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Oceanography — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 3

121 solved previous year questions on Oceanography, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #81Practice set
   Which of the following statements regarding the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is/ are correct? 1. It is responsible for keeping Western Europe relatively colder than other places at the same latitude. 2. It has shown signs of weakening due to accelerated melting of the Arctic Ocean.Select the correct option using the code given below
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (B) 2 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is circulation (THC) -i.e. movement of driven by differences in due to salinity in Atlantic Ocean and includes currents, with the warm Gulf Stream, North and the cold Southern Ocean current. AMOC surface waters from the tropics towards the Hemisphere, where it cools and sinks. It then returns to and then to the South Atlantic as a bottom there it is distributed to all ocean basins via circumpolar l is incorrect: AMOC is a part of the conveyor belt (THC) that works to distribute heat all over the globe. It is responsible for eastern coast of America in mid latitudes as well Europe - up to the highest latitudes, warmer free compared to other places in comparable does this with the help of the warm Gulf Stream and Atlantic Drift currents which carry warm from the Tropics to these higher 2 is correct: IPCC's Assessment Report

2. #82Practice set
   Which of the following are the major impacts of warming of Oceans? 1. Increased incidents of Coral Bleaching. 2. Loss of breeding grounds for mammals. 3. Sea level rise. 4. Deoxygenation of oceans. 5. Threat to food security.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1, 2, 3 and 5 only
   • B1, 3, 4 and 5 only
   • C1, 2, 3 and 4 only
   • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
   Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct of increased ocean ocean temperaturesaffect marine species Rising temperatures cause rise in coral bleaching and the loss of breeding grounds fishes and mammals. Marine fishes, seabirds mammals all face very high risks from including high levels of mortalities, loss grounds and mass movements as species favourable environmental conditions. Coral reefs affected by increasing temperatures which cause and increase their risk of mortality. l and option 2 are warming leads to deoxygenation - a reduction in of oxygen dissolved in the ocean - and - resulting from the thermal expansion of sea water ice melting. The rising temperatures, ocean acidification (the decrease in pH of the ocean GRAPHY to its uptake of C affect marine species and consequently, the fundamental benefits humans the option 3 and option 4 are ocean temperatures also affect the benefits from the ocean -

3. #83Practice set
   Consider the following statements with reference to coral reefs: 1. They are the counterpart to the tropical rain forest in terms of species diversity. 2. They exhibit different colors because of Zooxanthellae algae. 3. Malvan coral reef is located along Karnataka coast.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct l is correct. Coral reefs are the counterpart tropical rain forest in terms of species diversity productivity in the Ocean. They play a crucial supporting the flora and fauna in the marine ecosystem. They are also described as 'underwater tropical land under water, biologist's paradise, of resources, genetic garden, submerged treasure house of 2 is Zooxanth.ellae, the algae the corals, contain a pigment called chlorophyll the coral its green or brown color. Corals may color (like to blue, violet, red) to adapt to different and water 3 is incorrect. India's coral reef areas are Mannar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Gulf of Kutch and coral reef is located along the Konkan coast

4. #84Practice set
   Consider the following statements: 1. Coral reefs are mainly found between latitudes 30 degree North and South on mud free coastlines. 2. Increase of ammonia and nitrate in the water leads to coral bleaching.Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct l is correct.The distribution of coral reefs formations are controlled by environmental water temperature, purity of water, and salinity. reef-forming corals prefer sea temperatures between to salinity between 30 and 38 parts per clear water. Light is also important, and coral usually restricted to the upper 25 or 30 metres of the Because of these factors, coral reefs are between latitudes 300 N and S on mud free in western parts of Pacific, Indian and 2 is correct. An increase of ammonia and the water increases the process of eutrophication. eutrophication damage the corals and f Structure and Composition of Atmosphere

5. #85Practice set
   The thickness of the troposphere is greatest at the equator because of
   • AConvergence of northeast and the southeast trade winds near the equator
   • BEarth's axis making an angle of 66½ with the plane of its orbit
   • CHeat being transported to great heights by strong convectional currents
   • DBulging of the earth at equator as compare to poles
   Answer: (C) Heat being transported to great heights by strong convectional currents
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct troposphere is the lowermost layer of the average height is 13 km and extends roughly to a 8 km near the poles and about 18 km at the of the troposphere is greatest at the heat is transported to great heights by currents. Heat differential on the causes convection currents to flow from the the poles. This implies that the warmer the weather, is the troposphere is shallowest -- or narrowest -- at the deepest -- or thickest -- at the equator. At the and South Poles, the troposphere reaches only ( 4 miles) high, while at the equator, it 20 kilometers (12 miles) high

6. #86Practice set
   Consider the following statements regarding Land and Sea breezes: 1. These are seasonal rhythms caused by differential heating of land and sea. 2. Fishermen in the tropics often take advantage of the sea breeze to sail out.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct l is incorrect. Land and sea breezes are differential heating of land and sea. These are rhythms, while Monsoon is a seasonal 2 is incorrect. Land breeze blows out from sea. Fishermen in the tropics often take advantage land breeze and sail out with it. They return the with the in-coming sea breeze

7. #87Practice set
   Which of the following statements correctly describes the 'Storm Surge'?
   • AIt is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones or intense storms
   • BIt is a displacement of large volume of water caused by movements in Earth's Tectonic plates
   • CIt is an overflow of excessive water on dry 1 and caused by large storms
   • DNone of the statements (a), (or (is the correct description
   Answer: (A) It is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones or intense storms
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct storm surge is a rise in sea level that occurs cyclones, intense storms also known as hurricanes. The storm surge is a result of and Coriolis force that produces strong the water into shore, which can lead to makes storm surges very dangerous for coastal Haiyan in 2013 is one of the current examples of storm surge. Important Tips Tsunamis are giant waves that are produced when a large volume of water is displaced in an ocean or large lake by movements in Earth's outer layer, or crust like an earthquake, volcanic eruption, underwater landslide or meteorite. Flooding is the process where the water overflows or soaks land that is normally dry caused by large storm or tsunami that leans of the sea or river to rush inland

8. #88Practice set
   With reference to World Geography, what is Madden Julian Oscillation?
   • AIt is a warm ocean current, which occasionally replaces the normal cold Peru Current that moves north along the western coast of South America
   • BIt is an eastward moving pulse of cloud and rainfall near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days
   • CIt is a zone where air tends to ascend
   • DIt is the periodic change in pressure conditions in the Central Pacific and Australia
   Answer: (B) It is an eastward moving pulse of cloud and rainfall near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the in tropical weather on weekly to The MJO can be characterised as an 'pulse' of cloud and rainfall near the equator recurs every 30 to 60 days. The MJO consists of or phases. Strong MJO activity often dissects the halves. One half within the enhanced convective the other half in the suppressed convective phase. Important Tips El Nino: El Nino is a warm ocean current, which occasionally replaces the normal cold Peru Current that moves north along the western coast of South America. The surge of warm ocean waters recurs every three to five years and lasts from six to eighteen months. (Between El Nino there are often periods of cooling surface waters in the same area called La Nina). El Nino event is closely associated with the pressure changes in the Central Pacific and Australia. This change in pressure condition over pacific is

9. #89Practice set
   "Monsoon rainfall in Indian subcontinent is adversely impacted during 'El Nino Modoki' phase:' In this context, El Nino Modoki is associated with anomalous warming in which one of the following regions?
   • AEastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean
   • BWestern Indian Ocean
   • CCentral Tropical Pacific Ocean
   • DEastern Indian Ocean
   Answer: (C) Central Tropical Pacific Ocean
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Nino Modoki is associated with strong in the central tropical Pacific and cooling eastern and western tropical Pacific. During El event, warming is observed more in the with cooling on its both sides that is in the eastern Pacific Ocean

10. #90Practice set
    Match the following pai.rs with respect to the Cydones and the Oceans in whkh they originate:Cyclones Originate in 1. Cyclones Indian Ocean 2. Typhoons Atlantic Ocean 3. Hurricanes - Western Pacific OceanWhich of the above Pairs is/are correctly matched?
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1, 2 and 3
    • D1 and 3 only
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Cyclones in Different Region Tropical violent storms that originate over oceans in tropical move over to the coastal areas bringing about caused by violent winds, very heavy rainfall is one of the most devastating natural are known as Cyclones in the Indian Ocean, Hurricanes in the Atlantic, Typhoons in the Western Pacific and South China Sea, and Willy-willies in the Western system of giving names to tropical cyclones is a and in this naming several countries are is done under the negis of the World (WMO). GEO Important Tips Tropical cyclones originate and intensify over warm tropical oceans. The conditions favourable for the formation and intensificatlon of tropical storms are: (i) Large sea surface with temperature higher than (ii) Presence of the Coriolis force; ( ) Small variations in the vertical wind speed; (iv) A pre-existing weak low-pressure area or low

11. #91Practice set
    With reference to Rift Valleys, consider the following statements: 1. It is a lowland region that forms where the Earth's tectonic plates move apart. 2. Many of the Earth's rift valleys are found on the Ocean floors. 3. Narmada is the only river in India that flows through a rift valley.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct l is correct. A rift valley is a lowland region where Earth's tectonic plates move apart, or valleys differ from river valleys and glacial valleys they are created by tectonic activity and not the 2 is correct. Rift valleys are found both on at the bottom of the ocean, where they are created process of seafloor spreading. Many of Earth's valleys are found underwater, dividing long called mid-ocean ridges. EI 3 is incorrect. The Narmada and the Tapi rivers which flow through a rift valley. The also flows through a rift valley

12. #92Practice set
    Which of the following is the correct sequence of the mountain ranges of Himalayas when arranged from north to south?
    • AGreater Himalayas - Ladakh range - Zanskar range - Pir Panjal
    • BLadakh range - Zanskar range - Pir Panjal - Greater Himalayas
    • CLadakh range - Greater Himalayas - Zanskar range - Pir Panjal
    • DLadakh range - Zanskar range - Greater Himalayas - Pir Panjal
    Answer: (C) Ladakh range - Greater Himalayas - Zanskar range - Pir Panjal
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. The Labrador Current is a with low salinity, and reaches a maximum of around 2,000 feet. It is a surface oceanic current in Atlantic Ocean that originates at the Davis it begins as a continuation of the West and the Baffin Island Current. The current the coasts of Labrador, Newfoundland, and the of Nova Scotia in 2 is incorrect. The Kuroshio Current flows western Pacific from the east coast of Taiwan to Japan, and then beyond Hokkaido past Islands, where it merges with the North Pacific many ways, it is similar to the Gulf Stream in the which also carries warm tropical waters toward 3 is correct. The Humboldt Current is an that flows northwards along the western South America and into the Southeast Pacific Ocean. low salinity ocean current is also referred to as Current. The current is an eastern boundary flows towards the equator, extending miles 4

13. #93Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Bay of Bengal branch of summer season? 1. The Chotanagpur plateau gets its entire rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon winds. 2. The entire Bay of Bengal branch of summer season moves over India.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct I is incorrect. The Chotanagpur plateau cm rainfall from Arabian Sea branch. And the Bay moving from south-east and south enters and also brings rainfall over 2 is incorrect. The Bay of Bengal enter and Bangladesh from south-east and south. this branch splits into 2 under the influence of It's one branch moves westward along the reaching as far as the Punjab plains. The other up the Brahmaputra valley in the north and east

14. #94Practice set
    With reference to the impact of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on Indian climate, consider the following statements: 1. A positive IOD year is beneficial for monsoons over India despite the El Nino impact. 2. A negative IOD obstructs the progression of Indian monsoon leading to severe drought. 3. Positive IOD results in more cyclones than usual in Bay of Bengal.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Ocean Dipole (IOD) is an atmosphere-ocean in the Indian Ocean, characterised by in sea-surface temperatures. IOD is the the temperature of eastern (Bay of Bengal) western Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea). Indian upon not only El Nino La Nina but also IOD such ocean l is correct. During the Positive IOD, equatorial Indian Ocean off Sumatra in colder than normal while the western of the Indian Ocean near the African coast warm. Studies have shown that a positive sees more than normal rainfall over central India. It that a positive IOD index often negated of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), resulting Monsoon rains in several ENSO years. An IOD aggravate or weaken the impact of El Nino on If there is a positive IOD, it can bring good India despite an El Nino year. 2 is correct. During the negative IOD, the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in Indonesia warm while the western tro

15. #95Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Coral spedes/reefs: 1. Ocean acidification reduces the calcification rates in coral reefs. 2. Increase in exposure to UV-C radiation can accelerate growth in coral species. 3. Coral bleaching occurs when the corals expel zooxanthellae algae, which lives in the tissues of the coral.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct bleaching happens when corals lose the zooxanthellae from their tissues due to high sea temperatures and solar irradiation white calcium carbonate skeletons of the coral 1 is correct. Ocean acidification is the increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in the dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the been reducing calcification rates in reef-building organisms by changing chemical seawater through a decrease in pH. This can to coral 2 is incorrect. Short-term increases in exposure can cause bleaching in some and can also lead to slower growth. Slight UV radiation can debilitate the skeletal constitution reduce the fecundity of corals living in shallow Ozone layer filters out the dangerous UV-C would otherwise kill the corals as they cannot sunscreen to protect them from these type UV 3 is correct. Coral bleaching is when the an Algae known as zooxanthellae, which

16. #96Practice set
    Consider the following natural resource regions: 1. Troll field 2. Groningen 3. Hassi R'Mel The above regions are famous forwhich of the following natural resources? onnullla
    • ACoal
    • BManganese
    • CNatural Gas
    • DDiamond
    Answer: (C) Natural Gas
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Troll Fields - Troll is a natural gas and oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, one of the biggest in the North Sea, holding of Norway's gas. It also possesses significant quantities of oil. Groningen Gas field - It is a natural gas field in Groninge province in the northeastern part of the Netherlands. It is the largest natural gas field in Europe. This region of Groningen in the Netherland has a gas field that began operations in 1963. Hassi R'Mel - In North Africa, the central basin of Algeria is the location of the Hassi R'Mel gas and condensate field, discovered in 1956 in a large anticline. The Hassi R'Mel Natural gas field recovered of its total recoverable reserves, with peak production in 1999

17. #97Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Gas Hydrates: 1. Gas hydrates are crystalline solids consisting large amounts of methane. 2. India has large gas hydrate deposits off the Krishna-Godavari coast and in the Andaman seas.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Statement I is correct. Gas hydrates are a crystalline solid formed of water and gas. It looks and acts much like ice, but it contains huge amounts of methane. It is known to occur on every continent and exists in huge quantities in marine sediments in a layer several hundred meters thick directly below the sea floor and in association with permafrost in the Arctic. It is not stable at normal sea-level pressures and temperatures, which is the primary reason that it is a challenge to study. Statement 2 is correct. India has large gas hydrate deposits off the Krishna-Godavari coast and in the Andaman seas. A National Gas Hydrate Programme has been working on how to make use of these deposits for over a quarter century. Important Tips Directional Drilling Technique: A horizontal well is a type of directional drilling technique where an oil or gas well is dug

18. #98Practice set
    Which of the following is/are the main for the growth of fishing industry in Japan? 1. Shallow continental shelf along its coast. 2. Presence of Oyashio Kuroshio Ocean currents. 3. Around 80 of the land is not suitable for agriculture.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 n
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3 n
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct is an island nation with a population of 128 million, area of 377 801 km 2, a coastline of 29 751 km, and of approximately 4.05 million km 2, the sixth largest world and about twelve times larger than the 2 and 3 are combination of warm (Kuroshio) and cold flows along the coasts, creating one of the fishing grounds in the reasons for growth of fishing industry in Japan Japan has a large population which provides ready local market for Japanese have a long history of sea faring thus are highly experienced in ) The shallow continental shelf allows light to the sea bed for growth of micro-organisms which are food for Japan has developed unique marketing and distribution system of fish and fishery products to meet domestic demand and earn revenue from fisheries Japan is also not endowed with natural resources, for as much as of the land is not suitable for agriculture.

19. #99Practice set
    Which of the following is the primary reason for the growth of fishing industry in Japan?
    • AAvailability of fresh water due to heavy rainfall
    • BMild summer and winter climate
    • CThe Mixing of warm and cold ocean currents
    • DNarrow annual range of temperatures
    Answer: (C) The Mixing of warm and cold ocean currents
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct mixing of warm and cold currents near the coast help to replenish the oxygen and favour the planktons, the primary food for fish population. The current and the warm Kuroshio current meet coast of Japan. This region is ideal for fishing. The grounds of the world exist mainly in these Thus, mixing of cold and warm ocean currents fishing grounds in the world. Example: Grand Newfoundland, Canada

20. #100Practice set
    Consider the following tribes and the geographical regions where they are predominantly 1. Yanomami Brazil 2. Maori Ethiopia 3. Bindibu South Africa 4. Zulus Australia Ilow many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct: For centuries, the Yanomami a vast area of pristine forest and meandering the border between Brazil and Venezuela, living hunting and fruit 1 2 is incorrect: Maori people are the indigenous New Zealand, also known as Polynesian It is not clear to historians on their original land a well-known fact that the Maori people arrived in in the and currently make up of 3 is incorrect: The Bindibu were the native group Australia. They consisted of native peoples occupations like hunting, fishing and 4 is incorrect: Zulu people refer to themselves as of the heavens' and they are the largest ethnic South Africa

21. #101Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Technopolies: 1. It is a society with a concentration of technology-based businesses. 2. They have massive assembly structures, factories, and storage areas. 3. White Collar workers generally outnumber blue-collar workers in the technopolies.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct: Technopolies is a society with of technology-based businesses. There emphasis on technology. They are high-tech are regionally concentrated, self-sustained, and Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Forest near Seattle are examples of technopolies They industries that are regionally concentrated, self sustained, and highly specialized. Silicon Valley near and Silicon Forest near Seattle are examples 2 is incorrect: Neatly spaced, low, office-plant-lab buildings are the of the technopolies. Technopolies do massive assembly structures, factories, and as in traditional 3 is correct: In the technopolies, workers make up a large share of workforce. These highly skilled specialists the Blue-collar (actual production) workers

22. #102Practice set
    With reference to the bottom ocean topography of Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean, consider the following statements: 1. Ninety East Ridge is found in Pacific Ocean IUII EOGRA,PHY JI 2. New Caledonia reef system is located in North Pacific Ocean 3. Siberian shelf located in Arctic Ocean is the largest continental shelf on the earth 4. The Pacific Ocean does not have central or mid-oceanic ridges like Atlantic and Indian OceanWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1, 2 and 3 Only
    • B1, 2 and 4 Only
    • C2, 3 and 4 Only
    • D1, 3 and 4 Only
    Answer: (C) 2, 3 and 4 Only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is incorrect. Central Ridges or Mid in Indian Ocean which is known as Mid Indian extends from Southern tip of Indian Peninsula North to Arctica in the South almost in and forms a continuous chain of Indian ocean also includes a Ninety East extends from continental shelf of Irrawaddy and runs almost North-South direction parallel degree North longitude up to 40 degree South where with Amsterdam-St Paul 2 correct. The New Caledonia Barrier is located in the South Pacific is one of the in the world, covering a length of 930 miles. It is a more than 1000 different species-- some of which are which live within the 3 is correct. Pacific continental shelf of is represents the example of narrow shelf ( Atlantic continental shelf off the east coast of represents the example of medium size and extensive shelves having width of a kilometres are found off the coast of in Ar

23. #103Full-length test
    With reference to the Constituent Assembly, consider the following statements: 1. The seats allocated to each British province were to be divided among the Muslims, Sikhs and general in proportion to their population. 2. The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was attended by both Congress and Muslim league members 3. The first President of India was elected by the Constituent Assembly.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct o o k { Constituent Assembly was constituted in under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet 1 is correct: Seats allocated to each were to be divided among the three Sikhs and general (all and Sikhs), in proportion to their 2 is incorrect: The Constituent Assembly the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946 in Hall which is now known as the Central Hall Muslim League boycotted the meeting and insisted on state of 3 is correct: Constituent Assembly elected Prasad as the first President of India on 1950

24. #104Full-length test
    For improving local governance, the Constitution was amended to provide for the District Planning Committee. In th is context, consider the following aspects of the District Committee (DPC): 1. Constitution provides for the manner of election of the chairperson of DPC. 2. It is mandatory for every DPC to have a certain number of electedWhich of the statements given above is/ are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: According to Article (2) Legislature may make provisions with respect to- 1. of DPC; 2. The manner of election of members 3. The functions in relation to district 4. The manner of the election of the chairpersons of 2 is correct: The Constitution empowers to determine the composition and the filling of seats of the DPCs. However, it also 415th of the Members of DPCs shall be elected by, amongst, the elected members of the Panchayat i { } Important Tips Distrifa Com.fu'.ittee Aim: To the plans prepared by and municipalities and to prepare a draft development plan foith,t as a whole: manner of election, - are decided by the state legislature Four-fifths of the members of a DPC be elected among th ems elves by the elected members of the district panchayat and municipalities. Chairperson of DPC submits the the state government

25. #105Full-length test
    Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems composed of calcium carbonate structures that are built by coral polyp. Which of the following is not an environmental significance of the above Ecosystem?
    • AThey are referred to as the medicine chests of the sea for their medicinal properties
    • BThey serve as a natural barrier to protect coastlines from storms and erosion
    • CThey are excellent absorbers of oil thereby preventing the damaging effect of oil spills in oceans
    • DThey are a great source of fish and other protein-based seafood because of high biodiversity
    Answer: (C) They are excellent absorbers of oil thereby preventing the damaging effect of oil spills in oceans
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Statement a is correct: Coral reefs are often referred to as the medicine chests of the sea. A number of creatures found on reefs produce chemical compounds that have been isolated to treat human diseases. Soft corals, in particular, have been found to possess compounds that could be used to treat various types of cancers. Statement b is correct: Coral reefs serve as a natural barrier that helps protect coastlines from storms and erosion. They can also help reduce the impact of tsunamis and other natural c is incorrect: Exposing corals to small amounts of oil for an extended period can be just as harmful as large amounts of oil for a brief time. Statement d is correct: Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, supporting a vast array of plant and animal species. They are home to over of all marine life, despite covering just 0.1 of the

26. #106Full-length test
    Which of the following multilateral forums/ organizations have both India and Bangladesh as their members? 1. Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). 2. Group of 3. New Development Bank (NDB) { } 4., fodo 7 for Prosperity (IPEF) 5. Non-Alignment Movement (NAM)Choose the correct answer from the codes given below
    • A1 and 5 only
    • B1, 3 and 5 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2 and 4 only
    Answer: (B) 1, 3 and 5 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is correct: Both India and Bangladesh are of Indian Ocean Rim Association 2 is incorrect: India, but not Bangladesh, is of 3 is correct: New Development Bank (NDB) and sustainable development projects. and the Bangladesh are the members of 4 is incorrect: India is a member of Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) (but out on one of the pillars data and is not a member of this 5 is correct: At present non-Alignment Member States (both India and Bangladesh states), 17 Observer Countries and

27. #107Full-length test
    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Genome India Project?
    • AIt aims to build reference genome of Indian citizens
    • BIt is inspired by the Human genome project
    • CIt is conducted in India by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research along with the University of Oxford
    • DIt is India's first human genome mapping project
    Answer: (C) It is conducted in India by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research along with the University of Oxford
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct a is correct. The GIP aims to collect samples from citizens across India, to build b is correct. It is inspired by Human (1990-2003), an international programme for of the entire human c is incorrect. Ministry of Science has approved the Genome India It is a collaboration of 20 institutions including Institute of Science and some IITs, will enable in medicine, agriculture and the life d is correct. It is India's first human project, a move that will help researchers get developing effective therapies for treating diseases cancer

28. #108Full-length test
    Consider the following statements: 1. The rate of decrease of temperature of oceans with depths is lower at the equator than at the poles. 2. The winds blowing from the land towards the ocean helps in upwelling of cold water at coast. 3. The enclosed seas in the high latitudes record relatively higher temperature than the open seas.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. The rate of decrease of depths is greater at the equator than at the the surface temperature of the seas equator towards the poles but the temperature at bottoms is uniform from the equator towards which means that the rate of decrease of increasing depth is more rapid near the equator the 2 is correct. The winds blowing from the the oceans drive warm surface water away from resulting in the upwelling of cold water from 3 is incorrect. The enclosed seas in the record relatively higher temperature than seas. Whereas the enclosed seas in the high lower temperature than the open seas. Important Tips Other Factors affecting temperature Distibution in the oceans/seas Salinity: Boiling point of the sea water increases with the salinity levels and vice versa. Submarine ridges and sills: Temperature is affected due to lesser mixing of waters on the opposit

29. #109Full-length test
    Which of the following are the correct applications of tides? 1. It can be used as a source of energy generation. 2. It is helpful in desilting of river estuaries. 3. The high tides help the fishermen by bringing more fish closer to shore. 4. The high tides help the ships to arrive at harbors by raising the water levels.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C1, 2 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct are observed in large water bodies like seas and a natural phenomenon in which a rise and fall in takes place on a regular basis. Tides play an in various aspects of human life as well as in the of plants and 1 is correct: The most important use of modern human civilization is for generating power Tidal energy is a form of renewable energy the power of tides to generate electricity. plants use turbines to capture the energy of the they flow in and out, which can then be used to 2 is correct: Tides play an important role mitigation of pollution in water. Tidal waves help the accumulation of silt and sediments in It also contributes to the removal of from river estuaries. Tidal waves carry nutrients to that help in the survival and growth of marine 3 is correct: The b.igh tides also help in more fish come closer to the shore during the This enables fishermen to get

30. #110Full-length test
    Which of the following countries are part of "Coral Triangle", a geographic region home to over 600 species of reef-building corals? 1. Papua New Guinea 2. Australia 3. Philippines 4. Solomon Islands 5. VietnamSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1, 2 and 5 only
    • B2, 3 and 4 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • D3, 4 and 5 only
    Answer: (C) 1, 3 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Coral Triangle is a geographic region in the Ocean. It is named for its high levels of in terms of coral species, and is often referred the ''Amazon of the Seas." It spreads across the 6 of - Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Timor Coral Triangle is home to over 600 species of reef building corals, which is more than of all known in the world. It is also home to thousands of fish, mollusks, and other marine organisms, making it the most diverse marine ecosystems on the planet

31. #111Full-length test
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Plastics and Pollution caused by plastics:L The Basel Convention aims to regulate the disposal of hazardous and other waste. 2. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) defines microplastics as plastic particles smaller than 5 millimetres. 3. Persistent organic pollutants can cause a rise in the distribution of algae linked to red tides.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Under Basel Convention plastics as hazaradous waste. Plastics exposed to sea to concentrate toxic and non-toxic organic in the sea water at low concentrations. PCBs, DDT, and nonylphenols, have very coefficients and are very efficiently the plastic 2 is correct: The United Nations (UNEP) defines microplastics as plastic than 5 millimetre. Microplastics are in primary sources such as personal care products products; or secondary sources that are formed of plastic over a period of 3 is correct: It was estimated that of plastics is approximately has been found to transport persistent also known as POPs. These pollutants have to an increased distribution of algae associated tides

32. #112Full-length test
    With reference to the phenomena of Ocean Waves, consider the following statements: 1. Water moves from one place to another through waves. 2. Steep waves are young while slow and steady waves originate from faraway places in oceans { } 3. The maximum wave height is determined by the strength of the wind. 4. Wave breaks when the depth of water is less than half the wavelength of the wave.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct I is incorrect. Water in the waves does but the wave trains move ahead. Waves are energy, not the water as such, which moves across surface. Water particles only travel in a small a wave passes. Energy for surface water is provided by is through the ocean currents that the water moves one place to 2 is correct. A wave size and shape reveal Steep waves are fairly young ones and by local wind. Slow and steady waves faraway places, possibly in another 3 is correct. Most of the waves are caused by driving against water. The maximum wave height by the strength of the wind, i.e., how long and the area over which it blows in a single travel wind pushes the water body in while gravity pulls the crests of the waves falling water pushes the former troughs upward, and moves to a new 4 is correct. As a wave approaches the beach, down. This is due to the friction occurring dyn

33. #113Full-length test
    Consider the following pairs about important seas and their basin countries: 1. North Sea Russia 2. Bering Sea Norway 3. Red Sea Eritrea 4. Caspian Sea IraqHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer. Red Sea Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen Caspian Sea Armenia, Azerbaizan, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Bering Sea Russia, United States of America North Sea UK, Norway, Germany, Denmark, Netherland, Begium, luxemborg, France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria

34. #114Full-length test
    In the context of adverse effects of Dichloro- Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT) and measures adopted to mitigate it, consider the following statements: 1. It adversely affects the reproductive health of both humans and animals. 2. The Montreal Protocol mentions DDT as an Ozone depleting substances which severely depletes ozone layer in Stratosphere. 3. It adversely affects raptor population owing to its Biomagnification properties. 4. The production and use of DDT for any purpose is strictly banned in India.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) was the first of the modern synthetic insecticides in the was initially used with great effect to combat and the other insect-borne human diseases military and civilian populations. However, in various research and evidence raised concern about of DDT on environmental and human 1 is correct: is an Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of altering hormonal and homeostatic systems organism including humans, animals and organism such as 2 is incorrect: Ozone depleting substances gases that destroy ozone once they reach layer. Ozone substances contain chloride atoms. protocol does not mention DDT as an 3 is correct: It is true that DDT the raptor population. Raptors are birds that feed fish etc. Owing to the biomagnification property the level of DDT tends to increase as it moves to of food chains. Thus, raptors such as Eagle or haw

35. #115Full-length test
    In the context of India's international relations which of the following statements best describes the Shangri-La dialogue?
    • AIt is an inter-governmental security forum held annually by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
    • BIt is an annual event to discuss politico security, economic and socio-cultural engagement between India and ASEAN countries
    • CIt is an inter-governmental forum on global economic stability held annually by the International Monetary Fund
    • DIt is a conference on geopolitics and geo economics organized by the Observer Research Foundation (ORF)
    Answer: (A) It is an inter-governmental security forum held annually by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct a is correct: The Shangri-La Dialogue is defence summit. It's a unique meeting debate the region's most pressing engage in important bilateral talks up with fresh approaches together. It is an intergovernmental security forum held annually since 2002 International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). officially known as the Asia Security Summit and held annually except for 2020 and b is incorrect: Delhi Dialogue is an annual Track IJ.Fo { forum for discussing politico-security, economic issues between ASEAN and c is incorrect: Shangri-La dialogue is not an intergovernmental forum global on economic stability by the International Monetary d is incorrect: The Raisina Dialogue is conference on geopolitics and to addressing the most challenging issues global community. The conference is hosted by Research Foundation in partnership with of External Affairs, Governme

36. #116Full-length test
    Consider the following statements regarding Phytoplankton: 1. Their population increases with the depth in the ocean water. 2. Their total biomass is greater than the total plants on land. 3. They are found in marine as well as freshwater environments.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 1 is Phytoplankton are limited uppermost layers of the ocean where light intensity is sufficient for photosynthesis to take place. The hotosynthetic rate varies with light intensity. These micro are present throughout the lighted regions of all the seas and oceans including the Polar Regions. Statement 2 is correct. Their total biomass is many times greater than that of the total plants on land and they serve as the "pasture grounds" in the aquatic environment. Statement 3 is correct. Phytoplankton are microscopic plant organisms that live in aquatic environments, both salty and fresh. Phytoplankton produce more than of oxygen produced from all plants. All phytoplankton photosynthesize, but some get additional energy by consuming other organisms. Important Tips Significance of Phytoplankton: They contribute more than half of the oxygen in the environment. They redu

37. #117Full-length test
    Which of the following statements regarding 'Sreni' of ancient India is not correct?
    • AIt was like a guild of craftsmen and traders
    • BThey had their own laws and customs
    • CThey were solely concerned with harmonising production of goods and making trade efficient
    • DThey had their own seals, insignia and currency
    Answer: (D) They had their own seals, insignia and currency
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Shakas are referred to also as Scythians. In the the sources sometimes mention the Scythians arid together as Shaka-Pahlawa. The Shakas India through the Bolan Pass and may have first lower Indus region. There are coins and other with different branches of the a is correct: The first Shaka King in India or Moga who established Saka power in b is correct: The Sakas along with the the Satrap system of government which to that of the Achaemenid and Seleucid Iran. Under this system the kingdom was provinces each under a military governor called (great Satrap). Governors with lower called Kshatrapas (Satraps). These governors own inscriptions and minted their own coins. This of a more independent status than was in an administrative c is correct: Rudradaman I, one of the Kings, issued first ever rock inscription in Gimar (Junagarh). All the earlier longer inscriptions

38. #118Full-length test
    Which of the following are the major impacts of ocean warming? 1. Increased incidents of Coral Bleaching. 2. Loss of breeding grounds for mammals. 3. Sea level rise. 4. Deoxygenation of oceans. 5. Threat to food security.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2, 3 and 5 only
    • B1, 3, 4 and 5 only
    • C1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct warming is related to rise in ocean temperatures. absorbs vast quantities of heat as a result of increased of greenhouse gases in the from fossil fuel consumption. This is causing to of increased ocean warming

39. #119Full-length test
    Which of the following statements regarding the Muon particles is correct?
    • AThey have a charge equal to that on a neutron
    • BThey do not have any mass and weight
    • CThey are a highly ionising particle that damages objects and tissues
    • DThey are created by collision of cosmic rays and earth's atmospheric particles
    Answer: (C) They are a highly ionising particle that damages objects and tissues
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer Micro plastics are tiny plastic particles less than long that result from both commercial and the breakdown of larger 1 is incorrect: There is no evidence to micro plastics can permanently reside in a Although, researches have shown that they can death and allergic reactions in humans. However, health impact to the human body is uncertain is not known how long micro plastics remain in the being excreted. So, it may permanently reside in body but it cannot be said for sure which makes 2 is correct: A recent study found that can latch on to the outer membranes of red and may limit their ability to transport 3 is correct: Micro plastics can act as thus interfering with normal and potentially causing weight gain. Micro also thought to act as vectors for microorganisms Solution: Option c is the correct a is incorrect - Elections alone does not government. Someti

40. #120Full-length test
    With reference to the Sea wealth of India, consider the following statements: 1. All minerals found within the territorial waters' vests with the respective states. 2. India's territorial waters extend to a distance of 12 nautical miles from the base line. 3. At present, the limits of territorial waters and the continental shelf are determined by the Parliament of India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 1 is incorrect: All lands, minerals and of value under the waters of the ocean within waters of India, the continental shelf of the exclusive economic zone of India vests in the a state the ocean cannot claim these 2 is correct: India's territorial waters extend distance of 12 nautical miles from the appropriate Similarly, India's exclusive economic zone extends up nautical miles 3 is correct: Under article 297 of the has rights the resources of the zone and is entitled to exercise jurisdiction of certain other matters. At present, the Jimits waters and the contin.eµtal shelf are Proclamation issued by the Parliament of India. proposed that the limits of th.e territorial shelf, the exclusive economic zone and zones of India shall be as specified from time by or under law made by Parliament

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