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Oceanography — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions

121 solved previous year questions on Oceanography, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CSE Prelims 2022
   In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year normally occurs in the s
   • AFirst half of the month of June
   • BSecond half of the month of June
   • CFirst half of the month of July
   • DSecond half of the month of July
   Answer: (B) Second half of the month of June
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year the summer maximum amount of sunlight received by the during this time is usually on June 20, 21 or longest day of 2021 for those living north of the June 21. This day is referred to as the summer solstice, day of the summer season. It occurs when the sun over the Tropic of Cancer, or more specifically 23.5 degree north latitude. Winter Solstice Summer Solstice March 20-21 Vernal Equinox

2. #2UPSC CSE Prelims 1997
   Which one of the following conditions is most relevant for the presence of life on Mars?
   • AAtmospheric composition
   • BThermal conditions
   • COccurrence of ice cap and frozen water
   • DOccurrence of ozone
   Answer: (C) Occurrence of ice cap and frozen water
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct of the most important conditions for the presence on Mars is the availability of liquid water, which for all known forms of life. Orbiting mobile laboratories on the Martian surface have important prerequisites for life stiii exist today - elements such as carbon, hydrogen, Sulphur and phosphorus, and even water, at the form of ice. The occurrence of ice caps and on Mars indicates that there may be liquid water surface or during warmer seasons, which could provide environment for life

3. #3UPSC CDS 2015
   The Earth without rotational movement would result into no Sun-rise and Sun-set. 2. no occurrence of day and night cycle. 3. only one season. Select the correct answer using the codes given below
   • AOnly 1
   • B1 and 2
   • C2 and 3
   • DAll of these
   Answer: (B) 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct the Earth did not have rotational movement, it in the following 1 is correct: The rotation of the Earth on its the apparent rising and setting of the Sun. Earth's rotation, there would be no daily movement Sun across the sky, resulting in the absence of 2 is correct: The rotation of the Earth for the alternation of day and night. As rotates, different parts of it are exposed to to the day and night cycle. Without there would be a fixed illumination pattern, side of the Earth always facing the Sun (perpetual the other side always in darkness (perpetual night) E 3 is incorrect: The Earth's axial tilt and around the Sun are primarily responsible for of different seasons. Even without axial tilt and orbital characteristics would still lead in the amount of sunlight received by resulting in the occurrence of different seasons

4. #4UPSC CAPF 2019
   If the equatorial plane of Earth is not inclined to its orbit, then
   • Aduration of the year would be longer
   • Bsummer would be warmer
   • Cthere would be no change of seasons
   • Dwinter would be longer
   Answer: (C) there would be no change of seasons
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct tilt causes the seasons because it affects how each hemisphere receives throughout the one hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, it direct and intense rays, making it warmer and daylight hours. This is summer for that hemisphere. same hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it direct and weaker rays, making it colder and shorter hours. This is winter for that the equatorial plane of Earth (the plane its axis) was not inclined to its orbit, then there no seasons. The amount of sunlight each would be constant throughout the year, and be no solstices or equinoxes

5. #5State PCS 1992
   Seasonal changes are caused by which one of the special characteristics of Earth's motion?
   • ARevolution around Sun
   • BAxial tilt by 23½ degree
   • CBoth (a) and (b)
   • DRotation on its axis
   Answer: (C) Both (a) and (b)
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct changes are caused by both the revolution around the Sun and the axial tilt of Earth by The revolution of Earth around the Sun length of the year and the seasons, while the axial tilt determines how different parts of Earth receive less solar energy at different times of the year

6. #6UPSC CSE Prelims 2001
   Volcanic eruptions do not occur in the
   • ABaltic Sea
   • BBiack Sea
   • CCaribbean Sea
   • DCaspian Sea
   Answer: (A) Baltic Sea
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct a is correct: The Baltic Sea is a shallow, brackish is located between northern Europe and Scandinavia. the world's largest enclosed inland sea, and it is the North Sea by the Kattegat and Skagerrak straits. Sea is not volcanically active because it is not a plate boundary. The Baltic Sea is part of the and there are no active volcanoes on that and dare incorrect: The Black Sea, and Caspian Sea are all located on plate they are all volcanically active The Black Sea is located on the boundary between Plate and the Anatolian Plate. There are volcanoes in the Black Sea region, including and Mount Caribbean Sea is located on the boundary North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate. several active volcanoes in the Caribbean Sea Mount Pelee and Soufriere Caspian Sea is located on the boundary between Plate and the Arabian Plate. There are volcanoes in the Caspian Sea r

7. #7UPSC CAPF 2020
   A long narrow stretch of sand and/or shingle with one end attached to the mainland is called
   • ASand spit
   • BSand bar
   • CSand dune
   • DTombolo
   Answer: (A) Sand spit
   Explanation

   96. Solution: Option a is the correct answer. Exp) Option a is the correct sand spit is a long, narrow, finger-like landform that is A polje is a large, flat-floored depression in karst to the mainland at one end and extends into the It is the largest type of karst landform, and it can be up It is formed by the deposition of sand and shingle by 100 square kilometers in size. An uvala is a smaller type currents. Sand spits are often found in bays and karst depression than a polje. A swallow hole is a small coasts that are exposed to strong winds and waves. in the ground that leads to an underground cave system. A Important Tips sinkhole is a small depression in the ground that is caused by A sand bar is a submerged ridge of sand or gravel the collapse of limestone bedrock. that runs parallel to the shore. isappearmg A sand dune is a hill or ridge of sand that is formed by the wind. A tomb

8. #8UPSC CSE Prelims 2020
   With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. OMT is measured up to a depth of isotherm which is 129 meters in the south -western Indian Ocean during January- March. 2. OMT collected during January -March can be used in assessing whether the amount of rainfall in monsoon will be less or more than a certain long -term mean.Select the correct using the code given below
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (B) 2 only
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Mean Temperature (OMT) is an important required for atmospheric and oceanic studies and monsoon predictions and ocean heat 1 is incorrect. OMT is measured up to a depth isotherm, is seen at depths varying from 50-100 January-March, the mean isotherm depth in Indian ocean is 59 2 correct. OMT collected during January be used in assessing whether the amount of rainfall will be less or more than a certain long-term OMT data collected during January-March 2018, able to predict with greater probability of the pattern

9. #9UPSC CSE Prelims 2018
   Consider the following statements: 1. Most of the world's coral reefs are in tropical waters. 2. More than one-third of the world's coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and Philippines. 3. Coral reefs host far a greater number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests. 0 jf u 0 / / 4Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B3 only
   • C1 and 3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is correct: Coral reefs are in tropical shallow waters less than 50 meters reefs can be found in tropical destinations around mostly in areas around the equator where the warmer. More than 100 countries have a coral reef borders, and over half of the world's coral reefs within six countries: Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Fiji, and the 2 is correct: Global distribution of So, and Philippines together host more than world's 3 is correct: It is estimated that more than species from thirty-two of the world's phyla live in coral reef habitats. It is around four number of animal phyla found in tropical rain forests. Important Tips Coral -reefs are large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called coral. Coral polyps, the animals primarily responsible for building reefs, can take many forms: large reef building colonies,

10. #10Previous year
    Tides occur in the oceans and seas due to which among the following? CSE Pre. 2015] 1. Gravitational force of the Sun 2. Gravitational force of the Moon 3. Centrifugal force of the EarthSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct l and 2 are correct. Tides are the rise and fall levels caused by the combined effects of the exerted by the moon and the sun, and the rotation 3 is correct. Tides occur due to an imbalance various forces acting on the ocean water at a point In general, the tide-generating force is the these two forces; i.e. the gravitational to the mass of the moon and the centrifugal force rotation of the earth. Together, the gravitational the centrifugal force are responsible for creating major tidal bulges on the earth. On the side of the the moon, a tidal bulge occurs while on the though the gravitational attraction of the moon is it is farther away, the centrifugal force causes tidal the other side

11. #11UPSC CSE Prelims 2014
    Which of the following have coral reefs? 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2. Gulf of Kachchh 3. Gulf of Mannar 4. SunderbansSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1, 2 and 3 are correct. Coral reefs ideally clean water to sunlight through, Salt water, Planktons. In India, the major reef found in the Gulf of Mannar, Palk bay, Gulf of and Nicobar Islands and the 4 is incorrect. Due to the presence of high volume coral reefs are not formed in Fig: Distribution of coral reefs along Indian Coast

12. #12UPSC CSE Prelims 2013
    The most important fishing grounds of the world are found in the regions where
    • Awarm and cold atmospheric currents meet
    • Brivers drain out large amounts of fresh water into the sea
    • Cwarm and cold oceanic currents meet
    • Dcontinental shelf is undulating
    Answer: (C) warm and cold oceanic currents meet
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct meeting of the cold and warm water, produces for the growth of plankton, on which fish or indirectly for their food supply. Thus, the warm and cold currents meet are the best in the instance, Grand Banks in North America is fishing ground where the cold and the relatively warm Gulf Stream

13. #13UPSC CSE Prelims 2012
    Consider the following factors:l. Rotation of the Earth 2. Air pressure and wind 3. Density of ocean water 4. Revolution of the EarthWhich of the above factors influence the ocean currents?
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1, 2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 4 only
    • D2, 3 and 4 only
    Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct. Rotation of Earth leads to which influences direction of ocean currents. effect causes air and water to move towards in the northern hemisphere and the left in the 2 is correct. Wind is the primary force currents in the ocean. Warm air masses form sun's radiation is most intense, which is at the becomes an area of low pressure. Cold air masses the poles, where the sun's radiation is less intense, an area of high pressure. Rising warm air low pressure to high pressure, resulting in wind. wind patterns drive oceanic 3 is correct. The density of ocean water speed of the ocean currents. Also, denser water tends while relatively lighter water tends to 4 is incorrect. Revolution of Earth does not movement of Ocean Planetary winds, Gravity, Salinity of ocean of coastline are some other important factors the movement of ocean currents

14. #14UPSC CSE Prelims 2007
    Consider the following statements: 1. The annual range of temperature is greater in the Pacific Ocean than that in the Atlantic Ocean 2. The annual range of temperature is greater in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere. 14.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct l is incorrect. The size of the oceans and the annual range of temperature e.g., bigger the the annual range and vice versa. The Atlantic relatively higher annual range of temperature Pacific Ocean due to this 2 is correct. The temperature of ocean in the northern and the southern hemispheres dominance of land in the former and water in the oceans in the northern hemisphere receive more to their contact with larger extent of land than in the southern hemisphere and thus of surface water is comparatively higher in than the latter. Important Tips Other factors affecting the distribution of temperature of ocean water include: Latitudes: The temperature of surface water decreases from equator towards the poles because the sun's rays become more and more slanting and thus the amount of insolation decreases poleward accordingly. Prevailing wind: Wind direction largely af

15. #15UPPCS 2015
    Which one of the following denotes water salinity gradient?
    • AThermocline
    • BHalo dine
    • CPycnodine
    • DChemocline
    Answer: (B) Halo dine
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct denotes the water salinity gradient. is a zone in the ocean where there is a rapid salinity with increasing depth. In this region, significantly at higher latitides and at lower iatitudes, creating a distinct water with different salinity characteristics. This found at depths ranging from 300 meters to and is particularly prominent in high and due to variations in water density and temperature. 1000! High tow ratiludos fomperature. Important Tips A pycnocline is a layer where density gradients are greatest in water bodies. Pycnoclines, driven by density gradients, impact ocean flows and vertical profiles, influencing the transport of heat, salt, nutrients, and upwelling. Vertical mixing across pycnoclines occurs through turbulence, playing a crucial role in nutrient transport in the ocean. A thermodine (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes)

16. #16UPPCS 2014
    Which of the following ocean cur rents does not belong to the Indian Ocean?
    • AAgulhas Current
    • BMozambique Current
    • CSouth Indian Ocean Current
    • DBenguela Current
    Answer: (D) Benguela Current
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Benguela Current does not belong to the Benguela Current is a branch of the West of the Southern Hemisphere. It is cold current northward in the South Atlantic Ocean west coast of southern Africa nearly to the merging with the westward-flowing Atlantic Current. The Benguela Current is known for temperatures, relatively low salinity, and high creating favorable conditions for Current, Mozambique Current and South Current are ocean currents of Indian Ocean. so too mi 120 WAAM COLO

17. #17UPPCS 1995
    The highest salinity is found in
    • ADead sea
    • BRed sea
    • CGreat Salt Lake in the U.S.A
    • DLake Van in Turkey
    Answer: (D) Lake Van in Turkey
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Van in Turkey" has the highest salinity. Lake in eastern Turkey, is renowned for its level, measuring approximately 330 parts (ppt). The lake's high salinity is attributed to nature, where it has no outlet, and its which includes the blocking of its original outlet a volcanic eruption. Sea Salinity (in ppt) Baltic Sea 7 Red sea 39 Caspian Sea 180 Dead Sea 250 Lake Van

18. #18UPSC CAPF 2016
    Consider the following statements relating to Sea Salinity: 1. The ocean salinity depends on evaporation and precipitation. 2. Any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity. 3. Major source of sea salinity is terrestrial discharge by rivers.Which of the statements given above are correct?
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct- Evaporation of ocean water dissolved salts, which increases the of water dilutes the 2 is correct- As the temperature of its density decreases. This means that the hold less dissolved salts, so the salinity as the temperature of water decreases, its This means that the water can hold more so the salinity 3 is incorrect- The major source of sea salinity Terrestrial discharge by rivers does salinity, but it is a much smaller factor than evaporation

19. #19UPSC CAPF 2015
    It is reported that there is an ongoing decrease in the pH value of ocean water because of global warming. It happens due to
    • Alarger uptake of CO2 by ocean water
    • Blesser uptake of CO2 by ocean water
    • Clarger uptake of atmospheric nitrogen by ocean water
    • Dlesser uptake of atmospheric nitrogen by ocean water
    Answer: (A) larger uptake of CO2 by ocean water
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct ongoing decrease in the pH value of ocean water, to as ocean acidification, is primarily caused by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by ocean water. concentration of CO2 increases in the atmosphere human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, of that CO2 is absorbed by the ocean. This leads chemical reaction in the water, resulting in the carbonic acid. The increased carbonic acid the pH of the ocean, making it more acidic

20. #20UPSC CDS 2022
    Which one of the following do not influence the ocean currents?
    • AHeating by solar energy
    • BWind
    • CGravitational pull by Sun and Moon
    • DCoriolis force
    Answer: (C) Gravitational pull by Sun and Moon
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct pull by the Sun and Moon primarily tides. The gravitational forces exerted by bodies cause the water levels to rise and fall in resulting in the formation of tides. While tides affect ocean currents by altering water do not directly drive the movement of water distances as ocean currents do. Important Tips Factors influencing ocean currents: Solar heating: Sun's heat warms surface water, making it less dense and causing it to rise and create currents that transport warm water away from the equator towards the poles. Wind: Wind blows surface water, generating waves and currents. Variations in wind direction and speed lead to changes in ocean currents. Coriolis force: Earth's rotation deflects moving water, causing ocean currents to curve as they travel across the Earth's surface. Topography: Ocean floor topography, like the Mid- Atlantic Ridge, can obstruct or redi

21. #21UPSC CDS 2021
    Which one of the following is a cold ocean current?
    • ABrazilian Current
    • BGulf Stream
    • CNorth Equatorial Current
    • DCalifornia Current
    Answer: (D) California Current
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct cold ocean current among the given options California Current. Ocean currents are of seawater driven by various factors such temperature, and the Earth's rotation. The flows southward along the western coast of It is influenced by the cold waters of the System, which originates from the subarctic moves southward along the California coastline. Important Tips Some Important Cold Currents: California Current: A cold ocean current that flows southward along the western coast of North America, bringing cold water from higher latitudes. Benguela Current: A cold ocean current that flows northward along the southwestern coast of Africa, influencing the marine ecosystems and climate in the region. Canary Current: A cold ocean current that flows southward along the western coast of North Africa, affecting the weather patterns and marine life in the area. Peru Current: A co

22. #22UPSC CDS 2020
    Which of the following are warm ocean currents?
    • AKuroshio and California Current
    • BNorth Atlantic Drift and Brazil Current
    • CCanaries and Benguela Current
    • DWest Wind Drift and Falkl and Current
    Answer: (B) North Atlantic Drift and Brazil Current
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct the given options, the warm ocean currents are Atlantic Drift and Brazil Current. The North carries warm waters from the Gulf of Mexico into Atlantic Ocean, moderating the climate of The Brazil Current runs along the eastern South America, transporting warm waters from regions southward and impacting the climate like Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Important Tips Some other warm ocean currents along with their location: Gulf Stream: It originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows along the eastern coast of North America towards Europe. Kuroshio Current: It flows along the eastern coast of Asia, particularly affecting the waters near Japan. Agulhas Current: It flows along the eastern coast of South Africa and influences the weather patterns in the region. North Equatorial Current: It flows westward across the tropical Pacific Ocean, influencing the weather patterns in

23. #23UPSC CDS 2020
    Which one of the following is considered as the deepest point of the oceans?
    • ATonga Trench
    • BMariana Trench
    • CPhilippine Trench
    • DKermadec Trench
    Answer: (B) Mariana Trench
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Mariana Trench is located in the western Pacific is known for its extreme depth. It reaches a of approximately 10,994 meters (36,070 feet) at called the Challenger Deep. This makes it known point in the world's oceans

24. #24UPSC CDS 2019
    Which one of the following is not correct about Sargasso Sea?
    • AIt is characterised with anti-cyclonic circulation of ocean currents
    • BIt records the highest salinity in Atlantic ocean
    • CIt is located West of Gulf stream and East of Canary current
    • DIt confined in gyre of calm and motionless water
    Answer: (C) It is located West of Gulf stream and East of Canary current
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Stream flows along the western boundary of the while the Canary Current is located further east, coast of northwest a is correct: The Sargasso Sea is known for circulation, where ocean currents move in b is correct: It records the highest salinity d is correct: he Sargasso Sea is located gyre, which is an area of calm and relatively

25. #25UPSC CSE Prelims 2012
    The seasonal reversal of winds is the typical characteristic of
    • AEquatorial climate
    • BMediterranean climate
    • CMonsoon climate
    • DAll of the above climates
    Answer: (A) Equatorial climate
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Canary Current is a wind-driven surface cold with the North Atlantic Ocean, specifically part. It flows southwestward from the North extending as far as Senegal before turning west. Current is named after the Canary contrast, the other currents mentioned are the Pacific Ocean: The Kuroshio Current is a warm, north-flowing current in the western North Pacific. The California Current is a cold, south-flowing current along the western coast of North America. The Humboldt Current, also known as the Peru Current, flows northward along the western coast of South America. Important Tips The Kuroshio Current also known as the Black or Japan Current or the Black Stream, is a north flowing, warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean basin. It was named for the deep blue appearance of its waters. Similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, the Kuros

26. #26UPSC CDS 2017
    Tsunami waves are the undersea occurrence of earthquake exceeding 7.5 on Richter scale. Which one of the following statements regarding this is not correct?
    • AIt often generates strong waves
    • BThe Pacific coasts are most vulnerable to Tsunami waves
    • CTsunami waves are also called high energy tidal waves or seismic sea waves
    • DTsunami is a Latin word
    Answer: (D) Tsunami is a Latin word
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct statement "Tsunami is a Japanese word and not a The word "tsunami" is derived from the "tsu" meaning "harbor" and "nami" It refers to a series of ocean waves caused by of a large volume of water, usually due to earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide. Important Tips Tsunamis: Tsunamis can travel across the ocean at high speeds, reaching speeds up to 800 kilometers per hour (500 miles per hour). As they approach the coastline, the depth of the water decreases, causing the wave to slow down and increase in height, potentially causing significant damage and destruction. The Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 was one of the deadliest in recorded history, claiming the lives of more than 230,000 people in 14 countries

27. #27UPSC CAPF 2014
    The Kuroshio is a North flowing Ocean current on the West side of the North Pacific Ocean. Which one among the following statements regarding this is not correct?
    • AIt is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic ocean
    • BIt transports warm, tropical water northward towards the Polar region
    • CThe warm water of the Kuroshio current sustains the coral reefs of Japan
    • DIt begins off the coast of Japan and flows Northward
    Answer: (D) It begins off the coast of Japan and flows Northward
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Kuroshio Current begins off the coast of the flows northeastward past Taiwan and Japan. is a warm ocean current that is often referred to "Black Stream" due to its deep blue color. Important Tips Ocean Currents across the world: OCEAN e

28. #28UPSC CAPF 2014
    The Saragasso Sea is a vast patch of Atlantic Ocean characterized by an abundance of floating brown seaweed called 'Sargassum'. This is formed due to the deposit of marine plants and refuse carried by the 1. North Atlantic current. 2. Canary current. 3. North Atlantic Equatorial current.Select the correct answer using the codes g n below: Codes
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct- The North Atlantic Current is current that originates in the Gulf Stream northward along the east coast of North America. turns eastward and flows across the Atlantic reaching the Sargasso Sea 2 is correct- The Canary Current is a cold originates in the north Atlantic Ocean and along the coast of Africa. It then turns flows across the Atlantic Ocean, eventually reaching 3 is correct- The North Atlantic Equatorial a warm current that originates in the Gulf of Guinea eastward across the Atlantic Ocean. It then and flows across the Atlantic Ocean, the Sargasso Sea. Important Tips The Sargasso Sea is surrounded by several currents that define its boundaries. It is bounded on the west by the Gulf Stream, on the north by the North Atlantic Current, on the east by the Canary Current, and on the south by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current. These currents

29. #29CGPSC 2016
    Which of the following regions is not affected much by the Arabian Sea branch of Monsoon?
    • AThe Western Ghat
    • BDeccan Plateau
    • CMadhya Pradesh
    • DChhattisgarh Basin (e) Noneofthese
    Answer: (D) Chhattisgarh Basin (e) Noneofthese
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon affects the central parts of India, but not the eastern parts. Basin lies in the eastern part of and is mainly influenced by the Bay of of the other regions mentioned in the options are all the Arabian Sea branch to varying degrees. The receive very heavy rainfall from this branch, Deccan Plateau and Madhya Pradesh receive

30. #30JPSC 2021
    In which of the following parts of India 'Atolls' are commonly found?
    • ANear Sunderbans
    • BNear Khambhat Gulf
    • CNear Lakshadweep
    • DNear Rameshwaram
    Answer: (C) Near Lakshadweep
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct are commonly found near Lakshadweep in consists of twelve atolls, three reefs, and banks, making it a region with numerous atolls have a typical northeast-southwest the islands located on the eastern rim and on the western rim, forming lagoons within. Important Tips Different types of coral reef formations: Fringing Reefs: These are coral reefs that develop in close proximity to the shore and extend outward into the sea, forming a submerged platform. For example, the Ningaloo Reef in Australia. Barrier Reefs: Barrier reefs are located at a considera distance from the shoreline, separated by wide expanses of water, and they run parallel to the coastline. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is a famous example. Atolls: Atolls are circular formations of reefs that encircle a central lagoon, often surrounding a low lying island. They are commonly found in the Indian a

31. #31JPSC 2016
    Name the place in India where Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean meet
    • AKanyakumari
    • BIndira Point
    • CNager coil
    • DRameswaram
    Answer: (A) Kanyakumari
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is a coastal town in the state of Tamil Nadu. the meeting point of the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, sea. This place is also known as Cape Comorin. Important Tips Nagercoil: It is a city and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu. Rameswaram: It is a town on Pamban Island, in the southeast Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Rameshwaram Temple is renowned for being a part of one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of

32. #32UPSC CDS 2022
    The Indian desert also known as Marusthali is believed to be under the sea during which one of the following eras?
    • ACenozoic era
    • BPalaeozoic era
    • CMesozoic era
    • DArchaean and Pre-Cambrian era
    Answer: (C) Mesozoic era
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Mesozoic era is the middle era of the Phanerozoic from 252 to 66 million years ago. It is also known "Age of Reptiles" because reptiles were the dominant during this time. The Indian desert is believed been under the sea during the Mesozoic era, when plate was part of Gondwanaland, a also included Africa, South America, and Madagascar

33. #33UPSC CDS 2021
    Which one of the following biosphere reserves comprises islands with estuaries, beaches, coral reefs, salt marshes and mangroves?
    • ASunderban biosphere reserve
    • BGulf of Mannar biosphere reserve
    • CNilgiri biosphere reserve
    • DNandadevi biosphere reserve
    Answer: (B) Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve is known for its and diverse ecosystems, including estuaries, beaches, coral reefs, salt marshes, Located along the southeastern coast of Gulf of Mannar separates the Tamil Nadu state from

34. #34UPSC CDS 2021
    Which one of the following states receives rainfall from both the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch of Monsoon?
    • APunjab
    • BMaharashtra
    • CMeghalaya
    • DTamil Nadu
    Answer: (A) Punjab
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is the state that receives rainfall from both Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch The Arabian Sea branch of the Monsoon to the western part of Punjab, while the Bay of brings rain to the eastern part of Punjab. Important Tips rainfall from both branc G The Arabian Sea branch of the Monsoon brings rain to the western part of Punjab because it blows from the Arabian Sea towards the Himalayas.As the winds rise up the Himalayas, they cool and condense, forming clouds. These clouds then release their moisture as rain on the western side of the Himalayas, including the state of Punjab. The Bay of Bengal branch of the Monsoon brings rain to the eastern part of Punjab b use it blows from the Bay of Bengal towards the Thar Desert.As the winds cross the Ganges Plain, they pick up moisture from the rivers and the soil. This moisture is then released as rain on the easter

35. #35Previous year
    Which one of the following sites does not have coral reef formation? [CAPF 2018)
    • AGulf of Cambay/Khambhat
    • BGulf of Mannar
    • CLakshadweep
    • DAndaman and Nicobar Islands
    Answer: (A) Gulf of Cambay/Khambhat
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct of Cambay/Khambhat is a shallow inlet of the along the coast of Gujarat. It does not have coral as it is influenced by high sedimentation such as Narmada and Tapti, as well as and urbanization. Important Tips The Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat features some of the world's northernmost reefs, which are adapted to high salinity and temperature variations. These are fringing reefs that are relatively less developed and diverse than other reefs in India 1 GEOGR Palk Bay is a shallow sea between India and Sri Lanka, which contains fringing reefs along the coasts of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. These reefs are rich in biodiversity and support many livelihoods such as fishing and seaweed farming. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a group of more than 500 islands in the Bay of Bengal, which have fringing reefs around most of them. These reefs are among the most pristine and dive

36. #36Previous year
    Which strait connects the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean? [53rd to 55th. (Pre) 201 l
    • ABab-El-Mandeb
    • BHormuz
    • CBosphorus
    • DMalacca
    Answer: (B) Hormuz
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Indian states that share international boundary are West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, It does not share its border with Meghalaya. 699 Km long Border with India. Important Tips Bhutan It is a landlocked country and is bordered by China in the north and India in the south. The capital of Bhutan is Thimphu. Buddhism is the state religion of Bhutan. The official language of Bhutan is Dzongkha. It is a Sino- Tibetan language

37. #37Practice set
    With respect to the origin of Moon, which of the following theories/hypothesis explains formation of moon? 1. As per George Darwin, the Moon formed when a dumb-bell-shaped body eventually broke into Earth and Moon. 2. As per the Big Splat theory, the material forming the Moon was separated from the depression occupied by the Pacific Ocean. 3. As per the Accretion hypothesis, the Earth and the Moon formed together as a double system originating from the primordial accretion disk.Select the correct answer form the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D2 and 3 only
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is coruct ot the Moon refers to any of the various the of the Monn. Earth's natural l is correct: In 1838, Sir George Darwin initially, the earth and the moon fornwd 8 body. The whole mass became a and eventually it broke. It was also suggested material forming the moon was separated from GRAPHY we have at present the depression occupied by the 2 is incorrect: As per the "giant impact" or splat" theory, a body of the size of one to three of mars collided into the earth sometime shortly earth was formed. It blasted a large part of the earth This portion of blasted material then continued the earth and eventually formed into the about 4.44 billion years 3 is correct: The hypothesis of accretion the Earth and the Moon formed together as a from the primordial accretion disk of the The problem with this hypothesis is that it does the angular momentum of the Earth-Moon why the Moon ha

38. #38Practice set
    Which of the following statements correctly defines the term "Orion arm"? Coriolis force. in a fixed direction. earth. lal Practkebook Which of the following factors contributed to the formation of lithosphere?
    • ARing of stars formed after the supernova explosion
    • BDense concentration of newly formed stars
    • COuter disc of the galaxy which emit relatively low energy
    • DA mi nor arm of the Milky Way Galaxy containing solar system. 2 7
    Answer: (D) A mi nor arm of the Milky Way Galaxy containing solar system. 2 7
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Urion Arm is the minor spiral arm of the Milky and is probably some 3,500 light-years wide. GRAPHY Solar System (including the Earth and the Sun) is the Orion Arm - about one-third from the centre years from the centre) of the Milky Way galaxy. Important Tips Milky Way galaxy: Our Milky Way galaxy is the island of stars. Our solar - - in astronomers once thought was a mere bridge of stars, gas, and dust clouds. In recent decades, research advances have revealed that we live in our very own spiral arm of the galaxy, albeit a relatively minor one. Our spiral arm is the Orion-Cygnus Arm, or simply, the Orion Arm or Local Arm. The Orion Arm gets its name from the constellation Orion the Hunter, which is one of the most prominent constellations of Northern Hemisphere winter (Southern Hemisphere summer)

39. #39Practice set
    Consider the following statements with respect to aphelion and perihelion: 1. Aphelion happens in early July while perihelion happens in early January. 2. Aphelion and perihelion determine different seasons on Earth. 3. Speed of Earth is fastest at Aphelion and slowest at Perihelion.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is the position of the earth when it is farthest sun while perihelion is the position of the earth when nearest from the l is correct: Aphelion always happens in About two weeks after the June solstice, Earth from the Sun. Perihelion always happens in About two weeks after the December Solstice, closest to the 2 is incorrect: Aphelion and Perihelion are to Earth's seasons. It's not the distance from that causes seasons on Earth. Seasons happen axis is tilted at an angle. It's because Earth orbits on a tilt that our planet gets more or less of the rays at different times of the 3 is incorrect: Speed of Earth is fastest and slowest at Aphelion (Kepler's Second Second Law says that a line running from the the planet sweeps out equal areas of the ellipse in This means that the planet speeds up as it sun and slows down as it departs from it. Important Tips Though aphel

40. #40Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Mid Oceanic Ridges: 1. These are the longest mountain chain on the surface of the earth. 2. These ridges are tectonic in origin. 3. The quake foci in these ridges usually have a shallow depth. many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct - Mid Oceanic Ridges forms chain of mountain systems within the are the longest mountain chain on the surface of though submerged under the oceanic 2 is correct - The rift system at the crest is of intense volcanic activity. The mid-oceanic found to be most active in terms of volcanic dating of the rocks from the oceanic crust revealed that they are much younger than the continental 3 is correct - In general, the foci of the the areas of mid-oceanic ridges are at shallow those along the Alpine-Himalayan belt as well as of the Pacific, the earthquakes are deep-seated ones

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