UPSC Prelims PYQ › Geography › Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation

Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 2

111 solved previous year questions on Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation, papers from 1996 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41Practice set
   With reference to Amazon rainforests consider the following statements: 1. They are also known as lungs of the planet. 2. It is the home of tribes like the Crow, Cree and Powncc, 3. They are characterized by hot and wet climate throughout the year.How many of the auove statements arc correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone ti
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Amazon rainforests covers area and is home for large number of flora and thus it is known as lungs of planet 2 is incorrect. The Prairies (not Amazon) of tribes like the Apache, the Crow, the Cree Pawnee. Kawahiva, Korubo, Piripkura are some of Amazon 3 is correct. Amazon Basin stretches directly equator and is characterized by hot and wet the year. Both day and nights are almost and humid and it usually rains almost every day

2. #42Practice set
   Consider the following statements regarding Littoral and Swamp forests:l. These forests can survive only in brackish water. 2. These forests provide hard and durable timber. 3. These forests are confined only to the Sundarbans delta.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone um
   Answer: (A) Only one
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct l is incorrect - The Littoral and Swamp survive and grow both in fresh as well as Brackish water is a mixture of seawater and and its salinity can range from 0.5 to 35 2 is correct - The Littoral and Swamp hard and durable timber which is used and building purposes as well as for 3 is incorrect - Littoral and swamp forests and around the deltas, estuaries and creeks prone to They occur in the deltas of the Ganga, the Godavari, the Krishna and the in the Ganga delta is the most of such types of forests

3. #43Practice set
   Which of the following statements explains for the British climate region being a net importer of food crops? 1. The regions are highly inclustrialized with high standard of living. 2. This area has a very high population density.Select the correct code from the options given below
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 aud 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (C) Both 1 aud 2
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Europe has little surplus for export. It is, in net importer of food crops, especially wheat. A large cereals, fruits and root crops are raised, mainly for rather than for l is correct. The north-western are highly industrialized with high standard The countries are concerned in the production chemicals, textiles and other rather than 2 is correct. All the north-western have high population densities. This leaves for extensive agricultural activities

4. #44Practice set
   In which one of the is extensive conuuerdal grain Hivalion practiced? 1. American Canadian prairies 2. European Steppes 3. Pampas of Argentina 4. Amazon Basin GEOGSelect the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 3 only
   • B2 and 4 only
   • C1, 2 and 4 only
   • D1, 2 and 3 only
   Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3 only
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Basin is the largest tropical forest in the agriculture is not practiced here. Mostly shifting cultivation Grain Farming is an extensive whereby crops are grown for commercial commonly commercial grown grains are wheat is mostly practiced in temperate grasslands of Europe and grain farming of are four major areas in the world known farming of wheat. These are US and Eurasian Steppes; Argentine Pampas and Downs 1 is correct. American Canadian prairies semi-arid climates with an annual precipitation of 12 inches which is suitable for commercial grain 2 is correct. European steppes are the steppe and experience semi-arid climate which for commercial grain 3 is correct. Pampas of Argentina is also Wheat is Argentina's largest crop in harvested Important Tips Key Characteristics of commerical grain farming - The regions under Commercial grain farming are away from coas

5. #45Practice set
   Which one of the following is the most common form of vegetation in the steppe type of climate? 1. Trees with broad trunks with less canopy are present 2. Shrubs and cacti are the dominant vegetation.s 3. Grasses are short and general absence of trees. 4. Coniferous trees are predominant trees.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B3 and 4 only
   • C3 only
   • D1, 2, 3 and 4
   Answer: (C) 3 only
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct steppes are areas with a semiarid regime. Winters are cold and dry, summers hot. The vegetation is steppe, sometimes called shortgrass and semidesert. Typical steppe vegetation numerous species of short grasses that usually grow distributed bunches. Scattered shrubs and sometimes grow in the steppe; all gradations of present, from semidesert to woodland. Because is generally sparse, much soii is exposed. Many grasses and other herbs steppe type of climate, Trees are almost nil and short. Trees with broad trunks with less canopy in Tropical grasslands. Though Coniferous present due to increase in precipitation when but is not the dominant vegetation. But when is above 20 inches as described in prairies of grasses are tall, fresh and nutritious. But rainfall is less than 20 inches, grasses are short, sparse. The steppe grasses can lie dormant prolonged drought

6. #46Practice set
   Consider the following statements: 1. Ladang are short grasses found in semiarid climate zones 2. Lalang are tall grasses in equatorial regions 3. Belukar is secondary forests in MalaysiaWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B1 and 2 only
   • C3 only
   • D2 and 3 only
   Answer: (D) 2 and 3 only
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect. The 'slash and burn' known as 'Ladang' in Indonesia, 'Milpa' in Mexico America, 'Conuco' in Venzuela, 'Roca' in in Central Africa, 'Ray' in 2 is correct. Lalang (tall grass) and spring up as soon as the trees are cut regions. They choke the restoration of 3 is correct. Belukar are the less forests that spring up in Malaysia when rain forests are cleared either for lumbering cultivation. These are characterized by short very dense undergrowth. In the coastal areas swamps, mangrove forests thrive

7. #47Practice set
   Which of the following is Lakshadweep islands?
   • AEntire group of islands is built of coral deposits
   • BEleven -degree channel separates Minicoy from the main Lakshadweep archipelago
   • CLakshadweep has zero percent of forest area
   • DIt is located north of Maldives and Cha gos group of Islands
   Answer: (B) Eleven -degree channel separates Minicoy from the main Lakshadweep archipelago
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct answer a is correct - Entire group consists of tiny islands origin (coral depositions on atolls) and are fringing bis incorrect. Nine-degree channel (and not separates Minicoy from the main c is correct - The forest area is the area notified as the forest land irrespective of the existence while the actual forest cover is the area occupied with canopy. The former is based on the records State Revenue Department, while the latter is based photographs and satellite imageries. The forest Lakshadweep Islands is (according to the while the forest area is d is correct - Lakshadweep islands is located Maldives and Chagos group of Islands

8. #48Practice set
   Which one of the following is the behind the near absence of vegetation or snow in the Mountain pass that connects Leh in India with in China?
   • ALack offertile soil
   • BHigh speed winds
   • CMilitarization of the zone
   • DBarrier of mountain in the valley
   Answer: (B) High speed winds
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Pass is a mountain pass between India and the Karakoram Range. The mountain pass is located boundary between the Indian Union Territory of GRAPHY and the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China, and with altitude of the pass and the lack of fodder for the deaths of countless pack animals route was notorious for the trail of bones strewn way. There is an almost total absence of vegetation on to the pass has no vegetation nor snow because of the high speed wind, which constantly blows in the region. is also non-existent in the area. However, low and blizzards are common

9. #49Practice set
   In India, Tropical Wet Evergreen forests are predominantly found in which of the following regions? 1. Western slopes of Western Ghats 2. Purvanchal Hills 3. Northwestern Rajasthan. 4. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.Select the correct answer from the code given below
   • A1, 2, 3 and 4
   • B1, 2 and 4 only
   • C3 and 4 only
   • D1 and 2 only
   Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 4 only
   Explanation

   option b is the correct tropical evergreen forests usually occur in areas than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 30 degrees 1, 2 and 4 are correct: The Tropical Wet are found along the western side of the (500 to 1370 metres above sea level), some regions Purvanchal hills running from Northeast to and in the Andaman and Nicobar 3 incorrect: Tropical thorn forests are found in semi-arid regions of western Rajasthan. These western Indo -Park border and gradually merge dry deciduous mixed forests of the Aravalli hills and plateau

10. #50Practice set
    Which of the following is/are component of the forest policy of Government of India? 1. Bringing of the geographical areas under forest or tree cover. 2. Reduction of floods droughts. 3. Creating a peoples movement involving women to encourage planting of trees. 4. Creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by the year 2030.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 3 and 4 only
    • B1, 2 and 3 only
    • C2, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1, 2 and 3 are forest policy aimed at: bringing 33 of the geographical areas under forest and tree cover checks soil erosion, extension of the desert lands and reduction of floods and droughts increasing the forest cover through social forestry and afforestation 011 degraded land GEOG creating of a massive peoples movement involving women to encourage planting of trees, stop felling of trees and thus, reduce pressure on the existing 4 is incorrect. It is part of India's INDC Determined Contribution) promised at (COP 21) in UNFCCC and is not in forest policy

11. #51Practice set
    Consider the following statements about a forest vegetation in India: These forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Forests are well stratified covered with shrubs and creepers. These forests contain several tree species of great commercial significance e.g. Indian rosewood Malabar Kina, teak and Indian laurel. Which type of vegetation has been described above?
    • ATropical thorn forests
    • BMontane forests
    • CMoist deciduous forests
    • DTropical evergreen forests
    Answer: (D) Tropical evergreen forests
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct evergreen forests are found in warm and with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and temperature above 22 degrees Celsius. forests are well stratified, with layers closer ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, structured trees followed by tall variety of trees. found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, the north-eastern region and the Andaman and

12. #52Practice set
    With reference to the tropical deciduous forest, consider the following statements: 1. They are called monsoon forests. 2. The moist deciduous forests are found largely in the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct. Tropical deciduous forests are widespread forests in India. They are also called forests, spread over regions which receive 70-200 2 is incorrect. The moist deciduous found in the north-eastern states along the Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats Dry deciduous forest covers vast areas of the found in rainier areas of the Peninsula and the plains Pradesh and Bihar

13. #53Practice set
    These forests provide commercially viable wood like Teak. They are marked by high degree of gregariousness. Amla and sandalwood are also found in these. Which forests are we talking about?
    • AMoist deciduous forests
    • BSemi evergreen forests
    • CMontane forests
    • DEvergreen forests
    Answer: (A) Moist deciduous forests
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Moist deciduous forests are found in the record rainfall between 100-200 cm. These found in the north-eastern states along the foothills eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and sal, shisham, hurra, mahua, amla, semul, kusum, etc. are the main species of these forests. commercially more exploitable as they are consisting of pure strands

14. #54Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. The mountain forests in India are only found in Himalayan ranges and in the hilly areas of West Bengal and Uttaranchal. 2. Tropical thorn forests are found in semiarid areas of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. 3. Littoral forests can survive both in fresh as well as brackish water.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is incorrect. The mountain forests are just in Himalayan region but also in south. mountain forests are found in three distinct Peninsular India viz; the Western Ghats, the the Nilgiris. The temperate forests are called Sholas Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills. Such forests are in the Satpura and the Maikal 2 is correct. Tropical thorn forests occur in which receive rainfall less than 50 cm. It areas of south west Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Statement 3 is correct. Littoral and swamp forests and grow both in fresh as well as brackish occur in and around the deltas, estuaries and to tidal influences (delta or tidal forests)

15. #55Practice set
    Consider the following states 1. Arunachal Pradesh 2. Himachal Pradesh 3. Mizoram Inwhich of the above states do 'Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests' occur?
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l and 3 are correct: Tropical Wet Evergreen found in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, West Bengal and Andaman and and on the eastern and western slopes of the in such states as Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala They are also found in southern and of Mizoram, while semi-evergreen forests occur in north-western and central 2 is incorrect: The vegetation in Himachal from dry scrub forests at lower altitudes to at higher altitudes. In between these two vegetation zones of Mixed Deciduous Chir Pine, Oak, Deodar, Kail, Fir and Spruce

16. #56Practice set
    This is a unique forest found only in the narrow coastal strip of Southern India. Most of the rainfall in these types of forests occurs in winters. Mean annual temperature is about The growth of evergreen forests in areas of such low rainfall arouses botanical interest. Bamboos are rare and grasses not conspicuous. The important species are jamun, tamarind, neem, etc. Most of the land under these forests has been cleared for agricultm.-e. The type of forest described above is
    • ATropical Wet Evergreen
    • BTropical Semi- Evergreen
    • CTropical Dry Evergreen
    • DSub-tropical Dry Evergreen
    Answer: (C) Tropical Dry Evergreen
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Dry Evergreen is a unique forest found only in coastal strip of Tamil Nadu and Andhra of the rainfall in these types of forests occurs due to North-East monsoon winds in October Mean annual temperature is about of evergreen forests in areas of such low botanical interest. Bamboos are rare and grasses The important species are jamun, etc. Most of the land under these forests has for agriculture or casuarina plantations conifer in general appearance)

17. #57Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Himalayan Mountain Forests: 1. The vegetation in the Himalayan regions changes with changes in altitude. 2. The northern slopes of the Himalayas carry a thicker vegetation cover than the south-facing slopes. 3. The forests are dominated by coniferous species. 4. There is a complete absence of temperate grasslands.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct - The Himalayan ranges show of vegetation from the tropical to the changes with altitude Statement 2 is incorrect - The southern slopes of carry a thicker vegetation cover because higher precipitation than the drier 3 is correct - Moist Temperate type Forests found in Himalayan forests. The forests composed of coniferous 4 is incorrect - At many places in this grasslands are also found. But in the there is a transition to Alpine forests and pastures

18. #58Practice set
    Consider the following statement regarding Bamboo: 1. It is found only in peninsular regions in India. 2. Bamboos grovvn in private land also require felling permission from the state forest department. 3. It is also known by the name Green Gold.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is incorrect - Bamboo is found in India and is not restricted to 2 is incorrect - Initially Bamboo was a tree under the Indian Forest Act, 1927. However, Section of Indian Forest Act, 1927 in is no longer a tree in non-forest areas and too is not timber. So, any bamboo grown in homestead land by millions of farmers does not permission or transit permission from any 3 is correct - Bamboo is also known as or poor man's timber

19. #59Practice set
    With reference to the Khejri Tree, consider the following statements: 1. It covers about two-thirds of the total geographical area of Rajasthan. 2. The fruit of this tree is used to make the very popular local dish 'Sangri'. 3. The tree has inspired the Chipko Movement. 4. It is the state tree of Rajasthan.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (D) All four
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct is an important tree of dry lands. Khejri tree vital role in maintaining the ecosystem of the region because of its ability to survive in such Apart from being a source of firewood the Khejri also helps in sustaining the nutrient the soil and ensuring a good l is correct. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) two-thirds of the total geographical area of and is of immense significance culturally 2 is correct. The fruit is used to make the local dish 'Sangri.' and can fetch up to Rs 300 for the farmers. "Khejri bark is used medicinally for of ailments and can be ground up and made into famously, saved thousands of lives during the Famine of 1868. The flowers make an 3 is correct. In 1730 AD, around 363 their lives in an attempt to save the trees by while the then king's men chopped their bodies The trees which they were protecting were In this sacrifice became the inspiration

20. #60Practice set
    Which of the following is/are the features of wet tropical evergreen vegetation? 1. Dense Forest with thick spread of grass. 2. Low vegetal species per unit area. 3. Found in north-eastern hills in India. 4. Plants found are Mahogony, Cinchona and Bamboos.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 4 only
    • B3 and 4 only
    • C1, 2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (B) 3 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Wet Tropical Evergreen Vegetation is found in very high annual rainfall exceeding 300 cm with a dry season. Southern parts of Western Ghats of Karnataka are very wet. It resembles the of the Wet Tropical Evergreen Though these forests are dense and have lofty evergreen trees, often as high as 60 metres and above, grass is almost absent. Undergrowth is very dense and The wood of these trees is very hard and heavy to work The number of vegetal species per unit area is too large to exploit them commercially. Mahogony, cinchona, bamboos and palms are typical species of plants found in these North-eastern Hills are known for this type of vegetation. This type of vegetal cover has been badly depleted due to over cutting of trees

21. #61Practice set
    Consider the following pairs:Forest type Region 1. Swamp Forest Grows along the coast. 2. Alpine Forest Himalayan mountain region. 3. Tropical thorn Semi-arid regions of forest IndiaHow many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the wnect 1 is correct. Swamp forest grows along the in the river deltas. These plants are able to a mix of saline and freshwater. Sundri species in these forests which provide hard and 2 is correct. Alpine Forests grow in the region, where the temperatures are low. have tall stately trees with needlelike leaves sloping branches so that the snow can slip off Fir, Spruce and plum are flora that can be found 3 is correct. Thorn Forests are found in the of India. The trees, which are sparsely surrounded by open grassy areas. Famous flora Acacias, khair, palas, khejra and babul

22. #62Practice set
    With reference to Tropical Evergreen Forests, consider the following statements: 1. These are spread in the areas with rainfall between 100 to 200 cm annually. 2. These forests are found in the rainier parts of the Peninsular plateau of India. 3. The Cinchona, Indian laurel and Mesua Ferra are few commercially important trees found in this vegetation.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct natural vegetation of an area is determined by and soil factors. It is based on factors rainfall and topographic conditions it with diversification. l is incorrect. The Tropical Evergreen found in the areas having more than 200 cm of a short dry season. While the Tropical Moist are found in areas of rainfall between 100 to 200 2 is incorrect. The Tropical Evergreen India are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman upper parts of Assam and Tamil Nadu coast. rainier parts of the Peninsular plateau of India have Dry Deciduous 3 is correct. The Tropical Evergreen of several species of commercially important comprises Rosewood, ebony, mahogany, rubber, bamboo, and Cinchona (the bark of the tree and is useful for treatment of malaria), Indian for marine construction and piling, boat construction etc.) and Mesua Fera (a pla

23. #63Practice set
    Consider the following pairs Regions and Vegetation found there:Regions Vegetation 1. Malaysia Equatorial Rainforests 2. Chile Mediterranean evergreen forests 3. Sahara Africa Xerophytic or drought resistant VegetationHow many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correctly matched. Malaysia along with the Amazon, the Congo, and the East Indies 'Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate' or 'Equatorial Equatorial Rainforests, Equatorial Tropical Moist Broadleaf Forest are found 2 is correctly matched. Mediterranean climate confined to the western portion of between and north and south of the best developed form of this climatic type is found Chile. It is characterised by the forests, Evergreen coniferous trees and shrubs. Conditions in the Mediterranean do not because most of the rain comes in the cool growth is 3 is correctly matched. Sharan Africa is a The predominant vegetation is xerophytic or scrub. This includes the bulbous, cacti, long rooted wiry grasses and scattered dwarf forests are not present in such conditions

24. #64Practice set
    to Shola Forest in India, consider the following statements:l. They are temperate forest with evergreen ecosystem. 2. They are usually separated from one another by undulating montane grassland. 3. One of the important functions of shola forest is conservation of water in its region.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. Shola forest are temperate an evergreen ecosystem found at the It is distributed in Nilgiris and Palani hills of Kerala and 2 is correct. Sholas are found at sites slope converges. These are separated by with stunted evergreen woods and confined valleys, gleeves, hallows and 3 is correct. The main role of shola forest of water in that region. It needs well and avoids swampy soils. These forests are in valleys with sufficient moisture and at an altitude of more than 1,500 metres

25. #65Practice set
    These are the most widespread forests of India. They are also called the monsoon forests and spread over the rainfall between 70 cm and 200 cm. These forests exist, mostly in the eastern part of the country - northeastern states, along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Odisha and and on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. Teak is the most dominant spedes of this forest. Bamboos, Sal, Shisham, Sandalwood, Khair, Kusum, and mulberry are other commerdally important spedes. Which type of forest the above paragraph refers to?
    • ATropical Deciduous Forests
    • BMontane Forests
    • CTropical Evergreen Forests
    • DLittoral/Swamp Forests fllt Practkebook
    Answer: (A) Tropical Deciduous Forests
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Deciduous Forests are the most widespread India. They are also called the monsoon forests and the region receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 70 Trees of this forest type shed their leaves for about six weeks in dry summer. On the basis of the water, these forests are further divided into moist and The former is found in areas receiving 200 and 100 cm. These forests exist, in the eastern part of the country - along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh, and on the eastern slopes of Ghats. Teak is the most dominant species of Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, and mulberry are other commercially

26. #66Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to Bamboo grown in India: 1. India is the world's second largest cultivator of bamboo after China. 2. Bamboo grown outside forest areas has been excluded from the definition of tree by amendment to the Forest conservation Act, 1980. 3. Bamboo can be grown through vegetative propagation only. 4. More than 15 Degrees Celsius temperature can kill the Bamboo plant. 5. A fully-grown Bheema bamboo tree can generate over hundreds of kilograms of oxygen annually.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly Four
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll five
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct is part of rural livelihood in many in developing counties like India. Due to nature and multiple uses, it is also called it grows tall like a tree, it belongs to the It can withstand drought as well as flood. The States are a storehouse of bamboo diversity, home than 50 bamboo 1 is correct. India is the world's second of bamboo after China. Around 80 per cent forests lie in Asia with India, China and 19.8 million hectares of bamboo. 2 is incorrect. To facilitate the benefit flow farmers, bamboo outside forest areas has been the definition of tree by amending Section 2 (7) of Forest Act, 1927 (not the Forest Conservation by the Central government in November Indian Forest Act, 1927 defined bamboo as a "tree". end of 2017, gruwn outside forests was subject rules of felling and 3 is incorrect. Bamboo is mainly grown propagation in most parts of the world. is also gr

27. #67Practice set
    With reference to Black Soils of India, consider the following statements 1. Black soils are mostly found in the peninsular plateau of India. 2. Black soils are rich in lime but lack phosphorus and organic matter. 3. Black soils are generally clayey and impermeable. 4. Black soils are not at all suitable for cultivation during dry season.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct: Black soils are derivatives of trap are spread mostly across interior Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh on the Deccan lava the Malwa Plateau, where there is both moderate underlying basaltic rock. Thus, they are mostly found Peninsular Plateau of 2 is correct: Black soil covers most of the which includes parts of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and some parts of Chemically, the black soils are rich in lime, and alumina. They also contain potash. But phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter. The color soil ranges from deep black to 3 is correct and 4 is incorrect. The black generally clayey, deep They swell and become sticky when wet when dried. So, dry season, these soils develop wide cracks. Thus, a kind of Because of this character of slow absorption and loss the black soil retains for a very long time, which helps the the rain fed ones, to during

28. #68Practice set
    With reference to the Peaty and the Saline Soils, consider the following statements: 1. Unlike Saline soil, Peaty soils are mostly found in arid and semi-arid regions. 2. Both Saline soil and Peaty soil have a poor presence of humus and organic matter. 3. Both Peaty soil and Saline soil do not support any vegetative growth.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    option d is the correct l is incorrect: Saline Soils occur in arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy Soils are found in the areas of heavy rainfall humidity, where there is a good growth of 2 is incorrect: Peaty Soils are found in the heavy rainfall and high humidity, where there is a of vegetation. Thus, large quantity of dead accumulates in these areas, and this gives a and organic content to the soil. Organic matter soils may go even up to 40-50 per 3 is incorrect: Saline soils contain a of potassium and magnesium, and are infertile, and do not support any vegetative Soils are found in the areas uf rainfall and where there is a good growth of vegetation

29. #69Practice set
    In the context of Soil erosion, consider the following statements: 1. Terrace cultivation is one of the important causes of soil erosion in India. 2. Pigeon Pea is one of the effective crops for controlling soil erosion. 3. Rill erosion occurs when rainwater docs not get soaked completely into the soil but instead runs across it.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is incorrect: Terrace cultivation is one methods for soil conservation. Terracing is a practice applied to prevent rainfall runoff land from accumulating and causing serious consist of ridges and channels constructed 2 is correct: Different trials with pigeon peas the topsoil have been successful because ol and rapid canopy development. The soft soil soil moisture on the riverbanks help the pigeon in developing strong and deep root systems in holding the soil 3 is correct: Rill erosion is a type of produces small hut distinct streams. It occurs does not soak into the soil but instead runs Rill erosion is removal of soil by concentrated water it occurs when the water forms small channels in the it flows off site

30. #70Practice set
    "This soil is formed in hilly and forest areas where sufficient rainfall and vegelaliun are available. The soils vary in structure and texture depending on the mountain environment where they are formed. They are loamy and silty on valley sides and coarse-grained on the upper slopes. In the snow-bound areas of the Himalayas, they experience denudation and are acidic with low humus The soils found in the lower are fertile." The above paragraph refers to which of the following soil types?
    • AForest soil
    • BArid soil
    • CRed soil
    • DLaterite soil
    Answer: (A) Forest soil
    Explanation

    Option a is the cone ct the name suggests, forest soils are formed in the where sufficient rainfall is available. The soils structure and texture depending on the where they arc formed. They are loamy on valley sides and coarse-grained on the upper the snow-bound areas of the Himalayas, they and are aduic low humus content. The in the lower valleys are fertile. It is evident from discussions that soils, their texture, quality, are vital for the germination and growth uf including crops

31. #71Practice set
    With reference to Indian soils, consider the following statements: 1. Laterite soils are rich in Volcanic ash content. 2. Peninsular soils have High content of Iron oxide. 3. Peaty soils have large amounts of organic material.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct soils, as in other parts of the world, reflect of factors that have contributed to P For u GRAPHY Option l is incorrect: India is not situated on an belt or in proximity to any significant The Deccan Plateau, which is a result of that occurred millions of years ago, is an the volcanic ash from these eruptions has weathered and eroded over time, leading to presence in Indian soils. In contrast, Japan, Indonesia, and Iceland have higher content in their soils due to their location along Laterite soils are rich in bauxite or ferric are very poor in lime, magnesia, potash and 2 is correct: The peninsular region is of ancient crystalline rocks such as and schists, which are rich in iron and These rocks, over time, have weathered to that are rich in iron 3 is correct: Peaty and marshy soils are soils amounts of organic matter and considerable soluble salts. The most hum

32. #72Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to effects of soil erosion: 1. Soil erosion can cause water pollution in nearby waterbodies. 2. Soil erosion of the top layer reduces the ability for water to infiltrate deeper levels. 3. There is a greater chance of increased soil acidity due to soil erosion.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct: Soils erosion from agricultural pesticides, heavy metals, and fertilizers which into nearby waterbodies like and leads to water pollution and damage to marine habitats. Accumulated sediments can also of water ways and raises the water level leading 2 is correct: When the soil under the compacted and stiff, it reduces the ability to infiltrate in the deeper levels, keeping runoff levels. This further increases the risk of more 3 is correct: When the structure of the compromised, and organic matter is there is a higher chance of increased soil will significantly impact the ability for plants to grow

33. #73Practice set
    Read the following paragraph about a soil type found in India: "This soil is formed under conditions of high temperalure heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods. This soil hardens greatly on losing moisture. The continuous stretch of this soil is found on the summits of Western Ghats at 1000 to 1500 m above mean sea level, Eastern Ghats, the Rajmahal Hills, Vindhyan, Satpuras and Malwa Plateau. It lacks fertility due to intensive leaching but when manured and irrigated, it is suitable for growing plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, coconut and arecanut." GE Which of the following soil types is described in the above paragraph?
    • ARed Soil
    • BBlack Soil
    • CLaterite Soil
    • DAlluvial Soil
    Answer: (C) Laterite Soil
    Explanation

    option c is the correct soils are mostly the end products of are formed under conditions of high temperature and rainfall wet and dry periods, promotes leaching (nutrients get washed away of soil whereby lime and silica are leached away, nch in oxides of Aluminum They harden greatly losing moisture. are red in color due to little clay and more gravel sandstones. Laterite soils lack fertility due to When manured and irrigated, some laterites for growing plantation crops like tea, coffee, coconut, arecanut, etc. In some areas, these grazing grounds and saub forests

34. #74Practice set
    Which among the following soils in India are poor in nitrogen content? 1. Black soil 2. Red and yellow soil 3. Arid soil 4. Laterite soilSelect the correct answer from the codes given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct: Black soils are also known as the or the 'Black Cotton Soils'. Chemically, the black rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. They potash. But they lack phosphorus, nitrogen matter. The colour of the soil ranges from to 2 is correct: The Red soil develops a reddish to a wide diffusion of iron in crystalline and It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated soils are generally poor in nitrogen, 3 is correct: Arid soils range from red to brown They are generally sandy in structure and saline In some areas, the salt content is so high that is obtained by evaporating the saline water. Due to climate, high temperature and accelerated lack moisture and humus. Nitrogen is insufficient phosphate content is 4 is correct: The laterite soils develop in high temperature and high rainfall. Humus the soil is removed fast by bacteria that thrives well temperature.

35. #75Practice set
    Which of the following factors can be considered responsible for soil erosion? 1. Mining Operations 2. Over irrigation 3. Overgrazing 4. Lack of Crop RotationSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A2 and 3 only
    • B2, 3 and 4 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature l is correct: Mining operations often require of large areas ofland to access the resources surface. When vegetation is removed, it exposes the the elements, making it more susceptible to 2 is correct: Over-irrigation can increase and can cause the contamination of due to movements of water-soluble causes sheet erosion where the toper of eroded. Option 3 is correct: Overgrazing leads to loosen the soil and the soil is easily washed away by rain Soil erosion due to overgrazing is common in areas of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and in the dry areas of Rajasthan, Madhya Karnataka and Andhra 4 is correct: Much of the soil erosion in caused by faulty methods of agriculture. The are wrong ploughing, lack of crop rotation of shifting cultivation

36. #76Practice set
    Co.nsi the statements with to th-e foat,ues and of M.ountaiu Soils: 1. Mountain soils are typically shallow, with a limited depth. 2. Mountain soils usually have a high organic matter content. 3. The nutrient content of mountain soil is always very high. 4. Mountain soils are generally acidic in nature.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct soils are found in mountainous regions and to many known soil l is correct: Mountain soils tend to be they are formed from the weathering of the material and the accumulation of organic matter slopes. Erosion also plays a significant role in depth of mountain 2 is correct: Mountain soils often have a matter content, especially in forested areas, accumulation of leaf litter and other plant to the formation of humus-rich topsoil cool temperatures and high moisture content found mountain regions can slow down the organic matter, leading to a build-up of organic 3 is incorrect: The nutrient content of can vary greatly depending on factors such as rock material, the slope, and the vegetation type. nutrient availability tends to be lower in due to the combination of steep slopes, high shallow soil depth, which can lead to increased nutrients and limited nutrient 4 is co

37. #77Practice set
    Increasing salinity has been a major problem of soils in various regions of India. In this context, which of the following practices can help to reduce the salinity levels in the soil? 1. Application of Gypsum in upper layers of the soil. 2. Adding rice straw and rice husk to the soil. 3. Performing Deep tillage.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: application of Gypsum in upper 15 soil to convert the alkalies into soluble compounds is that is predominantly employed to treat Soil is used to add large amounts ions that ions from the exchange sites, and when flushed water both salts and Na are removed from the 2 is correct: The organic residues such as rice rice straw can be added to the soil to promote mild acid as a result of their decomposition and the soil alkalinity and 3 is incorrect: Deep tillage should be ignored soils because it increases evaporation and could from the subsoil to the surface. To treat soil salinity, advisable to restrain from deep tillage/heavy that there is no transfer of soil salts to the root zone induces GEOGR Important Tips Soil salinity is the amount of dissolved salts in the soil solution. The process of accumulating soluble salts in the soil is known as salinizat

38. #78Practice set
    Consider the following statements about a soil type found in India: 1. The color of this soil has been attributed to the presence of titaniferous magnetite. 2. They have been formed due to solidification of lava spread over large areas during volcanic activity in Deccan Plateau. 3. "Self-Ploughing" is a remarkable feature of these soils.Which of the following soil type has been described by the above statements?
    • AAlluvial Soil
    • BBlack Soil
    • CArid Soil
    • DRed Soil
    Answer: (B) Black Soil
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct soil is characterized by a thick, dark-colored rich in organic matter. The parent material for the black soil is the volcanic rocks that were formed in Plateau (Deccan and the Rajmahal trap). These are the regions of high temperature and low rainfall. It is, therefore, a soil group typical to the dry and hot regions of the Peninsula. These soils are best suited for cotton crops. Hence these soils are called regur and black cotton soils. The black color is due to the presence of a small proportion of titaniferous magnetite or iron and black constituents of the parent rock. The black soil is highly retentive to moisture. It swells greatly on accumulating moisture. In the rainy season, the soil gets very sticky and hence ploughing and other agricultural activities demand more effort. But, in summer, as the moisture evaporates the soil shrinks and is seamed with broad

39. #79Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Soil Alkalinity: 1. It occurs when the pH value of the soil declines below 6. 2. In general, it results in a reduction of agricultural productivity. 3. Salt tolerant crops cannot be grown on alkaline soils.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    option a is the correct l is incorrect: Alkaline soil is referred to gardeners as "sweet soil." The pH level of alkaline above 7, and it usually contains a great deal of and magnesium. Since alkaline soil is less acidic or neutral soil, availability of nutrients is It is due to this that stunted growth and are 2 is correct: As a result of soil alkalinity, is reduced. Soil alkalinity or salinity is a results from the accumulation of soluble salts in soil. accumulation of salts in the soil profile causes in agricultural 3 is incorrect: Soil alkalinity limits the crops to only salt tolerant crops. Those crops which towards the salt levels in the soil can be grown soils

40. #80Practice set
    Which of the following is/are the factors responsible for the formation of soil? 1. Topography 2. Parent Material 3. Human Activity 4. Biological Activity 5. TimeSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 4 only
    • B1, 2 and 5 only
    • C1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 277
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 277
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct APHY Soil is a dynamic medium in which many chemical, biological activities go on constantly. Soil is a result it is also the medium for l is correct. The influence of topography is the amount of exposure of a surface covered materials to sunlight and the amount of surface drainage over and through the parent 2 is correct: Parent material is a passive in soil formation. Soil formation depends texture (sizes of debris) and structure (disposition grains/particles of debris) as well as the chemical composition of the rock 3 is correct. Anthropogenic factors play an in the formation of 4 is correct. Dead plants provide humus, the organic matter of the soil. Some organic acids during humification aid in decomposing the the soil parent 5 is correct. The length of time the soil operate, determines maturation of soils development

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