Directions: In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason Read the statements and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): The neutral phase of the Southern Oscillation is linked to below average monsoon in India. Reason The neutral phase of the Southern O

(A) is wrong but (R) is correct

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(A) is correct but (R) is wrong

UPSC Prelims PYQ › Geography › Climatology

Climatology — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 5

212 solved previous year questions on Climatology, papers from 1993 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

212 questions

6 pages

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#161Practice set
Which of the following are the reasons for the Gulf type climate to be considered as best for growing of cotton? 1. Long hot growing season with 200 frost free days. 2. Adequate Rainfall from frequent light showers with bright sunshine between them. 3. Sea breezes and warming effect from the ocean in the maritime districts.Select the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only mli RAPHY
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Option d is the correct type climate is also known as the Warm Margin (China Type) Climate. This type of found on the eastern margins of continents in latitudes. Cotton grows in tropical and sub-tropical warm humid climate. Annual temperature requirement is Equitable temperature distribution and bright sunshine is desirable. Annual rainfall of 55-100 cm is ideal for cotton Cultivation. At least 200 frost-free days are desirable for cotton cultivation. Fertile, saline soil with high water-retention capacity is ideal for cotton cultivation. Loamy soil with high calcium carbonate is best for cotton l is correct. Gulf climate has long, hot with 200 days frost free and a moderately permits the cotton to grow slowly and six months. Statement 2 is correct. Gulf climate has rainfall in the 60 cm to 150 cm. The gulf climate receives coming from frequent light showers along sunshine between them w
#162Practice set
Consider the statements regarding 'Economic activities in Siberian Climate':l. Lumbering is the most important occupation of the region. 2. Lumbering activities in the region are carried out in the summer season when the sap from the trees ceases to flow.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian) Climate only in the northern hemisphere where within the high latitudes have a broad l is correct: Lumbering is the most of the Siberian type of climate. The vast coniferous forests provide the basis for the The various species of pine, fir, larch and felled and transported to the saw-mills for the temperate soft-woods. There is little agriculture, as can survive in the sub-Arctic climate of these 2 is incorrect: Lumbering is normally in the winter (not in summer) when the sap ceases This makes felling much simpler. The also makes logging and haulage a relatively easy logs are dragged to the rivers and float to the sawmills downstream when the rivers thaw in spring. This assisted the development of the lumbering eastern Canada and Sweden
#163Practice set
Consider the following statements regarding or Arctk climate: 1. The human activities in the tundra region are largely confined to the interiors of the continent. 2. The region is completely devoid of vegetation due to frozen soil. 3. The region is devoid of mineral wealth leading to underdeveloprn.ent of the transport system.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (D) None
Explanation
Option d is the correct polar or tundra type of climate is found mainly the Arctic Circle in the northern hemisphere. The icecaps are confined to Greenland and to the highlands of regions, where the ground is or Tundra type of l is incorrect: Human activities of the tundra confined to the coast. Where plateaux and the altitude (mostly interior of the landmass), it for these are permanently 2 is incorrect: The tundra climate (ET) is after the types of vegetation, like low lichens and flowering plants (so Tundra climate devoid of vegetation). This is the region of the sub soil is permanently frozen. The short and water logging support only low growing 3 is incorrect: The Arctic region, once completely useless, is now of some economic settlements have sprung up because of the minerals. Gold is mined in Alaska, nickel near Petsam petroleum in the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska; at the Rankin Inlet,
#164Practice set
Consider the following statements: 1. Lakshadweep Islands are characterized by hilly terrain and lush forests. 2. Coral reefs are found along the coasts of both Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. 3. India's only active volcano is found in Andaman and Nicobar.How many of the above statements are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone Practice
Answer: (C) All three
Explanation
Option c is the correct 1 is correct: ITCZ exists because of of the trade winds. In the northern northeast trade winds converge with southeast the Southern Hemisphere. The point at which winds converge forces the air up into the the 2 is correct: The Intertropical or ITCZ, is the region that circles the Earth, near where the trade winds of the Northern and come together. The intense sun and of the equator heats the air in the ITCZ, raising and making it buoyant. Aided hy the trade winds, the buoyant air rises. As the air rises and cools, releasing the accumulated moisture almost perpetual series of Trade Winds Trade Wiuds Solution: Option c is the correct latitudinal distribution of atmospheric pressure is as horizontal distribution of atmospheric pressure. characterized by low and high-pressure belts. There seven pressure belts on the a is correct: The sub-tropical high-pressure located
#165Practice set
Consider the following pairs:Local'sform Characteiistk 1. Blossom Useful for coffee Shower plantation 2. Mango Shower Post-monsoon showers 3. Nor Westers Evening thunderstorms in Assam 4. Loo A hot and dry summer windHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- COnly three
- DAll four
Answer: (C) Only three
Explanation
Option c is the correct May and June are the months of summer in These months of hot weather season are many local storms. Some Famous Local Storms of Season: l is correct: Blossom Shower: Blossom Showers Pre-Monsoon Rains. Blossom Showers in Kerala, the flowering of plantation crops like Coffee and 2 is incorrect: Mango Shower: Towards the summer, there are pre-monsoon showers which common phenomenon in Kerala and coastal areas Locally, they are known as mango showers help in the early ripening of 3 is correct: Nor Westers: These are dreaded in Bengal and Assam. Their can be understood from the local nomenclature These showers are useful for tea, jute and In Assam, these storms are known as 4 is correct: Loo: Loo are hot and dry winds, which strongly over the northern plains of India and the months of May and June. Their temperature to These winds raise the temperature region, and expos
#166Practice set
Directions: In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason Read the statements and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): The neutral phase of the Southern Oscillation is linked to below average monsoon in India. Reason The neutral phase of the Southern Oscillation usually brings areas of high pressure to the western Indian Ocean
- ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- BBoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
- C(A) is correct but (R) is wrong
- D(A) is wrong but (R) is correct
Answer: (D) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
Explanation
Option d is the correct neutral phase of Southern Oscillation (SO) is tropical eastern south Pacific Ocean experiences the tropical eastern Indian Ocean experiences The neutral phase of SO is considered good (Hence, Assertion is wrong) as it usually of high pressure to the western Indian Ocean (Hence, Reason is correct) but, in years when El Nino occurs, gets shifted eastward, bringing high pressure and suppressing the monsoon, especially in the monsoon begins to develop. Hence, option d is answer
#167Practice set
Consider the following statements: 1. The southwest monsoon is a continuation of the southeast trade winds. 2. The monsoon enters West Bengal from the south-westerly direction. 3. The passage of cyclonic depressions cause widespread rain during the season of retreating monsoon. 4. The Coromandel coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- COnly three
- DAll four
Answer: (C) Only three
Explanation
Option c is the correct April and May when the sun shines vertically Tropic of Cancer, the large landmass in the north ocean gets intensely heated. This causes the an intense low pressure in the northwestern part of l is correct: Since the pressure in the in the south of the landmass is high as water slowly, the low-pressure cell over the Indian the southeast trades across the Equator. monsoon may thus, be seen as a the southeast trades deflected towards the after crossing the Equator. These winds Equator between and 2 is incorrect: The Bay of Bengal branch coast of Myanmar and part of southeast Bangladesh. Arakan Hills along the coast of Myanmar deflect a of this branch towards the Indian subcontinent. therefore, enters West Bengal and south and southeast instead of from the southwesterly 3 is correct: The widespread rain during of retreating monsoon is associated with of cyclonic depre
#168Practice set
With reference to Season of Retreating Monsoon in India, consider the following statements: 1. October heat is a weather condition associated with the retreating monsoon season. 2. The retreating southwest monsoon season is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct climatic conditions of India can best be described of an annual cycle of seasons. The the following four seasons: (i) the cold (ii) the hot weather season ( ) the season (iv) the retreating monsoon Season of Retreating l and 2 are correct: The months of November are known for retreating monsoons. southwest monsoon season is marked by and rise in temperature. The land is still moist. the conditions of high temperature and humidity, becomes rather oppressive. This is as the 'October
#169Practice set
With reference to the effects of monsoon on lives of Indian people and the economy of India, consider the following statements: 1. The unique wetland agriculture practiced in Marathwada region is attributed to the Monsoon rains. 2. Monsoon rainfall is a major source of soil erosion in India. 3. Winter rainfall by Monsoons in northwestern India is highly beneficial for rabi crops.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone --El
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation
Option a is the correct l is incorrect: Marathwada usually rainfall during Monsoon. The region is far from coast and eastern coast - and the mountain Western Ghats restricts all the weather activity and little for Marathwada and interior Peninsular 2 is correct: Sudden monsoon burst of soil erosion over large areas in India. to rainfall is a major type of water induced soil 3 is incorrect: Winter rainfall by in north India is highly beneficial for rabi do not cause rain in the north-western part in winters to have any beneficial effect on the
#170Practice set
With reference to the climatic of India according to the pairs:Type of Climate Area 1. Monsoon with West coast of India short dry season south of Goa 2. Monsoon with Coromandel coast dry summer of Tamil Nadu 3. Tropical savannah Western 4. Monsoon with Most of North-east dry winter India 5. Cold humid Arunachal Pradesh winter with short summerHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?
- AOnly two
- BOnly three
- COnly four
- DAll five
Answer: (B) Only three
Explanation
Option b is the correct evergreen forests are found in warm and Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified, closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs with short structured trees followed by tall 1 is correct. The tropical evergreen occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm Tropical evergreen forests of India are found western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar 2 is incorrect. The areas having a 15 to 30 degrees Celsius are conducive for the tropical evergreen forests. They occupy about seven of the earth's land surface and habours more than half world's plants and animals. They are found mostly 3 is correct. Tropical Evergreen Forests and multi-layered. They harbour many types of animals. The trees are evergreen as there is no drought. They are mostly tall and hardwood are broad and give out excess water through
#171Practice set
Consider the following regarding Indian Monsoon: 1. During Summer, intense low pressure in the north-western part of the subcontinent helps in the northward shift in the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). 2. The onset of monsoon in India denotes withdrawal of easterly jet stream from its position over the Indian plains. 3. The retreating southwest monsoon season is marked by a great fall in temperature.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation
Option a is the correct l is correct: In the summer season, During May when the sun shines vertically over the Tropic the large landmass in the north of Indian ocean heated. This causes the formation of an pressure in the northwestern part of the the pressure in the Indian Ocean in the south landmass is high as water gets heated slowly, the low pressure cell attracts the southeast trade winds across These conditions help in the northward shift in of the 2 is incorrect: The shift in the position of is also related to the phenomenon of the the westerly jet stream (and not the easterly jet its position over the north Indian plain, south Himalayas. The easterly jet stream sets in along N only after the western jet stream has withdrawn the region. This easterly jet stream is held the burst of the monsoon in 3 is incorrect: The months of October are known for retreating monsoons. southwest mon
#172Practice set
Consider the following statements regarding 1. These are the evening thunderstorms of hot weather season in Assam. 2. These showers are useful for tea, jute and rice cultivation.Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2 PHY
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct answer. Due to the apparent northward movement of the start rising from March, toward the end of low-pressure trough is developed which extends from Desert in the northwest to the Chotanagpur the east. In the eastern and North-Eastern parts of violent thunderstorms at a speed of km to 80 km per hour are experienced. Their mainly from the North-West hence they are called l is correct: The Norwcsters occur in the Baisakh and thus are locally known as Kalbaisakhi and Bardosila in Assam. These are the local Hot Weather 2 is correct: Apart from its destructive effects local storms during hot weather, they are also useful cultivation of tea, jute and rice
#173Practice set
Consider the following statements regarding the Cold Weather Season in India: 1. Weak temperate cyclones from the Mediterranean Sea cause rainfall in the north-western parts of India. 2. The cold winds coming from Turkmenistan bring cold wave along with frost and fog over the northwestern parts of India.Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct l is correct: Winter monsoons do not as they move from land to the sea. Key factors for little humidity and anti-cyclonic circulation on most parts of India do not have rainfall in the However, there are some exceptions to it such as- India, some weak temperate cyclones Mediterranean Sea cause rainfall in Punjab, and western Uttar Pradesh. Although the amount it is highly beneficial for rabi 2 is correct: One of the main reasons for cold in north India during cold weather that the cold winds coming from the Caspian Sea during February bring cold wave along and fog over the north-western parts of India
#174Practice set
Consider following regarding various local winds in India: 1. Ka.li Andhi are violent dust storms occurring in the northwestern parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. 2. Loo are the strong, cold and moist winds blowing during the night over the peninsular India. 3. Shamal are the hot and dry winds blowing over the coasts of Tamil Nadu during the summer season.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (A) Only one
Explanation
Option a is the correct 1 is correct: Black storms, locally called are violent dust squalls that occur in the the northwestern parts of the Indo-Gangetic of the Indian Subcontinent. They are quite Punjab in the Cholistan and Thar deserts in Pakistan in 2 is incorrect: A striking feature of the season is the 'loo'. These are strong, gusty, winds blowing during the day over the north 3 is incorrect: Shamal are the hot, dry wind from the north or northwest in Iraq, Iran, Arabian Peninsula. In June and July it blows but usually under 50 km (about 30 miles) The wind causes great dust storms, especially in Baghdad may experience five or more such storms
#175Practice set
With reference to Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), consider the following statexnents:l. By the month of July, the ITCZ shifts northwards roughly parallel to N latitude. 2. Northern shift of ITCZ is related with the withdrawal of the tropical easterly jet stream from the north Indian plain. 3. ITCZ attracts the maritime tropical air mass from the southern hemisphere.How many of the above statements are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct l is correct - It is a broad trough oflow pressure latitudes. In the month of July, because of of Indian peninsula, the ITCZ shifts parallel to Himalayas between N 2 is incorrect - The shift in the position of is related to the phenomenon of the withdrawal of jet stream from its position over the north south of the Himalayas. Once the Westerly jet withdrawn, the easterly Jet Stream (Somali Jet) sets latitude only after the western jet stream itself from the 3 is correct - The ITCZ being a zone of attracts inflow of winds from different maritime tropical air mass from the after crossing the equator, rushes to the low pressure area in the general south-westerly direction. this moist air current which is popularly known as monsoon
#176Practice set
Which of the following statements is/ are correct about the retreating monsoon season? 1. Clear skies 2. Shifting of monsoon trough southwards 3, Rise in diurnal range of temperatureSelect the correct answer using the code given
- A1 and 2 only
- B1 and 3 only
- C1 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Option d is the correct l is correct. The retreating south-west marked by clear skies and rise in 2 is correct. As the monsoons retreat, trough weakens and gradually shifts the pressure gradient is 3 is correct. With retreat of the monsoons, disappear and the sky becomes clear The of temperature increases due to lack of cloud
#177Practice set
Consider the following statements: 1. The duration of the monsoon decreases from southern India to northern India. 2. The amount of annual rainfall in the northern plains of India decreases from east to west.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct l is correct. The duration of the from southern India to northern India. behind this pattern is that since the rainfall in subcontinent is caused by moisture bearing southwest monsoon winds, the duration of the monsoon is coastal regions and decreases onwards. This to fast loosening of moisture in these 2 is correct. The amount of annual rainfall northern plains of India decreases from east to the moisture bearing winds of the Bay of Bengal branch south west monsoon move further inland, the decreases and results in low rainfall in the
#178Practice set
With reference to the climatic regions of India according to koeppan's scheme, which of the following statements is/are correct? l. The climate is of cool temperate type if mean temperature of the coldest month is over minus 2. The climate is of tropical type when mean monthly temperature throughout the year is overSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (B) 2 only
Explanation
Option bis the correct l is incorrect. The climate is of cool if mean temperature of the warmest month is and mean temperature of the coldest month is 2 is correct. The climate is of tropical type monthly temperature throughout the year is over
#179Practice set
With reference to monsoon in India, consider the following statements: 1. Entire southern India receives its major portion of rainfall from retreating monsoon. 2. As we move from east to west the intensity of rainfall decreases in northern plains.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (B) 2 only
Explanation
Option b is the correct l is incorrect: Monsoonal rainfall in is due to two different phenomena. Malabar its major portion of rainfall from Whereas the Coromandel Coast receives of its rainfall due to the retreating north-east 2 is correct: Intensity of rainfall goes with increase in distance from the sea. As winds of the Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon move inland, the moisture and results in low rainfall
#180Practice set
to Indian climate, which of the following statements incorrect? 1. A positive Indian Ocean Dipole can neutralize the effect of an El Nino year. 2. Tropical cyclones originate more commonly in the Bay of Bengal than in the Arabian Sea. 3. India receives western disturbances only during the month of December and January.Select the correct the answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B1 and 2 only
- C2 only
- D3 only
Answer: (D) 3 only
Explanation
Option d is the correct answer. l is correct: In a positive Indian Ocean temperature in western Indian Ocean is than eastern Indian Ocean. This high a low pressure area thus strengthens the On the other hand, in an El Nino year are weak. So a positive IOD can compensate for Nino 2 is correct: Tropical cyclones originate October and November in the Bay of Bengal. this are: Large fresh water influx, Comparatively warmer than Arabian Sea, Low pressure circulations brought here by trade winds from China 3 is incorrect: Western Disturbances are depressions which originate in the They are brought to India by Tropical Westerly and responsible for winter rainfall in northern receives the western disturbances mostly between of December and March
#181Practice set
With reference to the winter season, which the following statements is/are correct? 1. The tropical cyclones originated during winter season strikes Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa. 2. The western cyclonic disturbances in this season are brought by sub-tropical westerly Jet streams.Select the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CIloth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Iloth 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct 1 is correct. During winter season, the originate over Bay of Bengal and the Indian tropical cyclones have very high wind velocity rainfall and hit Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh 2 is correct. The western cyclonic enter the Indian subcontinent from the west northwest during the winter months originate Sea and are brought into India by westerly Jet streams
#182Practice set
Which of the following are associated with the break in monsoon? 1. Weakening of tropical easterly jet stream in the upper troposphere. 2. Replacing of south-easterlies wind over nurlhern India by westerly winds flowing over the Indian plains. 3. Winds blow parallel to the eastern coast. PracticeboSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 and 2 only
- B3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct I is correct. In summer season during the tropical easterly jet stream remains very strong upper troposphere indicating very strong convection heating. But when the maximum cloudiness up in the foothills of Himalayas and the zone moves in this direction, subsidence occurs a weak easterly flow in the upper creates the condition in 2 is correct. In break monsoon condition, general rise of pressure (as well as temperature) over Due to the shifting of ITCZ over the cloudiness decreases and south-easterlies at the over northern India are replaced by hot which blows over the Indian plains. Thus, ceases over the country south of the leading to high floods in the plain of these Thus, there is no rain over the 3 is incorrect. Dry spells occur along the as wind blows parallel to the western coast, not coast
#183Practice set
Which of the following factors is/are responsible for changes in Indian climate? 1. Continentality 2. Western Disturhances 3. Upper air circulation 4. Altitude 5. ReliefSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A4 and 5 only
- B2, 3 and 4 only
- C1, 2 and 4 only
- D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ok umim
Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ok umim
Explanation
Option d is the correct Indian climate is controlled by a number of factors be broadly divided into two groups - factors related and relief, and factors related to air pressure Some of these factors are: Latitudinal location Distance from the Sea (Continentality) Altitude Himalayas Physiography Monsoon Winds Upper Air Circulation El Nino and La Nina Tropical Cyclones and Western Disturbances
#184Practice set
Consider the following statements: 1. Thar Desert experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature in India. 2. Both diurnal and mean annual temperature ranges are low in coastal regions.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct answer. l is correct. The difference between the and minimum temperature is called Diurnal temperature. Highest diurnal temperature ranges the Thar desert, where if the day temperature is at night, it may drop down considerably upto The highest annual temperature ranges are the Himalayan 2 is correct. In general, coastal areas contrasts in temperature conditions. Seasonal more in the interior of the country. Both diurnal annual temperature ranges are least in coastal regions
#185Practice set
Which of the following is/are correct with respect to the weather functioning in winter? 1. High pressure prevails over North India due to low temperature. 2. Himalayan belt receives snowfall because of the arrival of western cyclonic disturbances.Select the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct l is correct. During winter, high air over large parts of north-west India due to coupled with divergence induced by the the Sub-tropical Jetstream (STJ). Pressure is in south India. The winds start blowing from high pressure area of the north-west to low-pressure area of 2 is correct. The western cyclonic brought into India by the westerly jet stream. cause light rain in the Indus-Ganga plains in the Himalayan belt
#186Practice set
Consider the following terms associated with the Indian weather conditions: 1. Coriolis force deflects winds towards the left in the northern hemisphere and towards right in the southern hemisphere. 2. Jet Streams develop where air masses of differing temperatures meet. 3. Western cyclonic disturbances influence the weather of the north-western India.How many of the above statements are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct l is incorrect. The Coriolis is an caused by the earth's rotation. It is deflecting winds towards the right in the and towards the left in the This is also known as 'Ferrel's 2 is correct. The Jet Stream is a blowing horizontally through the upper layers of generally from west to east, at an altitude - 50,000 feet. They develop where air masses temperatures 3 is correct. The western cyclonic weather phenomena of the winter months by the westel'ly flow from the Mediterranean enter the Indian subcontinent from the west and and usually influence the weather of the north-western regions of disturbances also affect the coastal regions of
#187Practice set
With reference to the Intertropkal convergence zone (ITCZ), consider the following statements: 1. It is a belt of converging trade winds and descending air that encircles the Earth near the equator. 2. This convergence zone moves north or south with the apparent movement of the sun. 3. It is known as doldrums.How many of the above statements are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option bis the correct l is incorrect. lntertropical convergence also called equatorial convergence zone, is a low pressure zone located at the equator where trade and so, it is a wnc where air tends to 2 is correct. The Inter Tropical Convergence lies more or less parallel to the equator but or south with the apparent movement of the Statement 3 is correct. The air produces frequent thunderstorms, and heavy rainfall; oceanic regions of calm surface air, occur zone. This is why it is known to sailors around the the doldrums
#188Practice set
El Nino is the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Which of the following is/are the effects of the El Nino? 1. Adversely affects monsoon rainfall in India. 2. Good for cyclogenesis in the Bay of Bengal. 3. Suppresses cyclogenesis in the Arabian Sea.Select the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C2 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct Nino involves oceanic and atmospheric the appearance of warm currents off the coast in the Eastern Pacific and affects weather in is the development or strengthening of an low pressure in the atmosphere, resulting in the a of El-Nino: It adversely affects monsoon rainfall in the Bay of Bengal. Droughts are El Nino events due to less monsoonal and Nina, on the other hand, is good for monsoons in the Bay of Bengal. El Nino is cydogenesis in the Arabian Sea, whereas, La cyclogenesis in the Arabian Sea
#189Practice set
Consider the following statements: 1. Heating of the Tibetan plateau in summers results in the replacement of westerly jet stream by easterly jet stream. 2. The rainfall pattern of the south-west monsoon can be determined by the frequency of tropical depression.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Option d is the correct l is correct. During winter season the upper jct streams are positioned in Asia The upper air circulation takes place in summer due to shift of the sun's vertical rays in the The westerly jet stream is replaced by jet stream which owes its origin to the heating Tibet 2 is correct. The easterly jet stream steers depressions into India. These depressions play role in the distribution of monsoon rainfall Indian subcontinent. The tracks of these depressions areas of highest rainfall in India. The frequency at depressions visit India, their direction and intensity, a long way in determining the rainfall pattern during monsoon period
#190Practice set
In India, winter monsoon contributes only 11 to India's annual rainfall of 1,187 mm, compared to about in the summer monsoon season. Which of the following is/ are the probable reasons? 1. The winter monsoon winds carry little humidity as they move from land to sea. 2. The rainfall reduces due to anti cyclonic circulation on land. Select the incorrect answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Option dis the correct statements are correct. Winter monsoons do not as they move from land to the sea. It 11 to India's annual rainfall of 187 mm, about in the summer monsoon season. In the of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, the precipitation is often in the form of reason for no rainfall is because firstly, they have and secondly, due to anti cyclonic circulation the possibility of rainfall from them reduces. So, of India do not have rainfall in the winter season
#191Practice set
Which of the following factors is/are responsible for south-west monsoons in India? 1. Low pressure on the landmass and high pressure around seas 2. Presence of the low-pressure area east of Madagascar 3. Heating of the Tibetan Plateau 4. Movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the HimalayasSelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A2, 3 and 4 only
- B1, 2 and 3 only
- C1, 3 and 4 only
- D1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (C) 1, 3 and 4 only
Explanation
Option c is the factors are responsible for the formation of monsoons: 1 is correct. Differential heating and land and water creates low pressure on the landmass while the seas around experience comparatively Shift of the position of Inter Tropical (ITCZ) in summer, over the Ganga 2 is incorrect. Presence of the high-pressure not low-pressure), east of Madagascar, over the Indian Ocean. The intensity and position high-pressure area affects the Indian 3 is correct. The Tibetan plateau gets during summer, which results in strong vertical and the formation of low pressure over the about 9 km above sea 4 is correct. Movement of the westerly jet the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the jet stream over the Indian peninsula during in the pressure conditions over the southern affect the monsoons
#192Practice set
The Tamil Nadu coast remains relatively dry during the south-west monsoon period. Which of the following factors is/are responsible for it? 1. The coast lies in the rain shadow effect of the Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon. 2. Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon flows parallel to the Tamil Nadu coast.Select the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Option c is the correct l is correct. The Tamil Nadu coast dry during the south-west monsoon are two factors responsible for it: the Tamil Naclu in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of 2 is correct. The second reason why the coast remains dry during this season is that it parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of
#193Practice set
Consider the following statements with reference to tropical easterly jet streams: 1. It causes the reversal in upper air circulation. 2. The advent of easterly jet stream is held responsible for the burst of the monsoon in India. 3. It does not extend beyond latitude in the upper atmosphere.How many of the above statements are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option b is the correct Easterly Jet Stream occurs near the tropopause and Africa during summer. It indicates a deep layer air to the north of the jet and colder air to the the Indian l is correct. During summer, clue to the of the sun in northern hemisphere, the reversal air circulation takes place due to easterly jet 2 is correct. The shift in the position of Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is related to of the withdrawal of the westerly jet its position over the north Indian plain, south of The westerly stream is replaced by easterly which owes its origin to the heating of the This leads to the development of an easterly stream centered around latitude and peninsular India only after the western jet stream itself from the region. This easterly jet stream responsible for the burst of the monsoon in 3 is incorrect. An easterly jet stream the southern part of the Peninsula in June, and has speed
#194Practice set
Which of the following events are associated with the northward shift of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over India? 1. Low pressure belt created over North India 2. Withdrawal of easterly jet stream 3. Onset of southwest monsoon GESelect the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 and 3 only
- B2 only
- C2 and 3 only (cl) 1, 2 3 223
- D4-2-3-1
Answer: (A) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Option a is the correct Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a low pressure zone located at the equator where trade and so, it is a zone where air tends to ascend. the ITCZ is located around latitudes Gangetic plain), sometimes called the monsoon monsoon trough encourages the development low over norlh northwest l is correct. As the summer sets in and the northwards, the wind circulation over the a complete reversal at both, the lower as well upper levels. By the middle of July, the low-pressure the surface ITCZ shifts northwards, roughly the Himalayas between N and N. This creates belt over North Statement 2 is incorrect. By the time ITCZ shifts westerly jet stream withdraws (and not easterly from the Indian region. In fact, there is a cause-and effect relationship between the two. The easterly jet in along latitude only after the western jet withdrawn itself from the region. This
#195Practice set
Consider the following statements with respect to the Boreal Summer Intra Seasonal Oscillation: 1. It is the movement of heat from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean during the monsoon. 2. It represents active and break period in the monsoon. 3. It induces high wave activity in the Arabian Sea.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option bis the correct l is incorrect. Boreal Summer Intra (BSISO) is the movement of convection the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean (and roughly every 10 days during the The BSISO of the Asian summer is one of the most prominent sources of variability in the global monsoon 2 is correct. Boreal Summer Intra (BSISO) represents the monsoon's 'active' periods, in which weeks of heavy rainfall give brilliant sunshine before starting all over again. The also enhances monsoon winds and hence the 3 is correct. Some phases of boreal oscillation or BSISO induce high in the north Indian Ocean and the Arabian forecast advisories based on the BSISO would be for efficient coastal and marine management
#196Practice set
Consider the following statements with respect to the western cyclonic disturbances: 1. It originates over the Mediterranean Sea. 2. It is brought into India by the westerly jet stream. 3. It causes most of the winter rainfall across North-West India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (C) All three
Explanation
Option c is the correct 1 and 2 are correct. Western cyclonic over the Mediterranean Sea. They enter the from the west and the northwest during months by the westerly jet 3 is correct. Western Disturbances are the the most winter and pre-monsoon season rainfall India. After winter the western disturbances the activation of monsoon in certain parts of The interaction of the monsoon trough with may occasionally cause dense clouding precipitation
#197Practice set
Consider the following statements: 1. The Thar Desert witnesses the highest diurnal and annual temperature ranges in the country. 2. The coastal regions witness the least diurnal and mean annual temperature ranges.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Answer: (B) 2 only
Explanation
Option bis the correct has high regional climatic diversity because of diversity - location, altitude, distance and relief. Diurnal and annual temperature ranges in this 1 is incorrect. Though the hlghest ranges occur in the Thar Desert, the temperature ranges are recorded in the o o k regions. In the Thar Desert, if the day temperature is at night, it may drop down considerably up to Himalayan regions experience brutal winters while are 2 is correct. Both diurnal and mean ranges are least in coastal regions. In temperature may dip to - at some places in in many coastal regions average temperature is
#198Practice set
Consider the following statements regarding 'Retreating Monsoon Season in India': 1. The weakening of low-pressure area over Northwest India is responsible for the retreat of monsoon. 2. The season is marked by cloudy skies with rainfall in the north India. 3. The months of October and November are known for retreating monsoons in India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll three
- DNone
Answer: (B) Only two
Explanation
Option bis the correct Southwest monsoons start retreating in the first week from Pakistan border in Northwest India. winds withdraw earlier from the regions where the l is correct: The retreat of monsoon winds due to weakening of low-pressure area over the parts. This happens due to low temperatures the apparent shift of the sun towards the equator and to the widespread rains bringing down Consequently, the air pressure starts changes in the patterns of atmospheric pressure monsoons to withdraw. Hence, this period as the season of retreating Southwest 2 is incorrect: The retreating southwest is marked by clear skies and a rise in land is still moist. Owing to the conditions of and humidity, the weather becomes This is commonly known as the 'October the second half of October, the mercury begins to particularly in northern India. The weather in monsoon is dry in north India but it is rai
#199Practice set
Why the intensity of tropical cyclones in Arabian sea has increased in recent times? 1. Rapid increase of sea surface temperature in Arabian sea. 2. Greater occurrence of El Nino Modoki. 3. Conducive wind shear for cyclones in Arabian sea.Select the correct answer using the code given below
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2, and 3
Answer: (D) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation
Option dis the correct are among the most devastating extreme that India faces every year. The high winds and that accompany cyclones cause immense loss of property along the coastline of India. lakh people died by cyclones, floods, and other durlng the past five recent formation of Cyclone Tauktae makes 2021 consecutive year to witness an Arabian Sea - the pre-monsoon season (April-June). The and rising global warming have converted Sea into a new hotbed for cyclonic activities. of the cyclones used to occur in the Bay of l is correct. Sea surface temperatures in Sea have increased rapidly during the past to global warming. The temperature now is 1.2-1.4 than the temperature witnessed four decades warmer temperatures support active rainfall, and intense 2 is correct. Greater occurrence of El It is a climate phenomenon that means Nino' and creates conditions that are not conducive in the
#200Practice set
Which of the following are the reasons for the diversity in the monsoon type climate of India? 1. Presence of Himalayan Mountains 2. Temporary shift of the Pressure Belts 3. Latitudinal Extent of the Country 4. Oppositely blowing monsoon winds in different times of the year.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
- A1 and 2 only
- B1, 2 and 4 only
- C2 and 3 only
- D1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
Option d is the correct 2, 3 and 4 are correct: The monsoonal India is diverse and different in different parts of the different times of the year. The causes of this Presence of mountains: The Himalayan mountains in the north play a vital role in influencing the climate of India. During summer, they stop the moist south-west monsoon winds from escaping to Central Asia and cause rainfall in India. During winter, they prevent the chilling polar winds coming from Siberia from entering India, thus keeping the climate of the country comparatively warmer and comfortable. Temporary shift of the pressure belts: The sun's apparent northward and southward movement cause temporary shifting of the pressure belts northwards and southwards by This leads to temporary changes in the climate conditions including monsoon rainfall, Latitudinal extent: The main landmass of India extends from N in the south

Climatology — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 5

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