah Tughlaq set up a separate department of Diwan-i-Bandagan. This department was the administration of slaves in the Delhi Sultanate. were employed in a variety of tasks, including the bureaucracy, and the royal household. Important Tips Significant facts about Sultanates: The Diwan -i--Ariz was a military department established by Balban in medieval India; It overseen by the for recruiting, training, and organizing he ar'itiy: This institution played a crucial role in maintaining the Sultanate's military strength and administration Alauddin Khilji introduced a unique for his military hors es. Each horse's brand represented its designated capacity and use, facilitatfog management and organization This innovation contributed to the effectiveness of his military campaigns and logistical opefations Ja laluddin Khilji was killed by his nephew and son in-law Alauddin

18. #18UPSC CAPF 2021
    Which one of the following pairs of Deccan Sultanates and their respective regions is not correctly matched?
    • ANizam Shahis Bijapur
    • BBarid Shahis Bidar
    • CQutb Shahis Golkonda
    • D!mad Shahis Berar
    Answer: (A) Nizam Shahis Bijapur
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Nizam Shahis were actually associated with the Ahmednagal', not Bijapur. The Deccan Sultanates states that emerged in the Deccan region of during the medieval period They were ruled by dynasties of the medieval period t hat ruled Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmednagar, and India. Important Tips Different dynasties of the Deccan Sultanates: Ahmednagar Sultanate: Ruled by the Nizam Shahi dynasty, it was established by Malik Ahmed Shah Bahri. Bijapm Sultanate: Ruled by the Adil Shahi dynasty, it was founded by Ismail Adil Shah in 1490 A.D. Berar Sultanate: Founded by Fath-Ullah Imad-ul- Mulk in 1490, it was ruled by the Imad Shahi dynasty. Golkonda Sultanate: The ruling family of the sultanate of Golkonda was th e Qutb Shahi dynasty. Bidar Sultanate: Founded by Qasim Barid after its independence in 1528, it was the smallest of all the five Deccan sultanates and ruled by the Bari

19. #19BPSC 2018
    Who among the following rulers divided his troops into units of two huh-d red, two hundred fifty and five hundred?
    • ABahlul Lodi
    • BSikandar Shah
    • CSher Shah
    • DIslam Shah (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
    Answer: (B) Sikandar Shah
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct answer. Ibn Battuta, the Moorish traveler, gave a detailed description of the postal system during the Sultanate period. He was amazed by the efficiency of the postal system in 14th-century India. Ibn Battuta noted that this system enabled merchants not only to send information and remit credit across long distances but also to dispatch goods required on short notice. In his account, Ibn Battuta mentioned two types of postal systems: the horse post and the foot post. The horse post utilized royal horses stationed at intervals of four miles. On the other hand, the foot post had three stations per mile, known as efficiency of this postal system was remarkable. For instance, it took around fifty days to travel from Sind to Delhi, yet news reports from spies would reach the Sultan within just five days through this well-organized postal network. Important Tips Travelle

20. #20State PCS 2000
    Which of the following rulers at first assumed the title of 'Hazrat-e-Ala' and afterwards 'Sultan'?
    • ABahlul Lodi
    • BSikandar Lodi
    • CSher Shah Sriri
    • DIslam. Shah Suri
    Answer: (C) Sher Shah Sriri
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Shah, the founder of the Sur Empire in the of the Indian subcontinent, achieved victories. He defeated Nusrat Shah, the Sultan of the latter attacked south Bihar. Sher Shah then de facto ruler of south Bihar and took on the title Additionally, he triumphed over Humayun Battle of Chausa in 1539 A.D., after which he title of Sher Shah Sultan-i-Adil

21. #21CGPSC 2014
    Which of the following was the first capital of the Bahamani Kingdom?
    • ABidar
    • BGulbarga
    • CDaulatabad
    • DHussainabad (e) None of these
    Answer: (B) Gulbarga
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct in Karnataka, India, was the first capital of Sultanate founded in 1347 by Alauddin Shah. With historical and cultural significance, mosques, tombs, and architectural marvels, past as a prominent Muslim sult anate's capital

22. #22UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
    Which one of the following is a monument constructed by Shershah?
    • AQila-i-Kuhna at Delhi
    • BAtala Masjid at Jaunpur
    • CBara Sona Masjid at Gaur
    • DQuwwat-ul-Islam Mosque at Delhi
    Answer: (A) Qila-i-Kuhna at Delhi
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Masjid, also known as the "Mosque of Fort," was constructed by Sher Shah Suri in 1541 as mosque. It stands as a remarkable Sher Manda) as the only two surviving Delhi's Pmana Qila, a project initiated by Sher ultimately completed during Humayun's reign. boasts a 5 bay structure with 3 domes, influences from the earlier periods of Sher as well as the Sayyids and the Lodis under Important Tips Facts about significant monuments: In 1408 A.O. Ibrahim Shah Sharki constructed the Atala Masjid, which later became the model for other mosques in Jaunpur. The Baradarwazi or Bara Sona Masjid, renowned as the large golden mosque, was built by Sultan Nusrat Shah in 1526 and remains the largest standing building in Gaur. As for the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, it was sponsored by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Mamluk dynasty, and stands as the earliest extant mosque built by

23. #23Previous year
    India's first tomb constructed in the Indo- Islamic style was- [U.P.P. C.S. (Spl) (Pre) 2004)
    • AHumayun's Tomb
    • BAibak's Tomb
    • CBalban's Tomb
    • DAlauddin's Tomb
    Answer: (B) Aibak's Tomb
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Aibak was an accomplished Polo, player. A.D. he slipped from his horse while playing Polo, as it was called in those days, and died. was built by his predecessor Shamsuddin is India's first tomb constructed in the Indo-Islamic style

24. #24Previous year
    The firnt true arch in the Sultanate memorial could he seen in- [Jhairkhand P.C.S. (Pre)
    • AIltutmish's tomb
    • BTomb of Balban
    • CAlai Darwaza
    • DQuwwat--ul-Islam Mosque
    Answer: (C) Alai Darwaza
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Jama Masjid of Fntehpm Sikri is also known as 'Shah- i- Fatehpur' or 'Shah--i-Sikri', It is one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in India, built by Akbar in 1571 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. Th e Jama Masjid of Fatehpur Sikri is a He ritage Site and a popular tourist attra ction. It is al so a place of pilgrimage for many.lviuslims and Hindu who visit the tomb of Sheikh Salim Ch ishti and tie threads on the lattice screens to seek his blessings. Im portant Tips The Jama Masjid of fate hp Sikd. is a splendid example of Mu ghal architecture com bining elements from Persian, Tnrldsh, and Indian style s. Th e mosque bas a rectangular courtyard surrounded by colonnaded cloisters and three domed entrances. Th e main entrance is the Buland Darwaza, which is the highest gateway in th e world, me asuring 54 metres (l 77 feet) in height. It wa

25. #25State PCS 2010
    The 'Ashtadiggajas' were associated with which of the following rulers?
    • AShivaji
    • BKrishnadeva Raya
    • CRajendra-I l
    • DYashovarman 1
    Answer: (D) Yashovarman 1
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct fort is not a world heritage site, but a tentative which means it is an inventory of those India intends to consider for nomination to the list. Mandu fort is located in Madhya Pradesh one of the largest and best-preserved forts in India. built by the Paramara rulers in the 10th century occupied by the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals, and s. The fort has many monuments, palaces, tombs that reflect the diverse architectural styles of its various occupants. Important Tips World heritage sites under the cultural sites category: Khajuraho temples are a group of Hindu and Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh that are famous for their erotic sculptures and Nagara style of architecture. Bhimbetka rock shelters are a series of caves in Madhya Pradesh that contain some of the oldest known paintings and evidence of human occupation in India. Sanchi stupa is a Buddhist monument in Ma

26. #26UPPCS 2005
    Which one of the following is the distinctive features of a nastika and astika system in India? I i
    • ABelief in the existence of God
    • BBelief in the doctrine of re-birth
    • CBelief in the authenticity of the Vedas
    • DBelief in the existence of heaven and hell
    Answer: (C) Belief in the authenticity of the Vedas
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Tughluq did not contribute to of the famous 'Qutb-Minar'. Delhi's an iconic five-tiered edifice, stands as a the efforts of rulers spanning four centuries. by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1192 to victory, the minaret bears his name, despite him its first story. Shams -ud-din Iltutmish, expanded it with three more levels by struck the top tier in 1369, leading to Tughlaq's restoration and the addition of the Sher Shah Suri built the entrance. Important Tips Fact about Qutb-Minar: In 1803, an earthquake inflicted significant damage on the fifth tower. Major Robert Smith of the British Indian Anny undertook its restoration in 1828. He elevated its stature by adding a pillared cupola above the fifth story, essentially bestowing a sixth story upon the tower. However, this additional levei was dismantled in 1848 under the directives of Henry Hardinge, the then Governor-General

27. #27Previous year
    In whose reghne Guru Dev Sikh religion?[ (Sr,l) (P.r.e) 2008)
    • AFiruz Shah Tughluq
    • BSikandar Lodi
    • CHumayun
    • DAkbar
    Answer: (B) Sikandar Lodi
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. The regime under which Guru Nanak Dev founded Sikhism was that of Sikandar Lodi, who was the Sultan of Delhi from 1489 to 1517. Sikandar Lodi belonged to the Lodi dynasty, which ruled over most of northern India from 1451 to 1526. Important Tips Significant teachings of Sikhism: Sikhs believe in one universal God, who is formless, timeless, and present in all things. Sikhs also follow the teachings and examples of ten human Gurus, who were spiritual leaders and guides for the Sikh community. The last Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, declared that the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism, would be the eternal Guru for Sikhs. Sikhism teaches that human beings are trapped in a cycle of rebirth clue to the ir ignorance and attachment to worldly things. The goal of Sikhism is to attain liberation from this cycle by realizing one's true id entity as a soul t

28. #28State PCS 1995
    What is the Jewish place of worship called?
    • AChurch
    • BSynagogue
    • CMosque
    • DNone of these
    Answer: (D) None of these
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct First Battle of Panipat was fought between the of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi. It took place on 1526 in North India. It marked the beginning of Empire. This was one of the earliest battles firearms and artillery. Ibrahim Lodi died on of battle, abandoned by his feudatories and of whom were mercenaries). Important Tips Second Battle of Panipat (1556) The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, the Hindu king who was ruling North India from Delhi, and the army of Akbar, on November 5, 1556. It was a decisive victory for Akbar's general Bairam Khan. Hemu was an adviser to Sher Shah Suri's son Islam Shah from 1545 to 1553 Hemu commanding hi s forces from atop an elephant was on a winning track and was about to rout Akbar's army, but an arrow struck Hemu's squinting eye and changed the game in fabor of Akbar

29. #29State PCS 2012
    The earliest reference of 'Magnetic Compass' is found in
    • AMiftahul Fuzala
    • BChachnama
    • CRanazatu's Safar
    • DJawamiul Hikayat
    Answer: (D) Jawamiul Hikayat
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct earliest reference of the magnetic compass is found Muhammad Aufi's second magnum JAWAM. He lived during the reign ofiltumish who Turkish sultan of the sultanate of Delhi. He coming Spanish Dutch and English, the development came to India

30. #30Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the history of Delhi: 1. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Chauhan rulers 2. Dehliwal were the coins that were in circulation in Delhi under the Tomara Rajput. 3. Tawarikh provided valuable historical information of Delhi Sultanate.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    bis the correct l is incorrect: Delhi first became the capital kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs who were the middle of the twelfth century by the Chauhans to as Chahamanas) of 2 is correct: Under the Tomaras and became an important commercial centre. Many merchants lived in the city and constructed Coins minted here, called dehliwal, had a 3 is correct: Although inscriptions, coins provide a lot of information, especially "histories" (tarikh (plura Persian, providing information regarding the Delhi Sultans. Important Tips Tarikh/Tawarikh are Persian words that refer to histories written during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal period

31. #31Practice set
    With rreference to the varhnrn taxes huposed during the reign of Shah Tughlaq, consider the following pail's:C 1. Kharaj Religious tax on non-Muslims 2. Haqq-i-sharb Tax on war booty 3. Zakat Tax on propertyHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Shah Tughlaq was the third ruler of the that ruled over Delhi from 1320 to 1412 AD. He power from 1351 to 1388 AD. Kharaj, Zakat, were some of the taxes imposed during his 1 is incorrect: Khara.j was the land tax equal to one tenth of the produce of the 2 is incorrect: Haqq-i-sharb was a water tax tax. It was taken from those cultivators their land from the water supplied from the by the state Khams was thr:: tax imposed. on the booty captured 3 is correct: Z.akat was a property tax imposed on Muslims. It is of the rate of two and a half per on property of Muslirns

32. #32Practice set
    With reference to social structure under Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements: 1. Large number of Hindu nobles were given high positions in the court of Delhi Sultanate. 2. Turkish women seemed to have enjoyed more freedom as compared to women of indigenous communities of India. 3. Slaves during sultanate period were allowed to own personal property.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct role of Delhi Sultanate was significant in India as in far-reaching changes in the Indian and cultural 1 is incorrect: The Muslim nobles occupied and very rarely the Hindu nobles were given in the government. The Hindus were or protected people, for which they were forced a tax called 2 is correct: Turkish women under the to have enjoyed a relative measure of freedom women in many indigenous communities. It most of the local communities were ridden social injunctions for 3 is correct: Slaves were allowed to marry own some personal property under Delhi of slaves was better than the domestic master of slave was obliged to provide him food while a free person may starve to Solution: Option d is the correct the State under Delhi sultanate became more efforts were made for greater centralization, also underwent a 1 is incorrect: Pargana comprised of a villages and was

33. #33Practice set
    Who among the following were referred to as the Musalman" during the Khalji dynasty?
    • AIndians who converted to Islam
    • BThe Abyssinian slaves who recently converted to Islam
    • CMongols who converted to Islam
    • DNon-Turkish free-born foreigners
    Answer: (C) Mongols who converted to Islam
    Explanation

    Option c is the con-ect Mongols who converted to Islam were called as du ring the Khalji dynasty. The Mongols by Jalaluddin Khalji near Balban's frontier line Sunam. The demoralised Mongols agreed to and about Mongols were converted to Islam near Solution: Option h i.s the correct Bin Tugblaq (1325-1351) was an innovator. a separate department Kohi) to of and loans were advanced to farmers of cattle, seeds and digging of wells but to no introduced a token cnn-ency. But the Government prevent people from forging the fake coins and soon the 'I coins flooded the markets. Thus, the Sultan was withdraw the token currency. Impol'tant Tips Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1320 to 1325. He was the first sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty. He founded the city of Tughlakabad. He died in 1325 when a pavilion built in his honour collapsed. Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388) reintroduced th

34. #34Practice set
    Consider the following statements Bin Tughlaq: 1. He Set up of a new department of Agriculture called Diwan-i-Amir Kohi. 2. 1-Ic the Adilabad fort in Delhi. 3, The fam.o us Ramcharitmanas was written during hi!, period. Hmv many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct: Mohammad Bin Tughlaq/ Jauna CE) set up a new department of Kohi. He launched a scheme by which (loans for cultivation) were given to the farmers to and to extend 2 is correct: Adilabad Fort in Delhi was built 14th Century by Muhammad bin-Tughlaq and was part of the city of Jahanpanah This is a fort built right near the Tughlaqabad Fort of Delhi. It is fort to have been built around 3 is incorrect: Ramcharitmanas, is an in the Awadhi language, based on the composed by the 16th-century Indian bhakti Tulsidas was a contemporary of Mughal (Not Mohammad Bin Tughlaq)

35. #35Practice set
    Consider the following pair of various officials in the reign of Allaudin Khilji and their description: 1. Munhiyans Secret Spies 2. Barids Intelligence Officers 3. Diwan-i- In charge of Religious Muskharaj Affairs 4. Ariz-i- In charge of Revenue MumalikHow many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three i
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct measures to control the markets and were one of the mo st important policy his reign. To ensure implementation, each market the control of a superintendent called who was assisted by an intelligence I and 2 are correct: Alauddin received daily the market from two other independent sources, officer) and Munhiyans (secret 3 is incorrect: Allaudin established a separate called as Diwan-i-Muskharaj. He also devised method for measuring land and calculating 4 is incorrect: Alauddin kept a large and army. Ariz-i-Mumalik was in charge of

36. #36Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Dagh and Chehra system during the Sultanate period in Medieval India: 1. It was introduced by Allaudin Khilji. 2. Dagh referred to t he branding of the horse for identification purposes. 3. Chehra referred to the description of soldiers.How many of the statements given above are incorrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct l is correci:: Alauddin Khilji was the first Sultan a large permanent standing army and paid them in the royal treasury. He imported horses and historian Ferishta, he recru ited 4,75,000 and Dagh System was introduced by 2 is correct: The system of Dagh was horses. It meant to identify the quality of horses Imperial army. This allowed only good-quality horses part of the 3 is correct Chehra referred to of troops. A "Chehra" or a "face" was or a record that contained information individual's ancestry, rank, and other personal documents were maintained by the court officials

37. #37Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding administration during the time of Alauddin khilji? 1. Salaries of the soldiers were paid in iqtas. 2. Prices of goods were not controlled by the state. 3. He was the first sultan of Delhi who ordered the measurement of land.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 oniy
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C1 only
    • D3 only
    Answer: (D) 3 only
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct 1 is incorrect. Alauddin was the first Delhi to pay salaries of soldiers in cash and not Sultans appointed military commanders as territories of varying sizes These lands were called 2 is incorrect. Alauddin controlled the prices in Delhi. Prices were carefully surveyed by merchants who did not sell at the prescribed rates 3 is correct. Alauddin Khilji was the who ordered the measurement (paimaish) of estimated yield per Biswa was fixed as unit of (Biswa is 20th part of Bigha). Land revenue in cash

38. #38Practice set
    Consider the following description about a famous Delhi sultan: He introduced Takkavi loans for the farmers. He was the only Delhi sultan who had received a comprehensive literary, religious and philosophical education He paid salaries of soldiers in cash. Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta was contemporary of this sultan. Which of the option given below is correct?
    • AAlauddin Khilji
    • BFiroz Shah Tughlaq
    • CMuhammad bin Tughlaq
    • DMuhammad. Ghori
    Answer: (C) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
    Explanation

    Option c is correct bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1351: He introduced Takkavi loans for the farmers to buy seeds and to extend cultivation. A separate department for agriculture, Diwan-i-kohi was established. He was the only Delhi sultan who had received a comprehensive literary, religious and philosophical education. Muhammad Tughluq also paid his soldiers in cash like Aluddin Khilji. Contemporary writers during his period were Isami, Barani, Ibn Battuta, etc

39. #39Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/ are correct regarding the Delhi sultanate period? 1. Military expeditions into southern India started during the reign of Muhammad bin-Tughlaq 0 J 2. The Delhi sultanate reached its geographical peak under Alauddin- Khilji. 3. Delhi Sultans ordered clearing of forests in Ganga-Yamuna doab to encourage agriculture.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 3 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 1 is incorrect. Military expeditions into started during the reign of Alauddin Khilji with Muhammad 2 is incorrect. The Delhi sultanate reached during 3 is correct Forests were cleared in the doab and hunter gatherers and from their habitat. These lands were given to encourage agriculture

40. #40Practice set
    Consider the following pairs:1 1. Diwan-i-ariz Defence 2. Diwan-i-amir- Agriculture i-kohi 3. Diwan-i-risalat State correspondence 4. Diwan-i-insha Religious mattersHow many of the pairs given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: Diwan-i -ariz was the military the Sultanate. It was created by 2 is correct: Diwan-i-amir-i-kohi was the for expansion and improvement of cultivation. instituted by Muhammad 3 i.s incorrect: Diwan-i-Risalat was the religious affairs It was created by Firuz 4 is incorrect: Diwan-i-insha was the department correspondence

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