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Resources & Industry — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions

36 solved previous year questions on Resources & Industry, papers from 2008 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPSC CSE Prelims 2013
   Consider the following: 1. Electromagnetic radiation 2. Geothermal energy 3. Gravitational force 4. Plate movements 5. Rotation of the earth 6. Revolution of the earthWhich of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?
   • A1, 2, 3 and 4 only
   • B1, 3, 5 and 6 only
   • C2, 4, 5 and 6 only
   • D1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
   Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct answer the above are responsible for bringing dynamic the surface of the earth. Transfer from potential to results in dynamic l is correct. Electromagnetic radiation from the source of heat and energy on Earth. This energy is all life on earth. It leads to precipitation and weathering 2 is correct. Geothermal energy is heat the sub-surface of the earth. It leads to melting of volcanism and other dynamic changes. APHY Option 3 is correct. Due to the gravitational forces, the and their moons interact with each other in a that the Solar system is stable. The tides in the oceans by gravitational force which leads to erosion 4 is correct. Movements of plates leads to islands, mountains, volcanoes, 5 is correct. Rotation of earth causes day and night, results in pressure differences due to differential earth surface. This cause winds to flow and surfaces, as prominently

2. #2UPSC CDS 2022
   Which one of the following processes leads to expansion of certain minerals as they take up water, causing additional stress in the rock? -r
   • AHydrolysis
   • BHydration
   • COxidation
   • DCarbonation
   Answer: (B) Hydration
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct is the process by which a substance water. In the case of minerals, hydration can minerals to expand. This is because the water get trapped in the crystal structure of the mineral, cause the crystal to grow. The expansion of the put stress on the rock, which can eventually lead to breaking

3. #3UPSC CDS 2022
   Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh is known for
   • ASolar energy
   • BGeothermal energy
   • CBioenergy
   • DWind energy
   Answer: (B) Geothermal energy
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct in Himachal Pradesh is known for energy. Geothermal energy is a form energy that is generated from the heat within Manikaran is located in a region where there is a of geothermal energy, and this energy is generate electricity and heat water

4. #4UPSC CDS 2022
   Consider the following statements about an Indian State: 1. It is well known globally for its variety of rocks and minerals. 2. It has the largest deposits of Chrysotile Asbestos in the country. 3. The Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar Hydel Project is located in this State. Identify the State from the following
   • AJharkhand
   • BRajas than
   • CAndhra Pradesh
   • DChhattisgarh
   Answer: (C) Andhra Pradesh
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Pradesh is well known globally for its variety and minerals. It has the largest deposits of in the country. The Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Project is also located in this state

5. #5UPPCS 2015
   For the location of which one of the following industries, the availability of raw material is not the primary consideration?
   • AIron and Steel
   • BSugar
   • CElectronics
   • DCement
   Answer: (C) Electronics
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct answer electronics industry is not dependent on of raw materials as the primary factor location. The electronics industry mainly relies on of skilled labor, capital, technology, and The other industries, such as iron and steel, cement, are more influenced by the availability of such as iron ore, coal, sugarcane, and

6. #6Previous year
   Which of the following regarding chemical industry in India is/are correct? [CDS 2016 1. Chemical industry is one of the oldest industries in India. 2. Dyestuff sector is one of the important segments of chemical industry. 3. Textile industry accounts for the largest consumption ofSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
   • AOnly 1
   • B2 and 3
   • C1 and 3
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (A) Only 1
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct paleomagnetic results obtained from India in the past, the Indian landmass has moved is because the magnetic field of the Earth has polarity several times in the past, and the rocks in these reversals. By studying the orientation of minerals in these rocks, scientists can direction in which the Indian landmass was moving time the rocks were Indian landmass was once part of the which also included Africa, South and Antarctica. About 180 million years began to break apart, and the Indian to drift northward. It collided with the about 40 million years ago, and this the formation of the northward movement of the Indian landmass is and it is estimated that Indian landmass is 5 centimeters per year. This slow movement is Himalayas to rise at a rate of about l centimeter per year. Important Tips Paleomagnetism: Paleomagnetism is a field of study that investigates the Ear

7. #7Previous year
   'Marquette range' in United States of America is famous for which mineral? [MPPCS (Pre) 2021)
   • AUranium
   • BCopper
   • CZinc
   • DIron ore
   Answer: (D) Iron ore
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Marquette Iron Range is a deposit of iron ore Marquette County, Michigan in the United States. of Ishpeming and Negaunee developed as a result this deposit. A smaller counterpart of Range, this is one of two iron ranges in the basin that are in active production as of 2018

8. #8State PCS 2008
   Which of the following is different from the remaining three
   • AHematite
   • BMagnetite
   • CLimonite
   • DBauxite
   Answer: (D) Bauxite
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct is different from the other three minerals is not an iron oxide, but a mixture of hydrated Bauxite is the main source of aluminum, magnetite, and limonite are iron ores. Important Tips Bauxite Ore: Bauxite is a mixture of hydrated aluminum oxides, which means it contains aluminum, oxygen, and water in various proportions. Bauxite is formed by the weathering of rocks that contain aluminum minerals, such as feldspar or clay. Bauxite is usually reddish-brown, yellow, or white in color, and has a pisolitic or earthy texture. GEO Bauxite is the main source of aluminum, which is used for making various products, such as cans, foil, aircraft, end alloys

9. #9Practice set
   to 'Stalactite and Stalagmite', consider the following statements: 1. The elongated structure of minerals hanging from the ceilings of caves is known as stalagmite. 2. The formation of the stalactite is directly dependent on the source of the rock above a cave. 3. These cave features are not found in Indian subcontinent.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (A) Only one
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct l is incorrect: A stalactite (not the an elongated structure of minerals formed and the ceilings of caves, hul springs, or such as and mines. They are a solution of minerals in the water, slowly the 2 is correct: There are four conditions the deposition of the minerals and formation of They are: a source of rock above a cave or a cavern, percolation of water downwanl, supplied from rain or any other source such as moisture in the wind, a very well regulated, tight but continuous flow of the solution of the mineral and water for determining slow drip, proper hollow air space to provide for either evaporation or escape of carbon dioxide from the water, thus, in turn, losing the solvent 3 is incorrect: The formation of stalactite common in caves and are found in of Indian subcontinent. One such formation Linga inside Borra Caves (Andhra Pradesh), India's Meghalaya st

10. #10Practice set
    to 'Solar Radiation on Earth', consider the following statements: 1. The surface of Earth receives most of its energy in long ultraviolet wavelength. 2. The solar output received at the top of the atmosphere is constant throughout the year. 3. The angle of inclination of the rays of sun influences the amount of insolation received at different latitudes.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect: The earth-atmosphere is the balance between incoming energy from and outgoing energy from the Earth. Energy the Sun is emitted as shortwave light and The earth's surface receives most of its energy 2 is incorrect: The solar output received at of the atmosphere varies slightly in a year due to in the distance between the earth and the the distance between the Sun and Earth changes, of solar output received will also changes 3 is correct: The amount and the intensity vary during a day, in a season and in a year. that cause these variations in insolation includes of inclination of the sun's rays

11. #11Practice set
    With respect to heat budget of the earth which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Net radiation is the difference between all incoming solar energy and all outgoing terrestrial energy. 2. Sensible heat transfer from energy surplus to energy deficit areas is accomplished Li by atmospheric circulations and ocean currents.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Statement l is correct: Net radiation is the difference between all incoming solar energy and outgoing terrestrial energy. It is an important measure for categorization of earth on the basis of heat energy. Statement 2 is correct: The surplus heat energy from the tropics is redistributed poleward through atmospheric circulation and ocean currents. Thus, sensible heat gets transferred from energy surplus to energy deficit areas

12. #12Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the significance of Coastal Plains of India: 1. They help in providing food security. 2. They Provide energy security. 3. They Provide ports for facilitating trade. 4. They provide Wood of softwood evergreen trees for manufacturing paper and packing boxes. ok GEHow many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct: The coastal plains, especially ones are full of silt and alluvium and help such as rice, which help feed in deep coastal waters also helps with feeding 2 is correct: The sedimentary rocks in shelfs adjacent to these plains contain the mineral oil (petroleum) and natural gas, for Godavari delta. This helps India with its This is because India's economy and rapidly advancing and a lot of energy is required activities as well as living purposes. So, help with India's energy 3 is correct: India has a long coastline of km. It provides for many ports and harbours - them natural (especially on the Western Coast). help the economy by facilitating trade. Most of o o k GRAPHY world trade in merchandise still occurs by sea routes. ports are crucial for conducting 4 is incorrect: Softwood evergreen trees in the Himalayas, not in the western coastal woods of thes

13. #13Practice set
    With reference to the Tertiary and Gondwana coal, consider the following statements:l 1. 1. The Gondwana coals are found in the rocks while the lerliary coals are found in the igneous rocks. 2. Tertiary coal has higher sulphur content than the Gondwana coal. 3. Singrauli coal mines is one of the major producers of Tertiary coal in India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct is formed due the compression of plant material of years. It can be classified into Gondwana, coals based on the age of formation i.e., are 200 million years old and Tertiary Coal is million years 1 is incorrect: Both the coals are found sedimentary rocks and the difference lies in its Coals are 200 million years old and Tertiary about 55 million years is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from and preservation of plant materials, usually swamp 2 is correct: Tertiary coals are inferior coals. Tertiary coal is lower in carbon higher amount of Sulphur in comparison to 3 is incorrect: Singrauli Coalfield is the districts of Singrauli and Son Bhadra in the of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh respectively. one of the major producers of Gondwana coals in tertiary coal. Anthracite 86-92 Bituminous coal 76-86 Sub-Bituminous coal 70-76 Lignite Peat Solution: Option b i

14. #14Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding distribution of coal in India: 1. Gondwana coal makes up more than 90 percent of both coal reserves and coal production in India. 2. There are no tertiary coal reserves in India. 20. 3. Jharia is the largest coal field in India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct coal bearing strata of India are geologically two main categories, viz., Gondwana coal fields coal l is correct: Gondwana coal comprises about of the total reserves and 99 percent of the coal in India. Gondwana coal is said to be about years 2 is incorrect: Tertiary Coals are found in of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Kerala and and the Union Territory of Pondicherry and Kashmir also have Tertiary coal 3 is correct: Jharia is the largest coal by Raniganj. Other important coal mining Singrauli in Madhya Pradesh (part of Singrauli coal in Uttar Pradesh), Korba in Chhattisgarh, Talcher in Odisha, Chanda-Wardha, Kamptee and Maharashtra and Singareni in Telangana and Pandur Pradesh

15. #15Practice set
    With reference to the distribution of Coal across the world, which of the following is/are correct? 1. More than of the world's total proved coal reserves are located in USA and China. 2. USA is the biggest producer and consumer of coal. 40. 3. India is the second-biggest coal producer and consumer of coal.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 only
    • C3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is incorrect. More than of the world's coal reserves are located in ten countries with and Australia at top three positions. The largest in the world by reserves is the North Antelope mine in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, 2 is incorrect. China is the world's and consumer of coal. It ptoduced of of the world's total coal production), while its accounted for more than of the in 2018 whereas the United States holds the coal reserves. The nation's proved coal reserves as 2018 stood at 250.2 billion tonnes (Bt) approximately of the world's proven coal 3 is correct. India is the second-biggest and consumer, after China. It produced of the world's total) in 2018. India also of the world's total coal consumption. It of coal in 2018, becoming the world's importer

16. #16Practice set
    With reference to nuclear power in India, consider the following statements: 1. Kudankulam Power Plant is the nuclear plant with highest-capacity in India. 2. Share of nuclear-powered electricity in India has remained stagnant in the last two decades. 3. The share of nuclear-powered electricity produced in India is largest among advanced economies. 42.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. the highest-capacity nuclear plant in India, with a currently installed with a further construction. Kudankulam is the only nuclear India that uses pressurized water reactors (PWR) boiling water reactors (BHWR) or pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWR). The PWRs are based on 2 is correct. The share of in India has remained stagnant in the decades, at a time there art" increased efforts to energy. The share of nuclear in the 3.7 per cent in 3 is incorrect. The share of produced in India is significantly lower than the advanced economies. While countries such as Ukraine generate 70.6 per cent imd 51.2 per t respectively from nuclear sources, they are 3.3 per cent of Iudia's total electricity generation

17. #17Practice set
    With reference to Coal Bed Methane (CBM) in India, consider the following statements: 1. Exploitation of CBM negatively impacts the wildlife and biodiversity of the region. 2. During extraction of CBM, a large amount of salinized water is released into freshwater ecosystems. 3. During the process of extraction of CBM, methane is emitted causing global warming in the atmosphere.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c the correct methane (CBM), is a form of natural gas that from coal beds. It has become popular in ar. it h a eue,gy source. an unconventional source of natural gas is as an alternative source for augmenting India lras the fifth largest proven coal reserves in the world and thus holds significant exploration and exploitation of are a few concerns and challenges associated coal bed methane. They are discussed l is correct. Exploitation of Coal Bed disturbance of the lands drilled for coal bed its effed un habitats results Water discharges from CBM development downstream water 2 is correct. In the process of extraction of large amount of salinized water is released into This could pose adverse impacts. Disposal water is an 3 is correct. Methane is emitted during of extraction of CBM. Methane is a and hence raises concerns. Also, in the early stages of CBM, the production behavior i

18. #18Practice set
    Why does India import coal despite having large reserves of coal? 1. As a policy measure, Indian Government intends to save its own coal reserves for future and import it for the present needs. 2. Thermal power plants in India are not able to get sufficient supplies of coal from domestic production. 3. Steel companies need large quantity of coking coal which has to be imported.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1, 2 and 3
    • D1 and 3 only
    Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct is the second largest producer of coal in the China. India is currently producing about Tonnes of coal. However, domestic not able to meet the demand of coal in the l is incorrect: The imports are compensate for the lack of good quality coking coal from the mining sources country. Thus, India imports huge quantity out of compulsion and not as a policy 2 is correct. Coal meets around of energy needs in India and around of generation is coal based. Domestic production is able to meet only approximately of domestic demand, for the rest, coal needs to be imported. Statement 3 is correct. In India, about 97 percent coal is of Gondwana type and remaining is the Tertiary type. The coal obtained from the Gondwana formations is mainly bituminous and needs to be converted into Coke before it can be used in the iron and steel industry. Thus, the imports compensate for the la

19. #19Practice set
    Which of the following factors are responsible for setting up of petroleum refineries? 1. Access to labour supply 2. Near to crude oil producing areas 3. Access to large bodies of water 4. Climate of the regionSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, gas and petroleum l is correct. In petroleum refineries, there is a of skilled labours and other labours for damping, unplugging of certain support for machines and motors and lot access to labour supply is an important factor setting up of petroleum 2 is correct. Many oil refineries are located on fields themselves. For refineries based on fields in the greatest advantage is the proximity of oil. Transport costs are saved and refining can soon as the oil is brought to the surface. However, it essential that these refineries should be located near 3 is correct. Refineries must also be near of water or ports, due to the large amount of used to process oil, especially in the coo

20. #20Practice set
    With reference to the major industrial regions around the world, consider the following pairs:Major Industry Country/Region 1. Iron and Steel Germany 2. Textiles India 3. Information California, USA TechnologyHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct world's major industries are the iron and steel textile industry and the information technology iron and steel and textile industry are the older information technology is an emerging l is correctly matched. The countries in which iron industry is located are Germany, USA, China, Japan Other main producers of iron and steel in the South Korea, Brazil, Ukraine, India, France, Italy Britain, South Africa, Australia, Austria, Republic, Romania, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, 2 is correctly matched. Textile industry is India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan. producers of cotton cloth in the world are Russia, USA, Japan, Italy, Germany, Hong France and 3 is correctly matched. The major hubs of industry are the Silicon Valley of and the Bangalore region of India. Sil.icon a region in Northern California that serves as a for high technology aud innovation. Located in p

21. #21Practice set
    Which of the following factors will have a definite impact on the automobile industry? 1. Technology 2. Demography 3. Level of competition 4. Total cost of ownershipSelect the correct answer from the codes given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2, 3 and 4 only
    • C2 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct provide vehicle for quick transport of and passengers. Trucks, buses, cars, motor three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles in India at various Affecting Automobile Industry: Economic conditions: Economic factors have always played a prominent role in affecting the demand and sales of automobiles around the world.When the level of economic activity is high globally, automobile demand and sales are generally high and on the contrary, if the global economy is through a recessionary period, car sales are low worldwide. Car prices: Consumers compare the prices of cars before making a purchase. Large number of car brands that sell family cars and SUVs, the middle customer is their main target segment and prices are therefore important. Fuel Prices: If the Petrol Pricegrow higher, the number of cars purchased will decrease. In some markets, the prices of owning a car can

22. #22Practice set
    Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Computer Chips manufacturing can be located anywhere in the world. Reasoning It is a type of footloose industry. For the Assertions (and Reasons which is correct alternative from the following?
    • ABoth A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A
    • BBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
    • CA is true but R is false
    • DA is false but R is true
    Answer: (A) Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is explanation of industry is a general term for an industry be placed and located at any location without factors of production such as resources, land, capital. Foot loose industries can be located in a of places. They are not dependent on any specific weight losing or otherwise. They largely component parts which can be obtained anywhere. in small quantity and also employ a small These are generally not polluting industries. factor in their location is accessibility by industries often have spatially fixed costs, that the costs of the products do not change where the product is assembled. Diamonds, and mobile manufacturing are some examples industries. These are generally

23. #23Practice set
    Which of the following pairs are matched correctly? 1. Aircraft Karnataka Manufacturing 2. Ship Recycling Gujarat Industry 3. Sugar Industry Tamil Nadu Practiceb o o kSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct refers to an economic activity concerned with of raw materials and manufacture of goods 1 is correctly matched. The hub of the nation's industry is at Bangalore, Karnataka a share of this economic sector. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian state owned aerospace and defence company, Bengaluru, India. Established on 23 December is one of the oldest and largest aerospace and in the world 2 is correctly matched. India has the world's largest operation - the Alang-Sosiya ship recycling situated on the west coast of Gujarat. Alang at nearly 120 active recycling yards dismantling to extract various types of scraps and equipment and 3 is incorrectly matched. Uttar Pradesh is the sugar-producing state. There are about 120 in the state. Maharashtra is the second and the country's third-largest sugar-producing state. and Maharashtra together share 66 per cent o

24. #24Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/ are correct regarding the Petrochemical Industries? 1. It is a highly capital-intensive industry. 2. The Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited is the largest petrochemicals producer in the country. 3. Polymers are an example of the petrochemical industries.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct Petrochemical industry, which entered the scene in the registered a rapid growth and l is correct. The Petrochemical industry is chemical industry that uses organic raw natural gasses, crude oil, refinery gases, etc. It is a highly capital-intensive industry as and the size of production in Petro-chemicals 2 is incorrect. Reliance is the largest petrochemicals in India controlling almost the growing Indian polymer market. While Corporation Limited (IPCL) is the second largest petrochemicals producer in the country with a market of about 25-30 per cent in the domestic polymers (primarily MEG) 3 is correct. The petrochemical industry is four sub-groups: (i) polymers, (ii) synthetic Fibers, ( and (iv) surfactant intermediate. These used as raw materials in the plastic industry which is important petrochemical

25. #25Practice set
    With reference to the Gurugram-Delhi- Meerut industrial region, consider the following statements: 1. Industries located in this region are light and market-oriented. 2. Agra-Mathura industrial area of this region specializes in glass goods. 3. Proximity of coal and iron ore facilitated the location of heavy industries in this region.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    option bis the correct located in this region have shown very fast the recent I is correct. This region is located far the mineral and power resources, and therefore, are light and market-oriented Statement 2 is correct. Agra-Mathura industrial specializes in glass and leather goods, Mathura, oil refinery, is a petrochemical 3 is incorrect. Proximity of coal, iron ore minerals facilitated the location of heavy Chotanagpur region and not region. Electronics, light engineering goods are major industries of this region

26. #26Practice set
    Which of the following is/are the characteristic (s) of the 'Footloose industries? 1. They can only be set up near large markets. 2. They are always highly polluting industries. 3. Iron ore industry is a Footloose industry.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C2 only
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct Footloose industry is an industry that can be placed at any location without being affected by as resources or transport. These industries spatially fixed costs, which mean that the costs of do not change regardless of where the product Diamonds and computer chips are some footloose industries. In a traditional industry, costs and depend on the distance from the source of transportation lines, l is incorrect. Footloose industries can be set or away from large markets. Its products can reach variety of markets no matter where they are 2 is incorrect. They produce in small also employ a small labour force. Thus, they are to be set up at a particular location. These non-polluting industries. Non-polluting majorly air, land and water pollution. Some do cause noise pollution as well as 3 is incorrect. Iron ore industry is not a Industries that use weight-losing raw mate

27. #27Practice set
    With reference to the High Technology Industry, consider the following statements: 1. It is the application of intensive research and development to produce an advanced scientific product. 2. It is featured by a neatly spaced and modern building rather than massive assembly structures. 3. In these industries, white collar workers greatly outnumber the blue-collar workers.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct technology, or simply high-tech, is the latest manufacturing activities. Robotics on the assembly design (CAD) and manufacturing, of smelting and refining processes, and the of new chemical and pharmaceutical notable examples of a high-tech l is correct: High technology industry is as the application of intensive research (Rand D) efforts leading to the products of an advanced scientific and Professional (white collar) workers make large share of the total workforce. These highly greatly outnumber the actual production 2 is correct: Neatly spaced, low, office-plant-lab buildings rather than structures, factories and storage areas mark industrial landscape. Planned business parks start-ups have become part of regional and 3 is correct: Professional (white collar) up a large share of the total workforce in these highly skilled specialists greatly outnumber the (blue

28. #28Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to different types of industries: 1. Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals. 2. Public sector industries are wholly owned by the state. 3. Cooperatives sector industries are owned by its members with the major motive of profit maximization.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct the basis of ownership, industries are classified into sector, the public sector, joint sector, and l is correct: Joint sector industries are operated by the state and individuals. Maruti Udyog example of such an industry. It ensures capital the state and managerial efficiency of the private 2 is incorrect: Public sector industries are the government. The share of government should be or more than 51 so that the state retains 3 is incorrect: Cooperatives are are owned, controlled and run by their societies function for a common benefit motive to help their members. The primary motive is the power of collective bargaining for the welfare weaker sections of the community. If the earns profit, it will be shared among the members

29. #29Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the factors that determine the distribution pattern of population in India: 1. Climatic variations 2. Presence of deserts and mountains 3. Availability of mineral resources 4. Prospects of industrial growthWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 and 4 only
    • B3 and 4 only
    • C1, 2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct respect to the socio-economic and historical evolution of settled agriculture and further agriculture; pattern of human settlements; transport network, industrialization and played important role in determining the pattern distribution in to climate, terrain and availability of water, Indian plains, deltas and coastal plains proportion of population in comparison to south hinterland, hilly and desert l and 2 are correct, The twin elements of temperature play an important role in determining of an area. Extremes of climate aren't a moderate climate favors population example, Leh and Ladakh, due to extreme and arid climate, are not densely they are in high mountains with infertile soil. deserts in Rajasthan is sparsely populated as it falls shadow area of Aravalli mountains making it an Hence absence/ presence of mountains and of the population 3 is correct. The high

30. #30Full-length test
    Consider the following industries: 1. Iron and Steel Industry 2. Coal Industry 3. Sugarcane Industry 4. Cotton Textile Industry 5. Aluminum IndustryHow many of the above are weight-losing raw materials-based industries?
    • AAll five
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DOnly four
    Answer: (D) Only four
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct industry is an industry where the are relatively heavier than the finished the weight of the final product is less than the weight raw material, transporting raw materials to the market would be expensive. Therefore, the tends to locate near the sources of raw 1, 2, 3 and 5 are correct: Iron and steel ore and Coal and Sugarcane industries, are weight-losing raw 4 is incorrect: Cotton textile industry uses a non weight-losing raw material and is generally located in center, e.g., Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat, etc. industry is considered as a weight gaining industry

31. #31Full-length test
    With reference to the energy sources in India, consider the statements: 1. In India, natural gas hydrates are found in Krishna Godavari and Cauvery basins. 2. The sites for Geothermal energy in India includes Puga Valley, Cambay and Tattapani. 3. Offshore wind energy can be generated from turbines installed in shallow waters only.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: Natural gas hydrates are of methane and water and exist in shallow outer continental margins. US Geological Survey India has the second largest gas hydrates in Krishna Godavari, Cauvery and Kerala basins 100-130 trillion cubic feet of estimated 2 is correct: As per preliminary by the GSI, there are around 300 geothermal in India. The promising geothermal sites for generation are Puga Valley and Jammu Kashmir, Cambay in Gujarat, Tattapani Khammam in Telangana and Ratnagiri The promising geothermal sites for direct applications are Rajgir in Bihar, Manikaran in Surajkund in Jharkhand, Tapoban in Sohana region in 3 is incorrect: Offshore wind energy refers deployment of wind farms inside the water bodies. the sea winds to generate electricity. These wind use fixed-foundation turbines or floating A fixed-foundation turbine is built in whereas a floating

32. #32Full-length test
    Which of the following is/are impacts of hydropower plants on the environment? 13. 1. Migration barrier for wildlife. 2. Decline in water quality. 3. Greenhouse gas emission.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct. Hydropower dams impede the rivers and thereby affect the habitat of various and act as migration barriers. Migratory different environments for their different phases life 2 is correct. Water quality decline is one of of hydropower and water quality may be a hydropower plant. Water discharged from can be of a different composition to the water flowing into a 3 is correct. Reservoirs created by contribute significantly to atmospheric This is because organic material trapped in such as dead plants, breaks down and like carbon dioxide and methane into the

33. #33Full-length test
    Which of the following is/are the reasons for the concentration of minerals in the plateau region of India? 1. The Plateau region contains ancient crystalline rocks which are rich in minerals. 2. The region has a thick cover of soil which helps in holding the minerals together. 3. Simple geological structure of the region helps in easy exploration of minerals.Select the correct answer from the code given below: (a} 1 only
    • AOnly one
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 66
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. Plateau region in India contains crystalline rocks which are rich in minerals. Most of the minerals are found in crystalline rocks of the Deccan and Some minerals are found in the Himalayan they are difficult to 2 is incorrect. Northern Plains region has cover, conceals the minerals in bedrocks deep region is very poor in mineral resources of 3 is correct. Low hills and simple of the plateau region of India helps in of minerals. On the other hand, though have high variety of rocks but because of geological structure the exploitation of minerals easy

34. #34Full-length test
    Consider the following statements with reference to the concepts of Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) and Energy Storage obligation (ESO) related to the power sector in India: 1. Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) mandates power distribution companies to purchase a certain percentage of electricity from Renewable Energy sources. 2. The Energy Storage Obligation (ESO) requires energy buyers to buy a certain percentage of total electricity from solar and wind projects with power storage capacity.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2 E 1 1
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer l is correct. The Renewable Purchase is. a mechanism by which the obligated distribution utilities or discoms) are obliged a certain percentage of electricity from sources, as a percentage of the total consumption 2 is The Energy Storage Obligation a mechanism that requires energy buyers to consume percent of the total electricity from solar and with electrical power storage capacity. Last Ministry of Power released the energy storage that mandates procurement of l per cent solar and wind projects with storage capacity in 2024. Important Tips The Electricity Act, 2003 entrusted on the Regulatory Commissions the specific responsibility of promotion of renewable energy sources. Pursuant to the enactment of the Electricity Act 2003, the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) are required to fix a minimum percentage of the total consumption of electri

35. #35Full-length test
    Which one of the following statements is incorrect regarding National Commission for Women?
    • AIt was set up as statutory body under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990
    • BIt can investigate and examine all the matters related to the safeguards provided for the women under the Constitution
    • CIt has the power to choose its own members from different fields
    • DIt has the power to take Suo Moto notice of matters relating to deprivation of women's rights and non-implementation of the laws
    Answer: (C) It has the power to choose its own members from different fields
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Government of India is empowered. to give to the states with regard to the exercise of power in the following 1 and 2 are correct: (2) of India states that. the executive power Union shall extend to the giving of directions to as to the construction and maintenance of means declared in the direction to be of national 257 (3) of Constitution of India.states that power of the Union shall also extend to the directions to a State as to the measures to be taken for of the railways within the 3 is correct: Article 339 (2) of Constitution states that the executive power of the Union to the giving of directions to a State as to the and execution of schemes specified in the direction to for the welfare of the Scheduled Tribes in the State

36. #36Full-length test
    The Western Ghats traverse through how many states of India?
    • AOnly 3 states
    • BOnly 4 states
    • COnly 5 states
    • DOnly 6 states
    Answer: (D) Only 6 states
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct provides scientific evidence and risk for 10 chemicals or groups of major public health concern: Air pollution, Benzene, Cadmium, Dioxins and Inadequate or excess fluoride, Lead, Highly Hazardous 1 is correctly matched: Lead is a toxic metal use has caused extensive md health problems in many parts of It is commonly found in petrol, paint, plumbing 2 is correctly Mercury is toxic to It is released in the environment mainly activity, particularly. from coal-fired power heating systems, waste incinerators and as of mining for mercury, gold and other 3 is correctly matched: Exposures to take place through recycling of electronic waste, as well as through toys, jewellery containing 4 is correctly matched: Exposure to benzene can a result of the ubiquitous use of products, including motor fuels and and passive exposure to tobacco smoke is also source of exposure

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