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Ecology & Biodiversity — UPSC Prelims Science & Environment previous year questions — page 3

137 solved previous year questions on Ecology & Biodiversity, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from State PCS, UPPCS, UPSC CSE Prelims. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #81Practice set
   With reference to aquatic ecosystems, consider the following statements: 1. The aquatic organisms have narrow temperature tolerance limit. 2: Suspended particulate matters like clay and silt reduce the productivity of aquatic habitat. 3. Increase in temperature increases the rate of oxygen depletion.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Since water temperatures are to change, the aquatic organisms have tolerance limit. As a result, even small water temperature are a great threat to the survival 2 is correct: Transparency affects the extent penetration. Suspended particulate matters clay, silt etc make the water turbid. Consequently, the extent of light penetration and the in a significant 3 is correct: Oxygen is less soluble in warm water also enhances decomposer activity. the temperature of a waterbody increases the which oxygen is depleted from water

2. #82Practice set
   Consider the following pairs: 1. Coringa mangroves Odisha 2. Bhitarkanika Andhra Pradesh mangroves 3. Ratnagiri Maharashtra mangrovesHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (A) Only one
   Explanation

   Option a is answer. Bay of Bengal Mangrove sites in are salt-tolerant variety of plants that grow tropical and subtropical tidal areas like estuaries c.oas.tlines. According to latest forest survey in India under mangroves is 4,921 sq. mangrove forests in Andhra.Pradesh are located the estuaries of. mangroves are part of Coringa Wildlife mangroves are located on the Odisha is also an important Ramsar wetland site crocodiles and the largest-known nesting Olive Ridley Sea turtles. Ratnagiri mangroves in Maharashtra along the Konkan.coast. these sites, mangroves are also present in Andaman Island, gulf of Kutch and Sundarbans etc

3. #83Practice set
   With reference to the characteristics of the aquatic ecosystem, consider the following statements. 1. Brackish water ecosystem js. more saline than freshwater ecosystem and less saline than marine water ecosystem 2. Pangong Tso located in India is a freshwater ecosystem. 3. Dolphin species are found only in brackish water ecosystem.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Papum Reserve Forest (RF) is Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBAs) in 2 is incorrect. Mishmi tribes reside in Wildlife Sanctuary and tiger reserve of The Park is named after the Kamlang River through Kondh is a PVTG tribe living in 3 is correct. Namdapha National Park lies international border between India and Myanmar state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is only parked in to have the four Feline species of big cat namely (Panthera Tigris), Leopard (Panthera Pardus), (Panthera Uncia) and Clouded Leopard Hoolock Gibbons, the only 'ape' species found is found in this National 4 is correct. Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary is area in Arunachal Pradesh. Red panda can found Sanctuary conjoins Sessa Orchid Sanctuary to and Pakhui Tiger Reserve across the Kameng the east. It is a part of the Kameng Elephant is notable as a prime birding site. Eaglenest name from Red Eagl

4. #84Practice set
   Which among the following are the concerns regarding the industrial usage of nanoparticles? 1. They can enter the food chains and cause depletion of biodiversity. 2. They can accumulate in the environment and contaminate water and soil. 3. They can trigger the production of free radicals that leads to destruction of ozone layer.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B3 only
   • C1 and 3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is correct. They can enter food chain there as (Persistent organic pollutants) pollutants and contaminate the food chain due 2 is correct. After releasing in the will accumulate in various such as air, water, soil and sediments 3 is correct. Nanoparticles can resultin of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including like Cl-. Radicals like Cl- destroy ozone

5. #85Practice set
   Which one of the following statements best describes the "Net Present Value of the Forest"?
   • AIt is a tradeable certificate representing the right to emit one tonne of Carbon equivalent
   • BIt is the rate of the accumulation of energy in the form of biomass
   • CIt is a payment that a user has to make for diverting forestl and for non-forest use
   • DIt is the fund used for the treatment of catchment areas of the forest
   Answer: (C) It is a payment that a user has to make for diverting forestl and for non-forest use
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct I is correctly matched. Ecotone is a transitional vegetation between two different plant communities. some of the characteristics of each bordering (called edge effect) and often contains found in the overlapping communities. Ecotone is variation in species - ecotone between fresh water and salt forests - ecotone between marine and - ecotone between forest and 2 is correctly matched. An ecotype is a to one habitat) that is adapted to conditions. This species is to survive in the particular example, a population or ecotype of species found at of a mountain may differ in size, color, or a different ecotype living at higher altitudes, a sharp change in local selective 3 is correctly matched. Ecocline (ecological a gradation from one ecosystem to another when there sharp boundary between the two. Ecocline is a the physicochemical environment between two is related to

6. #86Practice set
   With reference to the mass extinctions, consider the following statements: 1. More than 99 percent of all organisms that have ever lived on Earth are extinct. 2. Climate change has been the single biggest driver of mass extinctions. I 3. The dinosaurs went extinct in the most ! recent mass extinction caused by the asteroid impact.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct extinctions are deadly events caused by various result in collapse of ecosystem and supporting However, they open up the planet for new forms to 1 is correct. More than 99 percent of that have ever lived on Earth goes extinct Extinctions. As new species evolve to fit ever niches, older species fade away. But the rate is far from constant. At least a handful of times last 500 million years, 75 to more than 90 percent of on Earth have disappeared in a geological blink of in catastrophes called mass 2 is incorrect. The single biggest driver of appears to be major changes in Earth's (and not climate change) such as large eruptions, huge volcanoes that flooded thousands of square miles with lava. These massive amounts of heat-trapping gases such dioxide into the atmosphere, enabling runaway and related effects such as ocean acidification a loss of dissolved oxygen in 3

7. #87Practice set
   Which of the following can be attributed as primarily the natural causes of biodiversity loss? 1. Lack of pollination 2. Rivalry among species 3. Habitat destruction 4. Extension of agricultureSelect the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1, 3 and 4 only
   • B1 and 2 only
   • C2, and 4 only
   • D1, 2, 3 and 4
   Answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Decline in pollinators could disruptions in natural ecosystems, including biodiversity. Pollinators may decline naturally as due to human activity. As so many plants species reliant on pollinators, if the numbers of or different pollinators become the most of many plant species is likely to be would likely lead to declines in numbers of some 2 is correct. Rivalry among species is cause for the loss of biodiversity. Invasive species ecosystems because they are better native species; they may consume food resources or more efficiently or take over habitats faster species can adapt to the new 3 is incorrect. Habitat destruction has been by human activity for the purpose of urbanisation. The world's forests, swamps, and other habitats continue to disappear as they for human consumption and cleared to for agriculture, housing, roads, pipelines and hallmar

8. #88Practice set
   Consider the following statements regarding 'Desert Ecosystem,: 1. Mammals as.a group are poorly adapted for survival in Desert across the world. 2. Some desert insects acquire water through condensation on specialized hairs or body parts. 3. Desert plants have adapted with spines and fine hairs to reflect heat and reduce the air flow over the plant's surface.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: Mammals inhabiting deserts adaptive traits that have evolved independently in different species across the studies have shown that there are shared adaptation at the genomic level involving fat insulin signalling among mammals living in mammal species have successfully adapted to and climatic challenges of deserts. Examples rats, fennec fox, camels 2 is correct: Condensation is a major avenue input to Desert ecosystems. Many plants in arid adapted to acquire water through condensation. insects also acquire water through condensation hairs or body such as cacti and desert beetles can survive environments because they've evolved mechanisms water from air. The Namib desert beetle, collects water droplets on the bumps of its V-shaped cactus spines guide droplets to the 3 is correct: Desert plants have several types. that help them conserve water. This

9. #89Practice set
   Which of the following statements is the most appropriate definition of the term 'endemic species'?
   • AThey are those species which are found exclusively in a particular area
   • BThey are whose humbers are diminishing to a level that they might face extinction. 70
   • CThese species are not the natural inhabitants of a region but are introduced from outside
   • DThese species are likely to become extinct if the factors threatening to their extinction continue
   Answer: (A) They are those species which are found exclusively in a particular area
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. On land phosphorus is in the form of phosphates. By the process and erosion phosphates enter rivers and transport them to oceans. Unlike carbon cycle, no respiratory release of phosphorus into 2 is correct. Phosphorus occurs most nature in the form of phosphate ion. The natural phosphorus is rocks, which contains phosphorus in of 3 is incorrect. From the below figure, we can the phosphorus cycle is made up of a series of They are not unidirectional i.e moving in from soil to plants and to of p cycling In

10. #90Practice set
    With reference to 'Black Browed Babbler' species, recently seen in news, consider the following statements: 1. It is a songbird species mainly found in Indonesia. 2. It is categorised as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. 3. In India, it can be sighted in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. HrHow many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is correct. Black Browed Babbler is a in the family of Pellorneidae, recently south-eastern Kalimantan, the part of Borneo that by of the bird: The upper parts of the bird were while the underparts up to the breast were fine white streaking. The bird has a broad black and the iris was found to be deep red. The legs 2 is incorrect. IUCN Status: Data IUCN says that the global population size of has not been quantified, but the species is described 3 is incorrect. Black-browed Babbler is not India. single specimen of the bird was first found between 1848 during an expedition in Indonesia. that, the species was never seen in the wild again. is known for the longest known missing period ( for any Asian species. It is also often called 'the in Indonesian ornithology'

11. #91Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Asian Elephants:l. India hosts more than half of the world's wild Asian elephant population. 2. They are protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 3. According to the elephant census of 2017, Kerala has the highest number of elephants in India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: Asian elephants once roamed of Asia, now they're restricted to just of range. There are now only about Elephants found in 13 range states. More than wild population exists in India alone Practicehook is The Asian,Elephant has in India by its,1 of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) are also included in Appendix I of the Convention Trad,e Jn Endan,gered Species of Wild 3 is incorrect: India has about 27,000 which is the world's largest population of, As per census I.e., Elephant.Karnataka has the highest number of followed by Assam (5,719) and Kerala (3,054)

12. #92Practice set
    Which of the following species of exotic plants were introduced by the Britishers during the colonial period in the regions mentioned below? 1. Prosopis Juliflora in North India 2. Eucalyptus in Nilgiris 3. Oaks in Western HimalayasSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is correct: Prosopis Juliflora, more as the Mexican Mesquite (tree native to a tree alien to the Indian subcontinent. It was to India in 1877, and soon it spread out India (as it is an invasive species). It was brought fulfil fuelwood requirements in dry arid 2 is correct: The British introduced eucalyptus native) in the Nilgiris and the plateaus This was because they believed the wood of serve well as fuelwood. They cleared the Shola vegetation of the Nilgiris to make space for species which caused significant loss of unique plant and animal biodiversity, as well as local resources like groundwater, as the water with deep roots was not suited to this 3 is incorrect: Oaks were the original native widespread in the Western Himalayas. However, undertook large scale plantation of Pines region. This was because Pine wood was considered and more resistant to weather

13. #93Practice set
    This species is generally found at high altitude areas above meters in India. They are facing a threat of habitat loss and poaching. To conserve their habitat Secure Himalaya project was launched with the support of UNDP. They are known to be found in Great Himalayan National Park. Which of the following species has been described in above paragraph?
    • ARed Panda
    • BHangul
    • CSnow Leopard
    • DKondana Rat
    Answer: (C) Snow Leopard
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct leopards are distributed across the 100,146 sq. km forests in five Himalayan states - Jammu Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim The range of snow leopard in India is area National Park, Gangotri National National Park and Great Park are some protected areas where snow known to be loss, poaching and increasing conflict have seen the world's snow leopard drastically. Climate change is now putting the their mountain home at even greater Himalaya project, launched by the Ministry in collaboration with United Program (UNDP) will cover Himachal and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Sikkim. Among areas of focus, the project will work on curbing the smuggling and poaching

14. #94Practice set
    With reference to the Himalayan Brown Bear, consider the following: 1. It is a critically endangered species of bear found only in India. 2. Its habitat include high altitude open valleys and pastures. 3. It is the only beer species that hibernates in the summers and not the winters.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. Himalayan Brown Beer is species in India but is categorised as LEAST as per IUCN and is spread over central Himalaya, including India, Pakistan, Tibetan Autonomous Region of China and 2 is correct. Its habitat includes high valleys and pastures. 3 is incorrect. All beer species hibernate only and not in summers. Hibernation or "winter the state of inactivity or low metabolic process the animals during winters. Aestivation or on the other hand, is the low metabolic process by during summers

15. #95Practice set
    With reference to Asian elephants which of the following statements is/are incorrect? 1. Asian elephants has been recently given global protection under Convention of migratory species (CMS). 2. MIKE Programme has been launthed by CMS as an effort to conserve elephant population in India.Select the correct answer using the cocle given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • Dnor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Asian Elephants are included in the Appendix I of the Convention of the Migratory the recently concluded Conference of Parties of CMS Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat in February 2020. Under 13 mainland Asian Elephant gets global 2 is incorrect. Monitoring of Illegal Elephants (MIKE) Programme was established by on International Trade in Endangered Species Fauna and Flora (CITES) (and not by CMS) adopted tenth Conference of the Parties in 1997. It was started Asia in Option d is the correct Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate has released 'Marine Mega Fauna and 'National Marine Turtle Action are the types of seas turtle found in India

16. #96Practice set
    In which of the following regions of India are you most likely to come across the Great Indian Hornbill' in its natural habitat?
    • ASand deserts of northwest India
    • BHigher Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir
    • CSalt marshes of western Gujarat
    • DWestern Ghats
    Answer: (D) Western Ghats
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Great Indian Hornbill is the largest hornbill found It lives in the broad-leaved evergreen and forests of the Western Ghats and the Nilgiris. the state bird of Kerala. It is found in the evergreen Kerala and are also distributed along the foothills of in the North East India

17. #97Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. It is a nocturnal found only in the northern part Andhra Pradesh in peninsular India. 2. The species was consider ed to be. extinct until it was rediscovered in 1986. 3. Wildlife Sanctuary.Which of the following species is described 'above?
    • ASociable Lapwing
    • BWhite-bellied Heron
    • CJerdon's Courser
    • DBilled Sandpiper
    Answer: (C) Jerdon's Courser
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Jerdon's Courser is a nocturnal bird found only in part of Andhra Pradesh in peninsular species was considered to be extinct until it in 1986 and the area of rediscovery declared as the Sri Lankamaleswara Its habitat is undisturbed scrub jungle with

18. #98Practice set
    This is a protected area located on the eastern coast of India and is home to the second largest mangrove ecosystem in the country. The protected area also has a Ramsar site. Recently the state government has launched a two-year conservation project for fishing cats in this protected area. This protected area is also a home to salt water crocodiles in India. In the above which of the following protected area has been defined?
    • ASunderbans National Park
    • BSajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary
    • CBhitarkanika National Park
    • DPoint Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary
    Answer: (C) Bhitarkanika National Park
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct In the estuarial Brahmani-Baitarani region of the northeastern Kendrapara district of Odisha, Park is located which is home to second ecosystem in the is a 145 Sq km large national park which was designated September 1998 and obtained the status of a in August 2002 i.e, second Ramsar site of the State Chilika Park is home to the saltwater crocodile, black ibis, wild boar, rhesus monkey, chital, monitor lizard. Bhitarkanika has one of the of endangered saltwater crocodile in the Odisha Forest department has started a two year conservation project for fishing cats in Park

19. #99Practice set
    Consi.der the following pairs: 1. Pilbhit Uttar Pradesh 2. Pench Maharashtra 3. Ranthambor RajasthanHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct: The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is situated in district of Uttar Pradesh, forming part of the Landscape, in the upper Gangetic Plain The habitat is characterized by sal forests, and swamps, maintained by periodic 2 is correct: The Pench Tiger Reserve is located at slopes of the Satpura range of Central India. It in the states of Maharashtra and Madhya Tiger Reserve comprises of the Indira National Park, the Pench Mowgli Sanctuary and 3 is correct: Ranthambhore is located at the boundary fault) of Aravalis and Vindhyan ranges There are many ruins of a bygone era scattered the jungle, which give a unique, wonderful and of nature, history and wildlife

20. #100Practice set
    With respect to tiger reserves in India, which of the following statements is correct?
    • AThese are created for the protection of tigers and also their prey base
    • BNational Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is the final authority which creates a tiger reserve
    • CState government on its own can alter the boundaries of a tiger reserve
    • DBy creation of a tiger reserve, the rights of forest dwellers are no longer recognized in the core area
    Answer: (A) These are created for the protection of tigers and also their prey base
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct reserv.es are areas notified for the protection of and also its prey. These are governed by Project was launched in 1973. Important Tips Tiger Reserves: A tiger is notified by the state government based on the recommendations Thus NTCA is not the final authority it only has a recommendatory role in the creation of a tiger reserve. No alteration in the boundaries of a tiger reserve can be made except on the recommendation of NTCA and the approval of National Board for Wildlife. A core is kept as inviolate the purpose of tiger conservation. But the creation of a zone of tiger reserve does not affect the rights of the Schedule Tribes or such other forest dwellers

21. #101Practice set
    With reference to a tiger reserve, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. A tiger reserve is notified by a state government. 2. The concerned Gram Sabha is consulted for determining the limits of buffer zone of a tiger reserve. 3. Tiger reserves are not treated as protected areas under Wildlife Protection Act 1972.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct is correct. Tiger reserves are notified government on recommendations of National Also, a:. national park can by 2 is correct. The limits of buffer zone of a are determined onthe,basis.of scientific in consultation with concerned gram committee constituted for the 3 is incorrect. Protected Area has fieeri' the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. PAs in India Parks, Sanctuaries, Conservation / and Tiger Reserves. It does not include

22. #102Practice set
    Match the following pairs of Ramsar sites and their respective characteristics:A. 1. First Ramsar site in Complex Bihar B. Kabartal 2. Important breeding Wetland area in India for Black necked Crane C. Sur Sarovar 3. Human-made reservoirSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • AA-2, B-3, C-1
    • BA-1, B-2, C-3
    • CA-2, B-1, C-3
    • DA-1, B-3, C-2
    Answer: (C) A-2, B-1, C-3
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Kar wetland Complex- It acts as an important for migratory birds along the Central Asian is one of the most important breeding areas in the black-necked Wetland in Bihar's Begusarai district has as a wetland of international importance - such wetland in the state to be recognized under Sarovar, also known as Keetham Lake, is a human made reservoir. It was originally created to supply the city of Agra in summer, the wetland soon became and rich ecosystem

23. #103Practice set
    Which one among the following can permit for the removal or exploitation of wildlife or forest produce in India?
    • AChief Minister of the State
    • BUnion Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
    • CGram Panchayat
    • DChief Wild Life Warden
    Answer: (D) Chief Wild Life Warden
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct answer. ( ) ACT, 1972 provides for of wildlife advisory Board, Wildlife their powers, duties etc. It states that no person shall or remove any wild life including forest produce sanctuary or destroy or damage or divert the habitat of animal by any act whatsoever or divert, stop or flow of water into or outside the sanctuary, except in accordance with a permit granted by the Chief Warden. Also, no such permit shall be granted State Government being satisfied in consultation National Board that such removal of wild life from or the change in the flow of water into or sanctuary is necessary for the improvement and of wild life therein, authorises the issue of

24. #104Practice set
    With reference to the Important Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Areas (ICMBAs), consider the following statements: 1. They were established to achieve the goals under the Aichi Biodiversity Target. 2. All the ICMBAs are upgraded as Protected Areas under the category of Communities Reserve.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 or 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct coastal and marine sites have been identified as Important Coastal and Marine (ICMBAs) by the Wildlife Institute of India. have been. identified along the west coast of 44 have been identified along the east l is correct. Important Coastal and Areas (ICMBAs) were established to National Biodiversity Target no 6 and Aichi They aim to conserve a substantial portion coastal and marine areas in the country and 2 is incorrect. 22 ICMBAs (not all) have for immediate conservation actions and be upgraded as Protected Areas under categories such Conservation or Communities Reserve. This will of the local communities in governance

25. #105Practice set
    Kameng-Sonitpur Landscape, Brahmagiri- Nilgiri-Eastern Ghat Landscape and Anamalai-N ellianpathy-High Range Landscape, all three are well known
    • ATiger Reserves
    • BEco-sensitive Zones
    • CElephant Reserves
    • DNational Parks
    Answer: (C) Elephant Reserves
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Elephant was launched by the Government of the year 1992 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme objectives

26. #106Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: 1. Parambikulam Tamil Nadu 2. Dandeli-Anshi Karnataka 3. Satkosia Odisha 4. Kamlang AssamHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Reserves are areas of protection for tigers. They conserve the habitat to ensure a viable population of along with their prey base in their habitat. There tigers reserves in India. The Project Tiger governs and the National Tiger Conservation administers 1 is incorrect. Parambikulam Tiger reserve is Kerala. It is in the Sungam range of hills between Hills and Nelliampathy Hills. Sanctuary is declared as part of the 2 is correct. Dandeli-Anshi Tiger reserve is Karnataka. It has been renamed to Kali Tiger park is a habitat of Bengal tigers, black panthers elephants, amongst other distinctive fauna. The flows through the tiger reserve and is the lifeline of and hence the 3 is correct. Satkosia Tiger reserve is located in is located where the Mahanadi River passes through a long gorge in the Eastern Ghats 4 is incorrect. Kamlang Tiger reserve is located Pradesh. It is

27. #107Practice set
    With reference to Conservation Breeding Programme in India, consider the following statements: 1. It has been started under the supervision of the Central Zoo Authority. 2. The Central Zoo Authority provides financial assistance to the participating zoos. 3. The Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species is the only institute in the country working towards conservation of endangered wildlife using modern biotechnology.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Breeding, also known as "captive propagation", process of maintaining plants or animals in such as wildlife reserves, zoos, and other conservation facilities. E.g., of lion-tailed macaque in Arignar Anna 1 is correct. Conservation Breeding India has been started under the supervision of the Authority. The Central Zoo Authority had 73 species for planned conservation 18 species have already been taken off off-display conservation breeding in different 2 is correct. The Central Zoo Authority 100 financial assistance for coordinating for improving the existing enclosures in The Coordinating Zoo shall create a housing per the design approved by CZA in off-display area of breeding 3 is correct. Laboratory for Conservation Species is a dedicated CSIR, Hyderabad. It is the only institute in the towards conservation of endangered modern biotechnology. is the in India that

28. #108Practice set
    Which one of the following statements correctly describes the term 'Biodiversity Coldspots'?
    • AAreas that have relatively low biological diversity but are experiencing a high rate of habitat loss
    • BAreas identified by the Conservation International that harbor the majority of Earth's species
    • CAreas situated in polar areas that are experiencing a high rate of habitat loss
    • DAreas that have high species endemism and high degree of threat
    Answer: (A) Areas that have relatively low biological diversity but are experiencing a high rate of habitat loss
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Coldspots are the areas that have relatively diversity but are also experiencing a high habitat loss. Although a Biodiversity Coldspot is low richness, it is also important to conserve, as it home to rare flora and fauna. Such areas might cause conflicts due to low opportunity costs

29. #109Practice set
    With regard to Soor Sarovar Lake consider the following statements:L It is also known Keetham lake. 2. It was declared as a Wetland of International importance under Ramsar Convention.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Soor Sarovar Lake is also Keetham lake and is situated alongside river Agra, Uttar Pradesh. The lake is situated within Sarovar Bird Sanctuary which was declared as a in the year 2 is correct. Soor Sarovar Lake was a Wetland of International importance under

30. #110Practice set
    With reference to Recovery Programme for End ered,Species, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Central Zoo Authority is the final body which decides to include a species under this programme. 2. It is part of a centnllly sponsored scheme- Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. The National Board for not Central Zoo Authority) adds species to for Critically Endangered on of a Standing 2 is correct. The programme is one of the of the Integrated Development. of (IDWH) a centrally sponsored scheme. It is providing support to protected areas, protection outside protected areas and recovery saving critically endangered species and habitats

31. #111Practice set
    With reference to the process for creation of a tiger reserve, consider the following: 1. Tiger Reserves are notified by state governments as per the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. 2. The Tiger Reserves cannot be de-notified by state governments 3. Recently, Ramgarh Vishdhari wildlife sanctuary has been approved as tiger reserve in Telangana.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Practkebook Lis correct. Tiger Reserves are notified by as per provisions of the Wildlife 1972 on advise of the National Tiger 2 is incorrect; State Governments cannot a tiger reserve, except in public interest with the National Tiger Conservati_on for Wild 3 is incorrect. Ramgarh sanctuary has been recently approved as reserve and not in Telangana

32. #112Practice set
    With reference to National Parks in India, consider the following statements: 1. Guru Ghasidas National Park is home to the species of Golden langurs in Iridia. 2. Bandipur National Park is located at the tri-junction area of the states of Karnataka, Tamil Na'.du and Kerala. 3. Pakke Tiger Reserve is famous for its hornbill conservation programme; 4. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary has been endangered due to spread of the invasive African Mushi fish.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect. Guru Ghasidas National Park fourth tiger reserve situated in the state of Chattisgarh. contiguous to the Sanjay Gandhi National Park of It is not home to Golden habitat of Golden langurs is restricted to the Bhutan, and around Manas river, Sankosh river, River in the North East India. Golden endemic to western Assam (India) and Southern 2 is correct. Bandipur National Park in 1973 under Project Tiger. In 1985, by areas from Venugopala Wildlife Park, it and named as Bandipur National Park. It is two contiguous districts (Mysore and Karnataka and is located at the tri-junction area of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. It forms a part Biosphere Reserve. The park is located between river in the north and the Moyar river in the Nugu river runs through the park. It is Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu) and Sanctuary 3 is correct. Pakke Tiger Reserve ha

33. #113Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Project Dolphin: I. The proposed project is aimed at saving Gangetic river dolphins only. 2. Protecting the dolphins and its habitat will ensure conservation of aquatic lives of the river.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. In the Independence Day 2020, Prime Minister announced the plan to launch Dolphin. The project is aimed at saving both marine dolphins. Project Dolphin will be on of Project Tiger, which has helped increase the Project Dolphin is expected to be the Ministry of Environment, Forest and 2 is correct. Aquatic life is an indicator of of river ecosystems. As the Gangetic dolphin is at of the food chain, protecting the species and its ensure conservation of aquatic lives of the river

34. #114Practice set
    Which of the following Indian Biosphere Reserves is a part of UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Network? 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 2. Panna Biosphere Reserve 3. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve 4. Manas Biosphere ReserveSelect the correct option using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B1, 3 and 4 only
    • C2, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer. 1 is correct: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was 1986 and declared a part of UNESCO Man and (MAB) network. It includes protected areas Mudumafai, Nagarhole, Bandipur, Nilambur, and Silent Valley. It was also declared World Heritage Site in 2 is correct: Panna national park was created in subsequently declared a Tiger Reserve in 1994. It recently included as a Biosphere Reserve in network in November, 3 is correct: Nokrek Biosphere Reserve. in 1986 and added to UNESCO's MAB 2009. It is a part of Meghalaya Plateau and is the of Garo Hills. It is famous for its population of and also for being the origin of germplasm of 4 is incorrect: Manas biosphere reserve in 1990. It is also a tiger reserve and Heritage Site. It is famous for rare and like Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden pygmy hog, Wild water buffalo, Bengal Pangolin, etc. But Manas Biosphere reserve

35. #115Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Deepor Beel: 1. It is a saltwater lake located in the Indian state of Meghalaya. 2. It has been declared as an Important Bird Area by the International. 3. It is a region of dispute between India and Bangladesh.How many of the above statements are incorrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. Deepor Beel is a freshwater lake located to the south-west of Guwahati, district of Assam (not Meghalaya). It is one of the largest heels in the Brahmaputra valley of it is categorised as representative of the wetland the Burma monsoon forest biogeographic 2 is correct. Considering the richness of the found in the beel, the International Deepor Beel as an Important Bird Area high priority for conservation. It is also Assam's site designated in 2002 for sustaining a range life forms besides 219 species of 3 is incorrect. Deepor Beel lies to the North It does not touch the border of Bangladesh is no dispute regarding Deepor Beeel betwe.en and Bangladesh have dispute over sharing of river Tessta, which is a right bank tributory of

36. #116Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: I. Orans Jharkhand 2. Sarana Rajasthan 3. Pavithra Vana Andhra PradeshHow many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect - Orans are the sacred woodland Rajasthan. They have been a source of natural wealth fuel, berries, timber, roots and herbs and water irrigation in Aravallis. The main water source livestock population in Johad which exists in the 2 is incorrect - Jharkhand's sacred groves, to as sarnas, are central to the tribal and heritage. These patches of forests with sal a cluster of other tree species are places of worship tribals in the 3 is correct - Sacred groves in Andhra Pradesh as Pavithravana. These are declared in various to increase protection. Several communities feel ranges as sacred and worship the trees there. Important Tips Sacred groves comprise patches of forests or natural vegetation - from a few trees to forests of several acres - that are usually dedicated to local folk deities. Felling of trees, harming animals and plucking leaves are usua

37. #117Practice set
    Consider the following statements about Biosphere reserves (BR) and National Parks (NP): 1. Existing National Parks.can be made part of Biosphere Reserves. 2. Biosphere reserves focus on conservation of some specific flagship species while National Parks put emphasis on conservation of overall biodiversity. 3. Unlike Biosphere Reserves, National parks also focus on local people's participation in conservation of species.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct reserves are sites established by countries under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere 1 is correct: The existing National Park part of the BR without any change in their 2 is incorrect: BRs put emphasis on overall biodiversity and landscape, rather than flagship species. Protected areas on the other on conservation and management of on certain flagship species or a 3 is incorrect: In case of Biosphere Reserves an increase in broad basing of stakeholders, people's participation and their Training, the features of scheme on Wildlife Sanctuaries Parks

38. #118Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the 'Marine Protected Areas (MPA 1. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 defines MPAs as "areas declared by the appropriate government and extends up to 24 nautical miles:' 2. MPAs can be declared both as National Park or as Wildlife Sanctuary. 3. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park is located on the Andaman Islands.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct has a large coastline of more than have been taken to preserve coastal declaration of certain areas as Marine 1 is incorrect: The Wildlife Protection provide regulations pertaining to the but it does not explicitly define a marine Generally, A Marine Protected Area is a zone in or littoral area where anthropogenic activities more strictly than the surrounding 2 is correct: India has MPAs declared both parks and sanctuaries. Some examples National Sanctuaries Bhitarkanika (Odisha) Gulf of Kutch (Gujarat) Sunderbans (West Bengal) Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary Gahirmatha (Odisha) Fudam (Daman and Diu) Coringa (Andhra 3 is correct: Mahatma Gandhi Marine is located on the Andaman Islands. The park to protect corals and nesting sea turtles this area

39. #119Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the Project Snow Leopard: 1. It is a global initiative for protection of Snow Leopard in the Himalayan region. 2. It will also restore degraded landscape in the high-altitude Himalayan region. 3. High altitude regions of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh are included in the Project Snow Leopard.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: Project Snow Leopard is Sponsored Scheme launched for protection of snow leopards. It is an Indian initiative conservation of the species in high 2 is correct: Project Snow Leopard will to design and implement restoration programmes areas that have restoration 3 is correct: It is operational in five and Jammu Kashmir (Including Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Important Tips Snow leopards act as an indicator of the health of the mountain ecosystem in which they live, due to their position as the top predator in the food web. Hence, Project Snow Leopard had been launched for their conservation in 2009. India also launched the project 'Secure Himalayas' in collaboration with UNDP to promote sustainable management of alpine pastures and forests in the high range Himalayan ecosystems to secure conservation of globally significant wildlife, including en

40. #120Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the National Parks in India: 1. No alteration of boundaries of a national park can be made except on the recommendation of the National Board of Wildlife (NBWL). 2. Generally, livestock grazing is prohibited in a National Park. 3. Assam has the highest number of national parks in India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 provides for the National Parks by the State Governments in addition declaration of WLS. Territorial waters can be areas to be declared as WLS or NPs for the protection marine flora and 1 is correct: As per the Wildlife Protection 1972, no alteration of boundaries of a WLS or NP can except on the recommendation of the National Wildlife 2 is correct: Difference between National and Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS)

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