UPSC Prelims PYQ › Geography › Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation

Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions

111 solved previous year questions on Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation, papers from 1996 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CAPF 2022
   Solifluction is a geomorphic process involving a special type of soil flow that is noticed in
   • Adesert regions
   • Bkarst regions
   • Cpermafrost regions
   • Dsavanna regions G
   Answer: (C) permafrost regions
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct is the slow movement of soil and downslope in permafrost regions due to and thawing of water. The permanence of in permafrost areas prevents water drainage, soil saturation and eventual movement caused by and contraction of freezing water. Earth Flow Mud Flow Slump Soil Creep Debris Slide Debris Flow 4.8 !vfas.s Nlovcmcnt

2. #2UPSC CDS 2020
   Timber vegetation is generally not found in which of the
   • ASubtropical region
   • BTemperate region
   • CAlpine region
   • DTundra region
   Answer: (D) Tundra region
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct vegetation is generally not found in the The tundra region is characterized by extremely permafrost (permanently frozen a short growing season. These conditions are to the growth of large trees and forests. tundra is dominated by low-lying vegetation such lichens, and shrubs

3. #3UPSC CDS 2020
   Which one of the following countries does not have Tundra vegetation?
   • ABelarus
   • BUSA
   • CRussia
   • DCanada
   Answer: (A) Belarus
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct is a type ofbiome characterized by cold growing seasons, permafrost, and It is typically found in high-latitude the Arctic, such as northern parts of Russia, the United States. While Russia, Canada, and the regions that experience Tundra vegetation due to latitudes, Belarus is located further south and have Tundra vegetation

4. #4UPSC CDS 2017
   Tropical evergreen rainforest biome provides optimum environmental conditions for the growth of plants and animals. Which one among the following statements regarding this is not correct?
   • AIt has heavy rainfall and high temperature throughout the year
   • BThis biome is also called mega-thermal biome
   • CThe evergreen rain forest biome extends between N and S latitudes
   • DThe maximum development of this biome has taken place in central and Southern California and North-Western coastal GRAPHY lands of Africa
   Answer: (D) The maximum development of this biome has taken place in central and Southern California and North-Western coastal GRAPHY lands of Africa
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct maximum development of the tropical biome has not taken place in central and and North-Western coastal lands of Africa. is primarily found in the equatorial regions between N and S latitudes. It is with regions such as the Amazon rainforest America, the Congo Basin in Africa, and

5. #5UPSC CAPF 2021
   Which of the following statements about tropical rain forests are correct? 1. The soils of tropical rain forests are quite infertile. 2. The vegetation is evergreen, enabling photosynthesis to take place year around. 3. They have been described as 'deserts covered by trees'. 4. They are most productive land-based ecosystem.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
   • A2 and 4
   • B1, 3 and 4
   • C1, 2 and 3
   • D1, 2, 3 and 4
   Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is correct: The soils of tropical rain forests infertile because the heavy rainfall washes away in the 2 is correct: The vegetation is evergreen, to take place year around because the tropical rain forests receive a lot of sunlight and the 3 is correct: Tropical rain forests have as "deserts covered by trees" because, despite vegetation, the soil is often very poor in 4 is correct: Tropical rain forests are the land-based ecosystems on Earth because a high rate of photosynthesis and a large number Important Tips Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests or Rainforests: Climatic Conditions: Abundant Rainfall: Annual rainfall exceeds 250 cm, creating a highly moist environment. Moderate Temperature: The annual temperature ranges from about providing warm conditions throughout the year. High Humidity: The average annual humidity exceeds 77 percent due to the proximity to wate

6. #6UPSC CAPF 2018
   Which of the following statements are appropriate to Mangrove Sites? 1. Mangrove plants require an appropriate mix of saline water and freshwater. 2. Mangrove plants require mudflats to enable them to grow and develop. 3. Mangrove plants are found in the Intertidal zones of sheltered coasts. 4. Mangrove vegetation has been reported in all the coastal States including Andaman and Nicobar Islands.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B2, 3 and 4 only
   • C1, 3 and 4 only
   • D1, 2, 3 and 4
   Answer: (B) 2, 3 and 4 only
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct answer. Statement 1 is incorrect: Mangroves is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. Statement 2 is correct: Mangrove plants are well adapted to muddy and waterlogged conditions. They have specialized root systems, such as stilt roots or pneumatophores, which help them anchor in the muddy substrate and obtain oxygen. Statement 3 is correct: Mangrove forests typically grow along sheltered coastlines, estuaries, and river deltas. They thrive in intertidal zones, where they are periodically exposed to both tidal and freshwater influences. Statement 4 is correct: Mangrove forests can be found various coastal regions around the world, including all coastal states of India. The Andaman and Nicobar being an archipelago, also have mangrove ecosystems

7. #7UPSC CAPF 2017
   Consider the following statements: 1. Areas where rainfall exceeds 250 cm. 2. Annual temperature 25-270 C. 3. Average humidity exceeds 4. Trees do not shed the leaves. Towhich one of the following types of vegetation does the above represent?
   • ATropical wet evergreen
   • BTropical semi-evergreen
   • CTropical moist deciduous
   • DTropical dry evergreen
   Answer: (A) Tropical wet evergreen
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct wet evergreen forests are characterized by of rainfall, typically exceeding 250 cm. They have average humidity, often exceeding The range in these forests is typically within of the distinguishing features of tropical forests is that they have a continuous leaf the year. This means that trees in these not shed their leaves seasonally, unlike deciduous forests. Important Tips Tropical Wet Evergreen: In India, tropical wet evergreen forests are found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Western Ghats, the coastline of peninsular India, and the greater Assam region in the north-east. Some of the dominant tree species in these forests are ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, chinchona, hollong, sal, dipterocarpus, and terminalia

8. #8UPSC CAPF 2015
   The trees of tropical rainforest have buttress roots because
   • Athey help to provide aeration to soils
   • Bthe organisms found in the buttresses have a symbiotic relationship
   • Cthe trees belong to gramineae family
   • Dthe buttresses have to bear the mechanical load of hardwoods
   Answer: (D) the buttresses have to bear the mechanical load of hardwoods
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct roots are large, wide, and above-ground extend from the base of the trunk of certain tree tropical rainforests. These roots are specifically provide additional stability and support to the tall trees in the rainforest ecosystem. The to bear the mechanical load of the hardwoods, prevent the trees from toppling over in the dense rainforest soil. Important Tips Tropical Rainforests: Tropical rainforests are located near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn They experience consistently high temperatures throughout the year. Tropical rainforests receive very high annual rainfall. The soils in tropical rainforests are nutrient-poor due to the leaching of nutrients caused by heavy rains. The heavy rainfall washes away organic material the soil. Tropical rainforests exhibit extremely high biodiversity compared to other ecosystems. Some of t

9. #9State PCS 2011
   Capillaries are most effective in
   • AClayey soil
   • BSilt soil
   • CSandysoil
   • DLoamy soil
   Answer: (A) Clayey soil
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct are tiny pores in the soil that allow water upwards against gravity. Capillarity is an for plant growth and soil water retention. The soil particles, the smaller the capillary pores, and effective the capillaries are at moving water soil has the smallest soil particles, followed by and sand. Therefore, capillaries are most clayey soil. Water level Basin Cotton soil soil

10. #10State PCS 1996
    Dense-forests on the earth are mostly found
    • ANearby Equator
    • BNearby tropic of Cancer
    • CNearby tropic of Capricorn
    • DNearby Poles (c) Monsoon Zone - Heavy rain throughout
    Answer: (A) Nearby Equator
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct forests on Earth are mostly found near the the equatorial region receives the most sunlight Tropical rainforests appear dense because the at different heights i.e. in four distinct layers, unique characteristics that interact with one Layer: The uppermost layer, receives lots and rain and is dominated by towering trees hawks and harpy eagles, and inhabited creatures such as birds, bats, and Layer: Located just below the Emergent layer forms a dense leafy roof, blocking sunlight a humid, still environment. Trees in the adapted with glossy leaves that repel Layer: Darker, more humid, and quieter Canopy Layer, it hosts shorter plants with larger noticeable, fragrant flowers. This layer receives Floor Layer: The darkest layer where plant limited. This layer teems with decomposers like worms, and fungi, which break down from above, enriching the soil with of the Rainfo

11. #11State PCS 2009
    Which of the following is known as 'self ploughed' soil of the country?
    • AAlluvial soil
    • BLateritic soil
    • CBlack cotton soils
    • DDesert soils
    Answer: (D) Desert soils
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct roots are large, wide, and above-ground extend from the base of the trunk of certain tree tropical rainforests. These roots are specifically provide additional stability and support to the tall trees in the rainforest ecosystem. The to bear the mechanical load of the hardwoods, prevent the trees from toppling over in the dense rainforest soil. Important Tips Tropical Rainforests: Tropical rainforests are located near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn They experience consistently high temperatures throughout the year. Tropical rainforests receive very high annual rainfall. The soils in tropical rainforests are nutrient-poor due to the leaching of nutrients caused by heavy rains. The heavy rainfall washes away organic material the soil. Tropical rainforests exhibit extremely high biodiversity compared to other ecosystems. Some of t

12. #12State PCS 1996
    Old Kachhari day of Gangetk plain is called
    • ABhabar
    • BBhangar
    • CKhadar
    • DKhondolyte
    Answer: (B) Bhangar
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct is the older alluvial soil of the Gangetic plain. It on the uplands and is characterized by its high clay content. Bhangar is a fertile soil that is growing a variety of crops, including wheat, rice, Old Kachhari clay is a type of Bhangar soil found in the upper Gangetic plain. It is formed from of older rocks and is rich in nutrients

13. #13JPSC 2021
    Which of the following statements is true regarding Laterite soil in India 1. Laterite soil develops in areas with high temperatures and heavy rainfall. 2. Laterite soil is rich in humus and found in West Bengal, Assam and Odisha. Code
    • AOnly 2 is true
    • BBoth 1 and 2 are true
    • CBoth 1 and 2 are false
    • DOnly 1 is true
    Answer: (D) Only 1 is true
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct answer I] Statement 1 is correct. Laterite soil develops in areas temperatures and heavy rainfall. The high rainfall cause the rocks to weather and the minerals out. This leaves behind a soil that is rich in iron oxides, but low in humus and other 2 is incorrect. Laterite soil is not rich in is not found in West Bengal, Assam and Odisha. It in the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats, and in part of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Important Tips Here are some other characteristics of laterite soil: It is a reddish-brown color due to the high iron oxide content. It is porous and has a low water-retention capacity. It is acidic in nature. It is not suitable for growing a variety of crops, but can be used for growing plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, and cashew nuts. Laterite soil can be improved by adding lime and fertilizers. It can a

14. #14UKPSC 2021
    'Khair' (Catechu) is a tree of which type of forest?
    • ASub-Alpine Forests
    • BCool-Temperate Forests
    • CSub-Tropical Forests
    • DTemperate Forests
    Answer: (C) Sub-Tropical Forests
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct ( Catechu) is a tree of Sub-Tropical Forests. species of subtropical forests are Teak, Pipal, Mohowa, Khair, etc.These species of mainly concentrated in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Rajasthan, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. mainly come under sub-tropical region

15. #15UPSC CDS 2023
    Consider the following characteristics of a soil type: 1. These soils consist of various proportions of sand, silt and clay. 2. These soils contain adequate proportions of potash, phosphoric acid and lime. 3. These soils can be further classified on the basis of their age. Identify the type of soll on the basis of the given characteristics
    • AAlluvial
    • BLaterite
    • CArid
    • DBlack
    Answer: (A) Alluvial
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct soils are formed by the deposition of river are typically found in floodplains and deltas. are rich in nutrients, such as potash, phosphoric lime. They are also well-drained and easy to work soils can be further classified on the basis of Important Tips Black soil Also known as regur soil, it is found in the Deccan Plateau and the valleys of the Narmada and Tapi It is a very fertile soil, rich in organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. It is well-drained and has a high water holding capacity. It is suitable for growing a variety of crops, including cotton, wheat, and millet. Laterite soil It is found in tropical and subtropical regions with high rainfall and high temperatures GE It is a reddish-brown soil that is rich in iron and aluminium. It is not very fertile, as it is low in organic matter and nitrogen. It is often used for growing crops that are tolerant o

16. #16UPSC CDS 2022
    Which types of vegetation will you find on the way as you travel from Bikaner to Ko.nark by road by shortest distance?
    • ATropical thorny, Desert, Moist deciduous, Mangrove
    • BDesert, Tropical thorny, Moist deciduous, Mangrove
    • CMoist deciduous, Tropical thorny, Mangrove, Desert
    • DDesert, Tropical thorny, Mangrove, Moist deciduous
    Answer: (B) Desert, Tropical thorny, Moist deciduous, Mangrove
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct shortest distance between Bikaner and Konark is via highway. This highway passes through the states Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. you will see mostly desert vegetation, such thorny bushes, and scrubland. In Madhya will see a mix of tropical thorny and moist vegetation. In Chhattisgarh, you will see mostly vegetation, In Odisha, you will see a mix deciduous and mangrove vegetation

17. #17UPSC CDS 2022
    In which one of the following highlands of India can you find temperate forests called 'Sholas'?
    • ANilgiris
    • BVindhyas
    • CSatpuras
    • DHimalayas
    Answer: (A) Nilgiris
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer 1 3 1 are temperate forests that are found in the of the Nilgiris, Anaimalai, and Palani South India. These forests are characterized by trees that are evergreen. The trees in shola forests to the cool, moist conditions of the high altitudes

18. #18UPSC CDS 2021
    Identify the type of soil on the basis of the given characteristics: 1. They are rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. 2. They are generally clayey, deep and impermeable. 3. They are mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • ALaterite soil
    • BRed and yellow soil
    • CSaline soil
    • DBlack soil
    Answer: (D) Black soil
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct soil, also known as regur or black cotton soil, following characteristics: It is rich in lime, iron, magnesia, and alumina, which contribute to its fertility. It is clayey in texture, deep, and impermeable, which means it has a high water-holding capacity. It is mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat regions of India

19. #19UPSC CDS 2021
    Alluvial soils vary in nature from sandy loam to day. They are generally
    • Apoor in potash and rich in phosphorus
    • Bpoor in both potash and phosphorus
    • Crich in both potash and phosphorus
    • Drich in potash and poor in phosphorus
    Answer: (D) rich in potash and poor in phosphorus
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct soils, formed through the deposition of sediment and streams in floodplains and river valleys, range of particle sizes and soil textures, from sandy day. These soils are characterized by their richness (potassium), an essential nutrient for plant they tend to be deficient in phosphorus, which for energy transfer and various metabolic plants

20. #20Previous year
    S had witnessed contour bunding and contour ploughing while visiting one of the states in India. Identify the state from the options given below
    • APunjab
    • BHaryana
    • CHimachal Pradesh
    • DRajasthan
    Answer: (C) Himachal Pradesh
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Pradesh is the state where Shad witnessed and contour ploughing. Due to the of Himachal Pradesh, contour bunding and are commonly employed techniques to erosion and maintain soil fertility in the Important Tips Contour bunding is a technique used to prevent soil erosion in hilly areas. It involves building small dams or walls across the contours of the land to slow down the flow of water. Contour ploughing is a technique used to reduce soil erosion and improve crop yields in hilly areas. It involves ploughing the land along the contours of the land instead of up and down the slopes. Contour Bunding/Contour ploughing

21. #21UPSC CDS 2019
    Which one of the following statements regarding temperate coniferous forest biome is not correct?
    • AThey are characterised by very little undergrowth
    • BThey have a growing period of to 100 days in a year
    • CThere is low variation in annual temperature
    • DThere is high range in spatial distribution of annual precipitation
    Answer: (C) There is low variation in annual temperature
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct coniferous forests, also known as taiga or are characterized by long, cold winters and summers. Therefore, there is a considerable temperature throughout the year, with distinct Summers tend to be relatively short and cool, are long and cold. Important Tips Temperate coniferous forests have a sparse undergrowth due to the limited amount of sunlight reaching the forest floor, as the tall coniferous trees form a dense canopy. Due to the short summer season, the growing period in temperate coniferous forests is relatively brief, typically ranging from 50 to 100 days. The temperate coniferous forest biome exhibits a wide range in the spatial distribution of annual precipitation, varying from relatively dry areas to regions with higher levels of precipitation

22. #22UPSC CDS 2019
    The term 'soil impoverishment' relates to which one of the following?
    • ASoil erosion
    • BSoil deposition
    • CSoil getting very deficient in plant nutrients
    • DSoil getting enriched with plant nutrients
    Answer: (C) Soil getting very deficient in plant nutrients
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct term 'soil impoverishment' refers to the the soil becomes very deficient in essential This can happen due to various reasons, farming practices, improper land insnfficient replenishment of nutrients. Important Tips: Soil erosion: Soil erosion refers to the process of the removal of the topsoil by wind or water, leading to the loss of soil fertility. Soil deposition: Soil deposition refers to the process of sediment or soil particles being deposited in a new location, often as a result of erosion or sediment transport. Soil getting enriched with plant nutrients: It refers to the process of adding or replenishing nutrients in the soil, leading to increased soil fertility

23. #23UPSC CDS 2017
    Which one of the following with regard to Aridisol, one of the soil orders, is not correct?
    • ALack of water for plants during most part of the year
    • BHigh organic matter
    • CLarge accumulation of carbonates at depth
    • DAbsence of deep wide cracks
    Answer: (B) High organic matter
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct are generally low in organic matter content. conditions, combined with limited plant growth result in a scarcity of organic materials soil. Aridisol is a soil order that is typically found or semi-arid regions characterized by limited high evaporation rates. It is associated with where water availability for plants is limited of the year. Important Tips Apart from Aridisols, there are several other soil orders, including: Alfisols: Moderately weathered soils with a clay-rich subsurface horizon. Andisols: Soils formed from volcanic ash or other volcanic materials. H Entisols: Recently formed soils with minimal development of horizons. Gelisols: Soils that are permanently or seasonally frozen for significant portions of the year. Hfatosols: Organic soils characterized by a high content of partially decomposed plant material (peat or muck). Inceptisols: Young soils w

24. #24UPSC CDS 2016
    Which one of the following statements concerning the natural vegetation of India is not correct?
    • ASal is found in moist deciduous forests
    • BCasuarina is largely found along the coastal region of Tamil Nadu
    • CDeodar is a coniferous species of tree
    • DShala forests are found mainly on the upper reaches of Himalaya
    Answer: (D) Shala forests are found mainly on the upper reaches of Himalaya
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct forests are a type of tropical montane forest the upper reaches of the Western Ghats, in the hills and Palani hills. There are no shola the Himalayas

25. #25UPSC CDS 2016
    Consider the following statements regarding laterite soils of India 1. Laterite soils are generally red in colour. 2. Laterite soils are rich in nitrogen and potash. 3. Laterite soils are well developed in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. 4. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well in this soilWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • AOnly 1
    • B2, 3 and 4
    • C1 and 4
    • D1, 2 and 4
    Answer: (C) 1 and 4
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct: Laterite soils are generally red due to the presence of iron 2 is incon-ect: Laterite soils are deficient and 3 is inconred: Laterite soils are well the Deccan Plateau, the Western Ghats, and the and not in Rajasthan and Uttar 4 is correct: Tapioca and cashew nuts are drought resistant crops that can grow well in laterite soils

26. #26UPSC CDS 2020
    The largest Barrier Reef System in the world is found at
    • AEast Australian Coast
    • BWest Australian Coast
    • CNorth Australian Coast
    • DSouth Australian Coast
    Answer: (D) South Australian Coast
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct vegetation is generally not found in the The tundra region is characterized by extremely permafrost (permanently frozen a short growing season. These conditions are to the growth of large trees and forests. tundra is dominated by low-lying vegetation such lichens, and shrubs

27. #27CGPSC 2017
    Which of the following is the National Water Way number
    • AGodavari-Krishna Basin Water Way
    • BMahanadi-Brahmani River Water Way
    • CBrahmaputra River Water Way
    • DGanga-Bhagirathi-Hugli River Water Way (e) None of these
    Answer: (D) Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hugli River Water Way (e) None of these
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct: The soils of tropical rain forests infertile because the heavy rainfall washes away in the 2 is correct: The vegetation is evergreen, to take place year around because the tropical rain forests receive a lot of sunlight and the 3 is correct: Tropical rain forests have as "deserts covered by trees" because, despite vegetation, the soil is often very poor in 4 is correct: Tropical rain forests are the land-based ecosystems on Earth because a high rate of photosynthesis and a large number Important Tips Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests or Rainforests: Climatic Conditions: Abundant Rainfall: Annual rainfall exceeds 250 cm, creating a highly moist environment. Moderate Temperature: The annual temperature ranges from about providing warm conditions throughout the year. High Humidity: The average annual humidity exceeds 77 percent due to the proximity to wate

28. #28Practice set
    Which among the following can be considered as the reasons to activate mass movements? 1. Undercutting of steep slopes 2. The removal of vegetation 3. Heavy rainfallSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct wasting occurs when a slope is too steep to with existing material and 1 is correct: Undercutting of a slope reduces resistance to the force of gravity by support at the base of the slope. of freeze and thaw can result in a slow, loosening of rock, thereby weakening the making it susceptible to slope 2 is correct: Vegetation removal can trigger Vegetation stabilizes soil. When it is removed slope the slope is vulnerable to water and wind plant roots bind the soil and rocks 3 is correct: Heavy rains can saturate regolith of unconsolidated solid material) reducing grain contact and reducing the angle of repose, a mass movement. Heavy rains can also and increase its weight. Excessive precipitation is common trigger of landslides

29. #29Practice set
    Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the human activities in regions across the world?
    • AThese are one of the most productive equatorial regions for vegetative growth
    • BThese are remote areas of the Arctic occupied by nomadic hunters and food gatherers
    • CThe natural conditions of this region suit animal farming due to availability of pastoral lands
    • DIt has scattered human settlements and the only important mineral found here is lead
    Answer: (D) It has scattered human settlements and the only important mineral found here is lead
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct a is incorrect. The equatorial regions are populated. In the forests most primitive as hunters and collectors and the more advanced shifting cultivation. Food is so abundant in such that many people worry very little about the life next b is incorrect. Nomadic hunters and food the desert inhabitants. Of the primitive tribes, and the Bindibu are the best known. Both are nomadic hunters and food gatherers, growing and domesticating no c is incorrect. The natural conditions suit in temperate grasslands. With the refrigerated ships in the late nineteenth century, grasslands became major pastoral large quantities of beef, mutton, wool. dis correct. Karst regions are often barren and at a thin layer of soil. The porosity of the rocks and of surface drainage make vegetative growth that limestone can usually support only poor grass turf; some sheep grazing is possible. in

30. #30Practice set
    With reference to the distinction between Soil Creep and Landslides, consider the following statements: 1. The Soil creep is a slow downward movement of soil whereat; landslides are a rapid movement of soil or rock falls. 2. The soil creep can occur only in presence of a lubricating medium whereas the landslides can occur both in presence or absence of a lubricating medium. 3. The movement in soil creep is a result of sheer stress while the movement in landslide is a result of gravity.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Exp) Option c is the correct Movement is the movement of weathered a slope due to gravitational 1 is correct. Soil Creep is the imperceptibly downward movement of slope-forming soil or landslides are rapid kinds of movement and a large mass of soil or rock falls 2 is correct, Soil creeps occur where water act lubricant so that individual soil particles move over and over the underlying rocks. Whereas landslides by earthquakes or volcanic disturbances; disturbances and even also by the of rain water. Hence landslides can occur in or absence of lubricating 3 is correct. The movement in soil creep is shear stress sufficient to produce permanent too small to produce shear failure. While occur on steep slopes depend on the stability of are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes movement of soil and rock under the of gravity

31. #31Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to Dune formation: 1. If the dunes are formed on surfaces rooted with vegetation, then they are called inactive fixed dunes. 2. Sand dunes, when converted into a hard stable structure, are called Petrified dunes.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. Dunes are the accumulation of by the wind movements. But it is not necessary formed over surfaces which are devoid of vegetation. when the dunes are formed on the surfaces rooted these dunes are called inactive fixed dunes rooted vegetation does not allow dunes to move. dunes are active or constantly on the move, these called live 2 is correct. Sand dunes and subaqueous sometimes harden into stable structures. The a type of rock called sandstone. These are called lithified dunes or Petrified dunes

32. #32Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Flood meadow are man-made grasslands adjacent to flood ways. 2. Water meadows are rich in nutrients and provide rich pastures for livestock.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct I is incorrect. Flood meadows are natural grassland (not man-made) immediately adjacent floodway. Flood meadows are often used as pastures when they are not saturated with 2 is correct. Water meadows are to flood-ways. Unlike flood meadows, are created and maintained by people. are continuously irrigated through channels river. The nutrient-rich, silty soils of water rich pastures used for livestock, as well hay and other fodder. Water meadows were of the agricultural landscape in Western the 19th century

33. #33Practice set
    With reference to effect of soil on local temperature, consider the following statements: 1. Light soils reflect more heat than darker ones. 2. Dry soils like sands are more sensitive to temperature changes than wet soils.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Light soils reflect more heat ones. Such differences give rise to slight the temperature of the region. Regions of are thus comparatively at lower temperature than darker 2 correct. Dry soils like t.unds are to temperature. Thf'y hs'at up and cool hs'nce the extreme tempcrnturc variations Wet soils like clay retain much more moisture, do not warm up or cool down rapidly due to the heat capacity of water

34. #34Practice set
    With reference to the Tundra region, consider the following statements: 1. There is a general absence of tree cover in the tundra region. 2. Extraction and mining activities are totally prohibited in the Tundra region. 3. The Tundra plays a significant part in mitigating the negative impacts of carbon emission.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct l is correct: The tundra biome is a cold, where harsh conditions make survival difficult plants and animals. Tundra vegetation is dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecological boundary region) between the tundra and is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra rich in nitrogen and 2 is incorrect: Human impact in the is most obvious in the exploration and mining, oil, gas, and other extractive industries. no blanket ban on extraction and mining activities in region around the 3 is correct: The Tundra plays a significant the planet's temperature management. It works as a absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the mitigation of the negative impacts of GEOG Important Tips Tundra climate is a Koppen climatic type with sub-freezing mean annual temperatures, large annual temperature ranges (albeit not as large

35. #35Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Taiga or forests: 1. It is the world's largest land biome in terms of area. 2. They are only found in the Northern Hemisphere, and not found in the Southern Hemisphere. 3. Trees are completely absent in these forests.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct the term includes all cool, northern coniferous the so-called boreal forests of North America l is correct: The boreal forest (or "taiga") is largest land biome in terms of area. The principally spans 8 countries: Canada, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the 2 is correct: The Taiga types of forest are in the northern hemisphere where the the high latitudes have a broad east-west spread. of the southern continents in the high the main reason for absence of taiga forests in strong oceanic influence also reduces the severity of in the southern 3 is incorrect: It is mainly made up of and trees such as larches, spruces, birches, and pines. The conifers, which require little best suited to this type of sub-Arctic climate. Thus, no absence of trees, hence incorrect

36. #36Practice set
    Consider the following description: "These forests are characterized by cold temperatures, short growing seasons, and coniferous trees. These forests are found in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, primarily in Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia, and Russia. The soil in these forests is thin and nutrient-poor, and the vegetation is adapted to survive harsh conditions such as cold temperatures and permafrost:' Which of the forest types is mentioned in the above paragraph?
    • ATropical rainforest
    • BTemperate deciduous forest
    • CTundra forest
    • DMediterranean forest
    Answer: (C) Tundra forest
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct forests are a biome characterized by their cold climate, dominated by long, cold winters and summers. They are found in the northern regions such as Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. tree species in tundra forests are as spruce, fir, and pine. These trees are adapted to climate by having narrow needles, which help water, and a conical shape, which allows them snow easily. The understory of tundra forests is of shrubs, mosses, and lichens. Tundra forests important habitat for a wide range of wildlife

37. #37Practice set
    This type of vegetation features short grasses with very few trees. It has hot summers and cold winters and is found in parts of Eurasia. The type of vegetation refers to
    • ATropical Savannah
    • BCold Dessert
    • CBoreal forest
    • DTemperate Steppe
    Answer: (D) Temperate Steppe
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Steppe Grassland are found in the parts and North America. It experiences hot cold winters with the rainfall of 500-900 mm. It flocculated soil, rich in bases. With respect to fauna, it has grasses and occasional trees such oaks and willows; gazelles, zebras, horses, lions, varieties of birds, worms, snakes etc., animals. Important Tips The Tropical Savannahs are practically treeless, and the grasses are taller as compared to temperate steppe. Large regions of tropical savanna extend through the nations of Botswana, Namibia, and Kenya in Africa, southern Brazil, India, and Australia. In cold desert, few plants survive. The greatest inhibiting factor is the region's deficiency in heat. There are no trees in the tundra. Such an environment can support only the lowest form of vegetation, mosses, lichens and sedges. The taiga, which is also known as the boreal forest

38. #38Practice set
    In this forest type, tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. Its composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. The animals found are reindeer, lemming and ptarmigan. Environmental conditions here are very severe. The above statement best describes which of the following forest ecosystem?
    • AAfrican Savannah
    • BCentral Asian Steppe
    • CBoreal forest
    • DSiberian Tundra
    Answer: (D) Siberian Tundra
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Siberian Tundra tree growth is hindered by and short growing seasons. It is dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and typical animals are reindeer, lemming and and amphibians are almost absent here. Important Tips In African Savannah grasses with scattered trees and fire resisting thorny shrubs are found. The fauna include a great diversity of grazers and browsers such as antelopes, buffaloes, zebras, and rhinoceros; the carnivores include lion, cheetah, hyena; and mongoose, and many GEOG Central Asian Steppe is found in Ukraine where temperate conditions with low rainfall are found and grasses dominate the vegetation. The fauna include large herbivores like bison, antelope, cattle, rodents, prairie dog, wolves, and a rich and diverse array of ground nesting bird. Boreal forest lies in cold regions with high rainfall, strong seasonal climates with long winters

39. #39Practice set
    Consider the following statements about Polar climatic vegetation: 1. Deficiency of heat is the major inhibiting factor for growth of vegetation in this region. 2. Convectional rainfall is generally absent in this region. 3. There are no trees found in the tundra region.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct I is correct - The greatest inhibiting factor in of the polar climatic vegetation is deficiency in few plants survive in such adverse 2 is correct - Convectional rainfall is in these regions because of the low rate of the lack of moisture in the cold polar 3 is correct - With a growing season of less months and warmest month not exceeding no trees in the tundra. Such adverse environment support lowest form of vegetation, mosses, lichens

40. #40Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding grasslands: 1. Tropical grasslands are considered as granaries of the world. 2. Temperate grasslands are famous for nutritious grasses.Which of the above statements is/ are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 1 is incorrect - In the recent years, have been ploughed up for extensive, cultivation and are now the granaries of the wheat, maize is also increasingly 2 is correct - Temperate grasslands are found regions and interior parts of countries, grass there is short and nutritious like the lucerne grass. They are very productive areas for cattle rearing and are leading ranching regions of the globe

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