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Climatology — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions

212 solved previous year questions on Climatology, papers from 1993 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CSE Prelims 1997
   The tail of comet is directed away from the Sun, because
   • AAs the Comet rotates around the Sun, the lighter mass of Comet is pushed away due to centrifugal force alone
   • BAs the Comet rotates, the lighter mass of the Comet is attracted by some stars situated in the direction of its tail
   • CThe radiation emitted by the Sun exerts a radial pressure on the comet throwing its tail away from the Sun
   • DThe Tail of the Comet always exists in the same or ientation
   Answer: (C) The radiation emitted by the Sun exerts a radial pressure on the comet throwing its tail away from the Sun
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct radiation emitted by the Sun exerts a radial the comet throwing its tail away from the Sun. This the comet's tail is composed of dust and gas released from the comet's nucleus by the Sun's heat away by sunlight (solar radiation pressure) and the wind. The solar wind is a stream of charged flows outward from the Sun at high speeds. The interacts with the gas in the comet's tail, causing it and point along the streamlines of the solar wind. always points away from the Sun, whether the comet or receding from it

2. #2UPSC CSE Prelims 1996
   Consider the following Statements:A person in spacecraft situated at the mid of earth and Sun will see that- 1. Sky is black 2. Stars do not twinkle 3. The temperature outside the spacecraft is more than that of the earth surfaceWhich of the following is true?
   • AOnly 3
   • BOnly 1 and 2
   • COnly 1 and 3
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (B) Only 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct person in spacecraft situated in the middle of earth will see that the sky is black, and the stars do but the temperature outside the spacecraft is more than that of the earth surface. The sky is black because there is no atmosphere to scatter the sunlight and make it appear blue. The stars do not twinkle because there is no atmospheric turbulence to distort their light. The temperature outside the spacecraft depends on several factors, such as the distance from the Sun, the angle of incidence of the sunlight, the albedo of the spacecraft, and the presence of any shielding or insulation

3. #3UPSC CSE Prelims 1994
   The colour of the star indicates its
   • ADistance from Sun
   • BLighting or glow
   • CDistance from earth
   • DTemperature
   Answer: (D) Temperature
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct colour of a star indicates its temperature, which to the wavelength of light it emits. The shorter the hotter the star. Blue-white stars are than the Sun, whereas red stars are cooler. of a star can also suggest its age, as older stars tend redder than younger ones. The distance from the Sun Earth does not affect the colour of a star, but it may brightness or apparent size. The lighting or glow of a not a well-defined term, but it may refer to the magnitude of a star, which are also influenced by besides the colour

4. #4UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
   Consider one special point at the Earth's surface (e.g., City Delhi) its temperature at noon (e.g., 12 o'clock) will be higher in Summer in comparison to winter because
   • AEarth is much closer to Sun in Summer in comparison to winter
   • BIn winter the Sun rays falling on the Earth bends more towards the Earth's surface in comparison to the summer
   • CThe vaporization of water happens only in winter due to environmental precipitation
   • DIn winters, the Earth's axis becomes more inclined towards the Sun. Other Examination Previous Years' Questions
   Answer: (D) In winters, the Earth's axis becomes more inclined towards the Sun. Other Examination Previous Years' Questions
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct winters, the Earth's axis becomes more inclined Sun. This is because the Earth's axis is tilted by from the perpendicular to the plane of its the Sun. This tilt causes different parts of the receive different amounts of sunlight throughout the in the summer, Delhi is tilted towards the Sun, so it direct and intense sunlight than in winter, when it away from the Sun. This makes Delhi hotter in in winter. The distance between the Earth and the not have a significant effect on the seasons, as it slightly throughout the year. Other Examination Previous Years' Questions

5. #5UPSC CDS 2016
   Which of the following statements concerning atmosphere of the Earth are correct? 1. In stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude. 2. In mesosphere, temperature decreases with altitude. 3. The lowest temperature of the atmosphere is recorded in the upper part of mesosphere. 4. Tropopause is an isothermal zone.Which of the statements given above are correct?
   • A1 and 2
   • B1, 2 and 3
   • C3 and 4
   • DAll of these
   Answer: (D) All of these
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct l is correct- In the stratosphere, with altitude due to the presence of the which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the to the heating of the surrounding 2 is correct- The mesosphere is the third layer Earth's atmosphere, located above the stratosphere. increases, the density of air molecules in a decrease in 3 is correct- The lowest temperature of is recorded in the upper part of the as the mesopause, this is the coldest region of atmosphere with temperatures reaching as low as Celsius (-130 degrees Fahrenheit) Statement 4 is correct- The tropopause is the the troposphere (the lowest layer of the the stratosphere. In this region, the temperature constant with increasing altitude, resulting in zone. Important Tips Other layers of Earth Atmosphere: Troposphere: The lowest layer where weather phenomena occur and temperature generally decreases with increasing altitu

6. #6UPSC CAPF 2022
   Which one of the following statements is correct with reference to normal lapse rate?
   • ATemperature is highest at ground level and decreases with increasing altitude
   • BTemperature is lowest at ground level and increases with increasing altitu.de
   • CTemperature remains stable with increasing altitude
   • DTemperature first increases with increasing altitude and gradually starts decreasing
   Answer: (A) Temperature is highest at ground level and decreases with increasing altitude
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct normal lapse rate is the rate at which with increasing altitude in the troposphere. lapse rate is approximately per per mile). This means that for every kilometer up in altitude, the temperature will decrease by GRAPHY

7. #7State PCS 1999
   The latitude at which 'Annual Range of Temperature' remains minimum is
   • AEquator
   • BTropic of Cancer
   • CTropic of Capricorn
   • DNorth Pole Circle
   Answer: (A) Equator
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct latitude at which the annual range of minimum is the Equator. At the Equator, rays strike almost vertically year-round, consistent and nearly equal day and night the year. This near-vertical angle of to minimal variation in temperature between the Equator experiences a relatively warm climate with a minimal annual temperature to regions at higher latitudes

8. #8UPSC CDS 2020
   Geomorphk factors influencing plant and animal distributions are
   • Aslope angle and relief only
   • Bslope aspect and relative relief
   • Cslope angle, slope aspect and relief
   • Dslope angle, slope aspect and relative relief
   Answer: (D) slope angle, slope aspect and relative relief
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct geomorphic factors influencing plant and are slope angle, slope aspect, and relative angle determines steepness, affecting soil and sunlight exposure. Slope aspect direction a slope faces, influencing and moisture availability. Relative to elevation differences, affecting water drainage, and microclimate

9. #9UPSC CAPF 2020
   The distance between two successive crests or troughs of sea waves is called as
   • AWavelength
   • BWave height
   • CWave frequency
   • DFetch
   Answer: (A) Wavelength
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct is the distance between two successive troughs of a wave. Crest Crest Important Tips Wave height is the distance between a crest and a trough of a wave. frequency is the number of waves that pass a certain point in a specified amount of time. Fetch is the distance over which the wind blows over the water surface before it reaches the coast

10. #10UPSC CDS 2022
    Isohalines are lines joining equal
    • Atemperature
    • Bpressure
    • Crainfall
    • Dsalinity
    Answer: (D) salinity
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct are lines that join points of equal salinity in system. They are used to map the distribution in the ocean and other bodies of water. Important Tips Isobars: Isobars are lines that connect points of equal atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the atmosphere on the Earth's surface. It is measured in millibars mb). lsohyets: Isohyets are lines that connect points of equal rainfall. Rainfall is the amount of water that falls from the sky as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. It is measured in millimeters mm) or inches in). Isotherms: Isotherms are lines that connect points of equal temperature. Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is. It is measured in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit

11. #11Previous year
    La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How is La Nina different from El Nino? [UPSC CSE Pre. 201 1. La Nina is characterised by unusually cold ocean temperature in equatorial Indian Ocean whereas El Nino is characterised by unusually warm ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. 2. El Nino has adverse effect on south-west monsoon of India, but La Nina has no effect on monsoon climate.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct benefits the most from the North Atlantic North Atlantic Drift, an extension of the Gulf warm waters from the Gulf of Mexico into the Ocean. This warm ocean current has a effect on Norway's climate, keeping its warmer in winter and cooler in summer than northern latitude would typically suggest. warm current, Norway's climate would be much it a crucial factor in the country's relatively

12. #12UPSC CDS 2022
    Which one of the following is not a resultant of the El Nino effect?
    • ADistortion of equatorial atmospheric circulation
    • BFlow of the South-East Trade Winds towards the Indian Ocean
    • CIrregularities in the evaporation of sea water
    • DReduction in the amount of planktons which reduces the number of fish in the sea
    Answer: (B) Flow of the South-East Trade Winds towards the Indian Ocean
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct South-East Trade Winds, which blow from the the equator in the Pacific Ocean, are not the Indian Ocean as a direct result of El during El Nino, the South-East Trade Winds or even reverse their direction in the central Pacific, leading to reduced upwelling of nutrient rich waters along the western coast of South America. Important Tips El Nino effects on the atmosphere and oceans: Distortion of equatorial atmospheric circulation: During El Nino, the trade winds weaken or even reverse direction. This allows warm water to build up in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Irregularities in the evaporation of sea water: The warm water in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean has a lower salinity than normal, which reduces the amount of evaporation. This, in turn, reduces the amount of precipitation that falls in the region. Reduction in the amount of planktons which r

13. #13UPSC CDS 2022
    Which one of following is the most important factor for the formulation of smog?
    • ALong winter nights
    • BFormation of an 'inversion lid'
    • CPresence of many air pollutant resources
    • DRapid fall in temperature with increasing height above the sea level
    Answer: (B) Formation of an 'inversion lid'
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct formation of an 'inversion lid' is the most for the formulation of smog. The presence of lid traps the pollutants near the ground their dispersion, leading to the accumulation in the lower atmosphere. This, combined factors like sunlight, temperature, and the air pollutant resources, contributes to the formulation Important Tips An inversion lid is a layer of warm air that traps pollutants close to the ground. This layer of warm air is created when the temperature of the air decreases with height. This temperature inversion prevents the pollutants from rising and dispersing into the atmosphere. Inversion lid leading to the formation of smog: Warm air rises: Normally, warm air rises and mixes with the cooler air above it. This helps to disperse pollutants into the atmosphere. Inversion lid forms: When the temperature of the air decreases with height, a layer of war

14. #14UPSC CDS 2022
    Which one of the following land surfaces has the highest albedo?
    • AA snow covered mountain
    • BA barren rocky piedmont surface
    • CA sandy desert
    • DA mangrove forest
    Answer: (A) A snow covered mountain
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct has the highest albedo of any natural up to of incoming sunlight. Barren surfaces have an albedo of about have an albedo of about and mangrove an albedo of about Solution: Option a is the correct l is correct: Inversion of temperature refers situation where the normal decrease in temperature altitude is inverted, and temperature height. It is a deviation from the typical 2 is correct: Inversion of temperature often clear and calm nights in winter when the ground rapidly through radiation. The cool air near the denser and sinks, creating a stable layer of cold the ground, which traps warmer air above it. This the inversion of 3 is incorrect: Inversion of temperature in various regions and under different including both polar and non-polar regions. not strictly a short-term phenomenon and can persist days or even weeks under favorable conditions. Important Tips Diff

15. #15UPSC CDS 2020
    In the Hadley cell thermal air rises up and finally descends at
    • Aintertropical convergence zone
    • Bdoldrums
    • Csub-tropical high-pressure cells
    • Dequatorial troughs
    Answer: (C) sub-tropical high-pressure cells
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct the Hadley cell thermal circulation, the air descends high-pressure cells. The Hadley cell the equator and subtropics, with warm air rising intertropical convergence zone. Important Tips The Hadley cell, present in both hemispheres between 10 and 30 degrees latitude, is a solar cell driven by high solar insolation. At the equator, intense heating leads to the rising of air, which then cools and forms the anti trade wind moving away from the pole. This ascending air reaches the upper atmosphere around 30 degrees latitude, where it descends, creating subtropical high-pressure systems. The cell is completed by the trade winds, which blow from the high-pressure region towards the equator. The Hadley cell is known for its stability and is associated with tropical monsoons and desert climates

16. #16UPSC CDS 2020
    Which one of the following indicates the Tropical Savannah dim ate?
    • AAw
    • BDfc
    • CCwg
    • DAm
    Answer: (A) Aw
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct indication of the Tropical Savannah climate by the code "Aw". The Tropical Savannah climate is typically found in regions near the equator, distinct wet and dry seasons. It is commonly grasslands, scattered trees, and shrubs. Important Tips Savanna landscapes are characterized by tall grass and short trees, also known as "bush-veld". Trees in the savanna are deciduous, with broad trunks and water storing adaptations to survive drought. The grass in true savanna lands grows tall and coarse, reaching heights of 6 to 15 feet. During the rainy season, the grass appears green and lush, but turns yellow and dies down in the subsequent dry season. As rainfall decreases towards the deserts, the savanna transitions into thorny scrub vegetation

17. #17UPSC CDS 2019
    Which one of the following is the most noticeable characteristic of the Mediterranean climate?
    • ALimited geographical extent
    • BDry summer
    • CDrywinter
    • DModerate temperature
    Answer: (B) Dry summer
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct most noticeable characteristic of the is a dry summer. In Mediterranean climate as Southern Europe, California, and parts of Chile, summers tend to be hot and areas experience a distinct pattern of wet winters summers, with most of the rainfall occurring during months. Important Tips Mediterranean climate: The regions are located in the Western Part of the Continent in between 30-45 degrees North and South of the Equator. Pressure belts are anticyclonic, meaning they rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and anticlockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Anti-cyclonic conditions are accompanied by a clearer sky. Rainfall is uneven, but the regions with Mediterranean climates experience winter rainfalls

18. #18UPSC CDS 2019
    Which one of the is an important supplier of citrus fruits?
    • AEquatorial region
    • BMediterranean region
    • CDesert region
    • DSub-humid region
    Answer: (B) Mediterranean region
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Mediterranean region is an important supplier of This region is known for its favorable climate citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, mandarins. The Mediterranean climate, characterized hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, provides for the cultivation of citrus fruits

19. #19UPSC CDS 2019
    Which one of the following may be the true characteristic of cyclones?
    • ATemperate cyclones move from West to East with Westerlies whereas tropical GEO cyclones follow trade winds
    • BThe front side of cyclone is known as the 'eye of cyclone'
    • CCyclones possess a centre of high pressure surrounded by closed isobars
    • DHurricanes are well-known tropical cyclones which develop over mid latitudes
    Answer: (A) Temperate cyclones move from West to East with Westerlies whereas tropical GEO cyclones follow trade winds
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct a is correct: Temperate cyclones, also known cyclones, generally move from West to the prevailing westerly winds in the middle cyclones are typically associated with the polar are responsible for the weather patterns experienced b is incorrect: The "eye" of a cyclone refers to part of a tropical cyclone or hurricane, which by calm and relatively dear front side of a cyclone does not correspond to the it is usually associated with the leading edge of where the strongest winds and most severe are c is incorrect: Cyclones are characterized by of low pressure, not high pressure. In a air spirals inward toward the center, creating a low atmospheric pressure. The isobars, which are points of equal atmospheric pressure, arranged in a circular or spiral pattern around of the d is incorrect: Hurricanes are not with the mid-latitudes (lies between the the polar circles, or

20. #20UPSC CDS 2017
    Which one of the following statements with regard to Jet stream, an upper-level tropospheric wave, is not correct?
    • AIt is narrow band of high-velocity wind
    • BIt follows the wave path near the tropopause at elevations of 8 km to 15 km
    • CJet streams are typically continuous over long distances
    • DIn summer, the polar front jet achieves its maximum force
    Answer: (D) In summer, the polar front jet achieves its maximum force
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct polar front jet stream is stronger and more the winter months when there is a greater between the polar regions and the mid-latitudes. the polar front jet weakens and often becomes

21. #21UPSC CDS 2016
    Which of the following statements regarding Mediterranean and Monsoon climate is/are correct? 1. Precipitation in Mediterranean climate is in winter while in Monsoon climate it is mostly in summer. 2. The annual range of temperature in Mediterranean climate is higher than the Monsoon climate. 3. Rainy and dry seasons are found in both the climatesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
    • AOnly 1
    • B2 and 3
    • C1 and 3
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Mediterranean climates have and dry summers, while monsoon climates have and dry 2 is incorrect: The annual range of higher in monsoon climates than in This is because monsoon climates are the tropics, where the temperature difference and winter is greater. The Mediterranean characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry where the temperature range is generally the 3 is correct: Both Mediterranean and have rainy and dry seasons. In the the winter season is typically rainy, while season is dry. In the Monsoon climate, there is distinction between the wet monsoon season and season, with the monsoon bringing the majority of precipitation

22. #22UPSC CDS 2016
    Whkh one of the following is the reason due to which the wind in the Southern hemisphere is deflected towards its left?
    • ADifference in the water masses of Northern and Southern hemisphere
    • BTemperature and pressure variations
    • CInclined axis of the Earth
    • DRotation of the Earth
    Answer: (D) Rotation of the Earth
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Coriolis effect is the reason why the wind in hemisphere is deflected towards its left. effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth. Earth rotates, it deflects moving objects to the right Northern hemisphere and to the left in the

23. #23UPSC CDS 2015
    Which one of the following is the pattern of circulation around a low-pressure area in the Northern hemisphere?
    • ACounter-clockwise and away from the centre
    • BClockwise and away from the centre
    • CCounter-clockwise and towards the centre
    • DClockwise and towards the centre
    Answer: (C) Counter-clockwise and towards the centre
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct the Northern Hemisphere, air circulates around a low pressure area in a counterclockwise direction. This to the Coriolis effect, which is a result of the The Coriolis effect deflects moving air to in the Northern Hemisphere, causing the air counterclockwise around a low-pressure center the center

24. #24UPSC CDS 2015
    Which one of the following statement is correct?
    • ACold fronts move at slower rate than warm fronts and therefore, cannot overtake the warm fronts
    • BCold fronts normally move faster than warm fronts and therefore, frequently overtake the warm fronts
    • CCold fronts move at slower rate and eventually, they are overtaken by the warm fronts
    • DCold fronts move faster than warm fronts, but they cannot overtake the warm fronts. 138
    Answer: (B) Cold fronts normally move faster than warm fronts and therefore, frequently overtake the warm fronts
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct fronts, which represent the leading edge of a mass, tend to move faster than warm fronts. As they often catch up to and overtake the slower moving warm fronts. This can lead to weather by the rapid lifting of warm air, thunderstorms and other atmospheric disturbances. Important Tips Warm Front: A warm front occurs when a warm air mass moves towards a cold air mass. It has a gentle slope and as the warm air rises, it condenses and causes precipitation. Unlike a cold front, temperature and wind changes are gradual along a warm front. These fronts bring light to moderate precipitation across a wide area for several hours. Cold Front: A cold front happens when cold air moves towards a warm air zone. The dense cold air remains near the ground and uplifts the less dense warm air. Cold fronts have a steeper slope and are associated with a narrow band of clouds and precip

25. #25UPSC CDS 2014
    Collision-Coalescence process of precipitation is applicable to
    • Aclouds which extend beyond freezing level
    • Bthose clouds which do not extend beyond the freezing level
    • Call types of clouds
    • Dcumulonimbus cloud
    Answer: (B) those clouds which do not extend beyond the freezing level
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Collision-Coalescence process of precipitation to clouds that do not extend beyond the This process occurs in clouds where the above freezing throughout. In these clouds, the collide and coalesce (merge) together to form As these droplets grow in size, they too heavy to remain suspended in the cloud and the ground as clouds that extend beyond the freezing level, called the kc Crystal (Bergeron) process for precipitation formation. This process growth of ice crystals at the expense of supercooled

26. #26UPSC CDS 2014
    The Equatorial region has no other season except summer. What could be the reason? 1. The length of day and night is more or less equal over the year. 2. The Earth's rotational velocity is maximum at the Equator. 3. The Coriolis force is zero at the Equator.Select the correct answer using Dir the codes given below
    • AOnly 1
    • B1 and 2
    • C2 and 3
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) Only 1
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is correct: The equator receives nearly the of daylight and darkness throughout the year in a relatively consistent climate without 2 is incorrect: The Earth's rotational velocity at the equator, but this does not affect the 3 is incorrect: The Coriolis force is zero equator, but this affects the wind patterns and not the seasons

27. #27Previous year
    Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The jet streams are high altitude easterly winds. 2. El Nifio is a warm ocean current 3. El Nino appears along the Peru coast.Select the correct answer using the code given below. (CAPF 2022)
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: Jet streams are narrow strong winds that flow in the upper atmosphere. are often associated with westerly winds, they can easterly and westerly components depending on and 2 is correct: El Nifio is a climate by the warming of the Pacific Ocean along particularly in the central and eastern regions. It with the weakening or reversal of trade winds have significant impacts on global weather 3 is correct: El Nifio events typically the western coast of South America, particularly coast of Peru. Important Tips Ocean Temperature and Currents: Warmer surface waters shift from the western Pacific to the eastern Pacific, affecting marine ecosystems. Increased Rainfall: El Nifio brings increased precipitation and convection above warmer surface waters. South America experiences heavy rainfall, leading to coastal flooding and erosion. Upwelling and Marine Life

28. #28UPSC CAPF 2019
    Doldrum are equatorial calms calm and light winds roaring forties variable both in position and in extent Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 4
    • B2 and 3
    • C1 and 3
    • D2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 4
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct are equatorial calms, characterized by light winds. They are regions near the Earth's the trade winds from the Northern and converge. These converging winds create of low pressure and weak winds, resulting in a zone and variable weather calms, calm and light winds, and variable position and in extent are all features of the forties are strong westerly winds found in Hemisphere, not near the equator

29. #29UPSC CAPF 2018
    In mid-latitude regions, the diurnal variation in weather is due to
    • Araising air /convection
    • Bsinking air/ conduction
    • Cadvection
    • Dradiation
    Answer: (C) advection
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct is the process of transferring heat by movement of air (wind). Advection air masses with different temperatures and humidity move from one place to another. Advection can change the temperature, moisture, and pressure of a region, affecting its weather conditions. Advection is more important than convection in mid-latitude regions, where most of diurnal (day and night) variations in daily weather are caused by advection alone

30. #30UPSC CAPF 2018
    Which of the following statements about tropical cyclone are correct? 1. It originates and develops over warm oceanic surfaces. 2. Presence of Coriolis force is necessary for it. 3. It occurs in the middle latitudinal region. 4. It develops 'eye' with calm and descending air condition.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1, 2 and 4
    • C3 and 4 only
    • D2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 4
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: A tropical cyclone is an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain. Statement 2 is correct: It also requires the presence of Coriolis force to make it 3 is incorrect: Tropical cyclones do not occur middle latitudinal region because the Coriolis force weak 4 is correct: A tropical cyclone develops an calm and descending air condition at the center of Important Tips The conditions that favor the formation and intensification of tropical cyclones are: Large sea surface with temperature higher than C. This provides enough moisture and heat to the storm. Presence of the Coriolis force. This causes the storm to rotate and create a cyclonic vortex. Small variations in the vertical wind speed. This prevents the storm from being torn apart by

31. #31UPSC CAPF 2017
    Which of the following statements about the Equatorial region are correct? 1. It is a mega thermal region. 2. It is a sclerophyll region. 3. It is a region of high development. 4. It is a region of aerial streamlets.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 4
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2, 3 and 4
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 4
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct equatorial region is a zone of the Earth that lies to north and south of the equator. It includes parts and South America, Central Africa, Southeast some islands in the Caribbean 1 is correct: It is a megathermal region, it has a tropical climate with high temperatures throughout the year. The average annual temperature with little variation between months. The comes from the Greek words mega (large) 2 is is not a sclerophyll that it does not have vegetation with hard, that are adapted to dry conditions. Sclerophyll typically found in areas with a Mediterranean as southern Europe, California, Chile, and South 3 is incorrect: It is not a region of meaning that it does not have a high economic growth, industrialization, human well-being. The equatorial region faces such as poverty, inequality, malnutrition, biodiversity loss, climate change, and 4 is correct: It is

32. #32UPSC CAPF 2017
    Which one of the following is not a favourable condition for occurrence of a thunderstorm?
    • AConditional and convective instability
    • BAdequate supply of moisture in the lower atmosphere
    • CAdvection of cold dry air in the lower troposphere and warm moist air in the upper troposphere
    • DA synoptic situation of low level convergence and upper level divergence
    Answer: (C) Advection of cold dry air in the lower troposphere and warm moist air in the upper troposphere
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct of cold dry air in the lower troposphere moist air in the upper troposphere: This is not condition for the occurrence of a is the horizontal movement of air by wind. If air moves into the lower troposphere and warm moves into the upper troposphere, this would create atmosphere, where the air resists vertical stable atmosphere inhibits thunderstorm it prevents the formation of cumulonimbus clouds Important Tips Favorable condition for occurrence of a thunderstorm: Atmospheric instability: This means that the air near the surface is warm and moist, and the air above it is cooler and drier. This creates a steep lapse rate, which means that the temperature decreases rapidly with height. Lifting of potentially unstable air: This means that there is some mechanism that triggers the upward movement of the warm and moist air near the surface. Large supply of warm and mois

33. #33UPSC CAPF 2015
    Which one of the following factors is NOT connected with planetary wind system?
    • ALatitudinal variation of the atmospheric heating
    • BEmergence of the pressure belt
    • CEarth's revolution around the Sun
    • DMigration of the pressure belts due to apparent path of the Sun
    Answer: (C) Earth's revolution around the Sun
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct formation of the planetary wind system is influenced such as the earth's rotation on its axis and the power. The sun's radiation, absorbed differently on RAPHY the earth's surface due to various factors like cloud valleys, water bodies, vegetation, and plays a role in the creation of wind patterns. The generates the Coriolis force. The Coriolis the winds to the right in the Northern to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This is why winds blow from east to west in the tropics, and blow from west to east in the mid-latitudes. Important Tips There are three categories of Planetary Winds: Trade winds: Steady prevailing winds that blow from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. They are located between the equator and the subtropical high-pressure zones. Westerlies: Prevailing winds that blow from the southwest in

34. #34UPSC CAPF 2015
    Consider the following statements relating to cyclone, anti-cyclone and trade wind. 1. The wind direction is clockwise in the cyclone of Northern hemisphere. 2. The planetary wind that blows from North-East to North-West is known as North-East trade wind. 3. The wind direction is anti-clockwise in the anti-cyclone of Southern hemisphere. 4. Both westerlies and trade winds originate from sub-tropical highs.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A3 and 4 only
    • B1, 3 and 4
    • C4 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 3 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is incorrect- The wind direction in cyclones Northern Hemisphere is actually counter-clockwise, 2 is incorrect- Trade winds blow from to the Southwest in the Northern from the Southeast to the Northwest in the 3 is correct- In the anti-cyclone of the the wind direction is are high-pressure systems, and the air in a counter-clockwise direction in the 4 is correct- Both westerlies and trade originate from sub-tropical high-pressure blow from the Southwest in the and from the Northwest in the while trade winds blow from the Northeast Northern Hemisphere and from the Southeast in Hemisphere

35. #35UPSC CAPF 2014
    The inner most region of a hurricane is known as hurricane-eye where
    • Atemperature is highest and pressure is the lowest
    • Btemperature is lowest and pressure is the lowest
    • Csky is clear and temperature is the lowest
    • Dsky is under dense cloud cover and pressure is the lowest
    Answer: (A) temperature is highest and pressure is the lowest
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct innermost region of a hurricane is known as eye. The eye is a relatively calm and clear area center of the storm, surrounded by the eyewall strongest winds and heaviest rainfall occur. Within the temperature is generally the highest compared rest of the storm, as the sinking air in this region leads Additionally, the pressure in the eye is the the air is descending and creating a relatively calm environment

36. #36UPPCS 2019
    The winter rains caused by Western disturbance in North-Western Plain of India gradually decreases from
    • AEast to West
    • BWest to East
    • CNorth to South
    • DSouth to North
    Answer: (B) West to East
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct most noticeable characteristic of the is a dry summer. In Mediterranean climate as Southern Europe, California, and parts of Chile, summers tend to be hot and areas experience a distinct pattern of wet winters summers, with most of the rainfall occurring during months. Important Tips Mediterranean climate: The regions are located in the Western Part of the Continent in between 30-45 degrees North and South of the Equator. Pressure belts are anticyclonic, meaning they rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and anticlockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Anti-cyclonic conditions are accompanied by a clearer sky. Rainfall is uneven, but the regions with Mediterranean climates experience winter rainfalls

37. #37State PCS 2009
    Which of the following option represents correct order of mountain Passes from west to east? I. Shipki La II. Nathu La Bomdi La IV. Lipulekh Code
    • A1
    • BII, IV, I
    • CI, IV
    • DII, I, IV
    Answer: (C) I, IV
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct formation of the planetary wind system is influenced such as the earth's rotation on its axis and the power. The sun's radiation, absorbed differently on RAPHY the earth's surface due to various factors like cloud valleys, water bodies, vegetation, and plays a role in the creation of wind patterns. The generates the Coriolis force. The Coriolis the winds to the right in the Northern to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This is why winds blow from east to west in the tropics, and blow from west to east in the mid-latitudes. Important Tips There are three categories of Planetary Winds: Trade winds: Steady prevailing winds that blow from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. They are located between the equator and the subtropical high-pressure zones. Westerlies: Prevailing winds that blow from the southwest in

38. #38State PCS 1994
    The Indian monsoon is indicated by seasonal displacement because of
    • ADifferential temperature of 1 and and sea
    • BCold wind of middle Asia
    • CExcess similarity of temperature
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (A) Differential temperature of 1 and and sea
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Indian monsoon is caused by the difference in cooling rates of the land and the ocean. During the land gets hotter than the ocean, creating a low pressure area over India. This attracts moist winds from which bring rainfall to the region. During the land cools faster than the ocean, creating a over India. This pushes dry winds from the land to resulting in dry weather

39. #39State PCS 2012
    The general direction of flow of summer monsoon in India is
    • Afrom South to North
    • Bfrom South-West to South-East
    • Cfrom South-East to South-West
    • Dfrom South-West to North-East
    Answer: (D) from South-West to North-East
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct general direction of flow of summer monsoon in from South-West to North-East. This is because monsoon in India is caused by the over the Thar Desert, which attracts moist winds Indian Ocean. These winds while crossing the deflected towards their right because of the and reach the western coast of India as South winds. The direction of these winds reverses winter monsoon, which blows from the northeast months

40. #40State PCS 2018
    The dust storms originating in Rajasthan in May and June months are caused due to- 1. Origin of convectional currents at few places 2. Aravalli hills are parallel to south-western winds 3. Origin of fast speedy easterly winds Code
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B1, 2 and 3
    • C1 and 2 only
    • D1 only
    Answer: (D) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct answer. Statement l is correct- Dust storms that occur in Rajasthan during May and June are primarily driven by the formation of convectional currents at specific locations in the region. Convectional currents involve the circular movement of air due to temperature differences, with warmer, less dense air rising while cooler air descends. In Rajasthan, the intense heating of the desert air during the scorching summer months creates an unstable lower atmosphere, leading to the mixing of strong winds from the middle troposphere downward to the surface and resulting in stronger surface winds. These winds, often associated with thunderstorms, to dust 2 is incorrect- The Aravalli Mountain range to the southwest monsoonwinds originating Arabian Sea. Consequently, these mountains do block these winds, resulting in western characterized as a low-rainfall or arid 3 is inco

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