UPSC Prelims PYQ › Geography › Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation

Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 3

111 solved previous year questions on Soils, Agriculture & Vegetation, papers from 1996 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #81Practice set
   Consider the following pairs:Factors Influence on soil formation 1. Parent rock Determines soil permeability. 2. Relief Determines accumulation of soil. 3. Micro- Affects the rate of organism humas formation.How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct l is correctly matched. Parent rock determines chemical properties 2 is correctly matched. Relief features, altitude determine accumulation of 3 is correctly matched. Flora, fauna and microorganisms affect the rate of humus formation

2. #82Practice set
   Consider the following statements with respect to the black soils: 1. It is found in parts of Tamil Nadu. 2. It is clayey, deep and impermeable. 3. It is rich in phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct l is correct. Black soil covers most of the which includes parts of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of In the upper reaches of the Godavari and the Krishna, the north western part of the Deccan Plateau, the is very 2 is correct. soils,HP and well l.iet..urne slit ky and shrink when 3 is incorrect. The black soils are rich in magnesia and alumina. They also contain potash. lack in phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter

3. #83Practice set
   Consider the following statements with respect to the red soils: 1. Red soil form on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall. 2. The reddish colour of the soil is due Lu diffusion of iron in metamorphic rocks. 3. They are highly rich in nitrogen and humus.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct l is correct. Red soil develops on rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern part of the Deccan Plateau. Along the of the Western Ghats, long stretch of are,1 is L Yellow and red soils are also found in Odisha and and in the southern parts of (;anga 2 is correct. The soil develops a due to a wide diffusion of iron in crystalline rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in 3 is incorrect. The fine-grained red and are normally fertile, whereas coarse-grained soils dry upland areas are poor in fertility. They are in phosphorons ancl hnmus

4. #84Practice set
   These soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in structure and saline in nature. These soils are developed in western Rajasthan. They contain little humus and organic matter. Which soil has been described above?
   • ASaline soil
   • BArid soil
   • CForest soil
   • DPeaty soil
   Answer: (B) Arid soil
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct soils range from red to brown in colour. They sandy in structure and saline in nature. Due to climate, high temperature and accelerated lack moisture and humus. Nitrogen is insufficient phosphate content is normal. Lower horizons of the occupied by 'kankar' layers because of the content downwards. Arid soils are in western Rajasthan, which exhibit topography

5. #85Practice set
   With reference to the saline soils, consider the following statements: 1. They occur in both waterlogged and swampy areas. 2. The salinity in soil can be caused due to dry climate and poor drainage. 3. Adding urea can help in leaching salt from the soil.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option his the correct l is correct. Saline soils occur in arid and semiarid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas. are more widespread in western Gujarat, deltas of coast and in Sunderbans areas of West 2 is correct. They have more salts, of dry climate and poor drainage. in the deltas promote the occurrence of In the areas of intensive cultivation with of irrigation, especially in areas of green revolution, alluvial soils are becoming 3 is incorrect. Excessive irrigation with conditions promotes capillary action, which the deposition of salt on the _IJ uf Llie wil. In especially in Punjab and Haryana, farmers to add gypsum (not urea) to solve the problem in the soil

6. #86Practice set
   Consider the following pairs:Soils 'in India Favourable for cultivation of 1. Laterite soils Wheat 2. Alluvial soils Maize 3. Black soils CottonHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct l is inforrcctly matched. Laterite soils develop m high temperature and high rainfall. These are the intense leaching due to tropical rains. With rain, silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide compound are left behind. Hence, laterites suitable for 2 is correctly matched. Alluvial soils are mostly regular soils and are best suited for agriculture. are intensively cultivated - yield crops of rice, tobacco, cotton, jute, maize, oilseeds, 3 is correctly matched. Black soils are best suited crop. Hence these soils are also known as the or the 'Rlack Cotton Soil'. Other crops grown on include wheat, jowar, linseed, virginia tobacco, and millets

7. #87Practice set
   With reference to Soil types in India, consider the following pairs:Soil Type Region Where Commonly found l. Alluvial Soil Gangetic Plains 2. Black Soil Deccan Plateau 3. Arid Soil Western Rajasthan GEHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Exp) Option c is the correct l is correctly Alluvial arc the Gangetic plains and the river valleys. They soils, transported and deposited by rivers 2 is correctly matched: Black soil covers most Deccan Plateau which include parts of Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and some Tamil 3 is correctly matched: Arid soils range from red in colour. Arid soils arc characteristically western Rajasthan, which exhibits characteristic These soils are poor and contain little organic matter

8. #88Practice set
   Consider the following statements about Laterite soil: 1. The laterite soil develops under tropical and subtropical climates. 2. This soil is the result of intense leaching. 3. Lateritic soils are mostly deep to very deep and are basic in nature.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   option b is the correct I is correct. The laterite soil develops and subtropical climate that is in areas with and high 2 is correct. Due to tropical rain, laterite intense leaching and lime, silica gets leached soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compounds 3 is incorrect. Laterite soil deficient in and due to intense leaching lime and silica is away which makes laterite soil acidic in nature

9. #89Practice set
   Which of the following are features of Black som 1. It is rich in lime and magnesium but poor in nitrogen and phosphorous. 2. The absence of ferric oxides makes the color of soil Black. 3. The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to weathering of basaltic rocks.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Exp) Option b is the correct soils are mineral soils which have a black enriched with organic carbon thal is al lea,l 25 Black soil covers most of the Deccan Plateau parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Pradesh and some parts of Tamil Nadu. In the upper reaches of the Godavari and the Krishna, and the part of the Deccan Plateau, the black soil is These soils are also known as the 'Regur Soil' or Cotton l is correct. Chemically, the black soil is rich iron, magnesia and alumina. They also contain they lack phosphorus, nitrogen and organic 2 is incorrect. The colour of the soil ranges black to grey. The black colour of the soil is due to of iron, aluminium and humus. The black due to the presence of a small proportion of or iron and black constituents of the parent is the dark organic matter that forms in soil plant and animal matter breaks down further action of anaerobic 3 is correct. B

10. #90Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to Peaty soil and Saline soil:l. Unlike Peaty soils, Saline soils do not support any vegetative growth. 2. Unlike Saline soils, Peaty soils have high percentages of sodium, magnesium and potassium. 3. Saline soils are found in western Gujarat While Peaty Soils occurs in the northern part of Bihar.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct soils originate in tlv: humid regions due to of large amoi.rnt of organic matter in the are generally submerged under water during the and are utilised for paddy cultivatlon Soils are also known as Usnra soils, Soil contains u tent of l is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect. are found in the areas of heavy rainfall and where there is a good growth of soils contain a larger proportion of sodium, magnesium, and thus, they are infertile, and do any vegetative growth. These soils can be improving drainage, by applying gypsum or lime and salt-resistant crops like berseem, dhaincha, 3 is correct. Peaty and Marshy Soils are found of heavy rainfall and high humidity like, in Llic parl of Bihar, and the of West Bengal, Odisha and Tamil soils are found in arid and semi-arid areas, and and swampy soils are mostly found in weslern Gujarat, deltas eastern coast and in Sunclar

11. #91Full-length test
    Consider the following statements regarding the 'Regenerative Agriculture': 1. It improves soil health through practices that increase soil organic matter. 2. It essentially requires zero-tillage farming practices. 3. It encourages continuous grazing by animals on a particular land to improve soil productivity.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct agriculture is an evolution of reducing the use of water and other inputs, land degradation and I is correct: Regenerative agriculture is a system that focuses on soil health, food improvement, water quality and air improves soil health through practices that organic matter, biota and biodiversity. It also aims water-holding capacity and carbon 2 is incorrect: Regenerative agriculture minimizing the ploughing of land. on tillage or zero tillage is not a tillage will help keep CO2 in the soil, improve absorbency and leave vital fungal communities in 3 is incorrect: Continuous grazing by animals same piece of land can also degrade soil. This integrated livestock/ grazing practices, continuous grazing on the same piece of land

12. #92Full-length test
    Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding land use pattern in 29. India? 1. Net sown area represents the. total area sown once or more than once in a particular year. 2. Under the calculation of Gross cropped area, the area sowed more than once in the same year is counted only once. 3. Cropping intensity is the ratio of net sown area to the gross cropped area.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect. Net sown area represents the sown with crops. But the area sown more than once same year is counted only E l l { 2 is incorrect. Gross cropped area represents area sown once and/ or more than once in a i.e., the area is counted as many times as there in a 3 is incorrect. Cropping intensity is the ratio gross cropped area to net sown area

13. #93Full-length test
    Consider the following statements regarding Coarse grains grown in India: 1. Sorghum is mainly grown as rabi crop in northern India. 2. Maize is sown all over the country except Punjab and North-eastern regions of India. 3. Bajra requires hot and dry climatic conditions. 4. Ragi crop is adaptable to the higher elevations.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect. Sorghum is main food crop areas of central and southern India. produces more than half of the total jowar the country. Other leading producer states of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhta Pradesh It is sown in both kharif and rabi seasons states. But it is a kharif crop (and not Rabi northern India where it is mostly grown as a fodder 2 is correct. Maize cultivation is not any specific region. It is sown all over India and north-eastern regions. The leading maize are the states of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar 3 is correct. Bajra is sown in hot and conditions in north-western and western the country. Leading producers of bajra are the Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan 4 is correct. Ragi is widely grown in Africa It is originally native to the Ethiopian Highlands was introduced in India a long time ago

14. #94Full-length test
    Consider the following statements regarding the ancient text of 'Ashtadhyayi':L It was written by Patanjali towards the end of the 2nd century BC. 2. It provides details regarding the eight ancient languages including Sanskrit, Pali and Apabhramsa. 3. It mentions a technique for obtaining grammatically correct words of Sanskrit language.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    such as flooding or pests. Direct seeding can result in lower germination rates due to poor seed-soil contact Optiop a is the answe.r: insufficient soil 1 is is, an Option 2 is correct: DSR method reduces written. by Panini that is considered one of the most emissions due to a shorter flooding period anel works in 'the field of Sanskrit grammar. It is soil disturbance compared to transplanting rice to have been composed in the 4th century BCE and A shorter flooding period reduces the amount of of eight chapters or Adhyayas. matter decomposition and, in turn, decreases 2 is provides details emissions. Furthermore, the DSR method reduces soil Important { during the preparation of the field, which reduce methane 3 is correct: DSR can conserve water transplanting, as less water is required for the of plants. DSR method requires less field preparation as the seeds are directly sown soil, elim

15. #95Full-length test
    Consider the following statements regarding the difference between natural farming and organic farming: 1. In organic farming, manure-based fertilizers are added to soil, while no external fertilizers are generally added to soil in natural farming. 2. Unlike organic farming, natural farming involves plowing and tilting of soil. 3. Natural farming is a low-cost farming method compared to organic farming.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct farming and organic farming are both that prioritize sustainability and environmental { However, there are some differences between 1 is correct: In organic farming, and manures like compost, vermicompost, manure, etc. are used and added to farmlands natural farming, neither chemical nor organic added to the soil. In fact, no external fertilizers to soil or given to plants 2 is incorrect: Organic farming still agro practices like plowing, tilting, mixing weeding, etc. to be performed. In natural is no plowing, no tilting of soil and no no weeding is done just the way it would be in 3 is correct: Natural agriculture is an farming method that completely molds wildlife. Organic farming is still costlier due to of bulk manures, and it has an ecological the surrounding. Natural farming is also generally farming method as it relies on local minimizes external inputs, wh

16. #96Full-length test
    The Central Highlands in India are dominated by which one of the following types of vegetations?
    • AGrassl and Forest Vegetation
    • BTropical Deciduous Forest
    • CTropical Thorn Forests
    • DTropical Evergreen Rain Forests
    Answer: (B) Tropical Deciduous Forest
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Central Highlands are the parts of the Peninsular the north of the Narmada River that encompass a of the Malwa plateau. This is the of the Deccan plateau. The rivers that drain this the Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, and Ken, run to northeast, showing the Central Indian Highlands region is dominated deciduous forests. These forests are the shedding of leaves by trees during the dry season, subsequent regrowth of leaves during the wet peninsular Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in the east (Tectona grandis) in the west dominate the of the Central Indian Highlands. Important Tips Moist Evergreen Forests are mainly found in southern India along the Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and north-eastern region. Semi Evergreen Forests are mainly found in the less rainy parts of the regions where moist evergreen forests are found; Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, an

17. #97Full-length test
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Polyhouse cultivation: 1. It uses polythene sheets as a covering material to grow crops in controlled climatic conditions. 2. In polyhouse cultivation, crops can be grown throughout the year. 3. Crops in a polyhouse are more prone to pests and diseases due to the closed environment.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: A polyhouse is a specially like a building where specialised polythene used as a covering material under which crops can in partially or fully controlled climatic conditions. covered with a transparent material as to permit the natural is correct: In a polyhouse, crops can be the year and do not have to wait for any i r { 3 is Polyhouses are threats such as extreme heat and pest attacks Along with this, fertilizer application is easier and automatically with the help of drip irrigation. Important Tips Limitations of Polyhouse cultivation Farmers have slight control over airflow and temperature in the naturally ventilated poly houses. Low-quality films in polyhouses cause simple wear and tear in heavy rains, rendering crops vulnerable. Irrigation may also be difficult as only one method of polyhouse irrigation cannot be ideal for all the crop types Th

18. #98Full-length test
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation initiative:1. is a mechanism was developed by Parties to the United Nations environment programme (UNEP) 2. provides incentives for positive aspects of sustainable management of forests. 3. The benefits will be distributed to national governments that are interested in forest conservation and management.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer. Tll'e' Urtitect Nafiorts. p'rdgram ts intended to curb deforestation fo forest carbort, combat climate change, protect and aid poor rural communities. is m.echanism was the Change (UNF Statement 2 is correct: goes beyond merely checking deforestation and forest degradation, and includes incentives for positive elements of, conservation, sustainable m,anagernent of forests and of forest carbon s incentives reduction: deforestatipn or for and of S.ta'tement. 3, is incouect: incentives so received from woald be passed to communities involved in andnianagemerttof the forests,,This.will of our forests against deforestation. Tips the,REDD / - I; builds upon the concepts of the REDD.program and, expands the scope to the broader dimensiong..of. sustaipable forest management. apd qimate change mitigation.. The REDD program on reducing by deforestation. and forest d

19. #99Full-length test
    With reference to Crop Rotation, consider the following statements: 1. It helps in regaining soil nutrients without synthetic inputs. e 2. This is an effective method to reduce soil erosion. 3. Generally, crop rotation decreases the crop yield. 4. The main disadvantage of this system is the increase of pests in the field.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct rotation is the practice of planting different on the same plot of land to improve soil nutrients in the soil, and combat pests and 1 is correct: Crop rotation helps return the soil without synthetic inputs. Crop rotation land to regenerate and rejuvenate its own having to apply more nutrients through the use 2 is correct: Soil erosion is the carrying away most important topsoil layer by wind or water. When is constantly covered by plants, the topsoil layer is away by water during heavy rainfall. Crop reduce raindrop impact on the soil and by water because the roots of the plants hold layer of soil together. Trees planted together with the farms also assist in preventing soil 3 is incorrect: Crop rotation increases obtained from a single seasonal harvest. the incorporation of different crop types, one gets a variety of crops after each season but also a harvest. S

20. #100Full-length test
    Consider the following regarding Bio-dynamic farming?. ! 1. The main aim of farming is to maintain soil fertility. 2. It treats cattle, crops, and soil as a single system. 3. It is based on the utility of monocropping in agriculture. 4. It uses various herbal and, mineral additives for compost making.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct farming is a method which is similar to but it involves some kind of vitality of the 1 is correct: The Biodynamics Farming is to maintain the fertility of the soils being destroyed. In this method, the plants get nutrients from the soil to the maximum and of the soil 2 is correct: Methods the include of animals, crops, and soil as a single. emphasis from its beginnings on local production systems, its use of traditional and new local breeds and 3 is incorrect: It is not based on the utility of opping in agriculture. Rather diversification is. the main factor of biodynamic farming. will produce crops which are different from instead of going with monoculture. This is of only one crop in a farm causes a decrease in 4 is correct:. Biodynamics has much in other organic approaches - it emphasizes the use and composts and excludes the use of. pesticides and herbicides o

21. #101Full-length test
    Consider the following statements with reference to changes in Land Use patterns in India between 1960 to 2014-15: 1. The total forest cover has decreased. 2. The area under non-agricultural use has increased. 3. There has been a decrease in the area under pastures and grazing lands.How many of the above given statements are incorrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: The forest cover has increased since Independence. In the year 1960, the area was nearly of total land area. The total forest cover in India was square kilometers i.e., of the total geographical area in the year 2015. The cover in India (2015) was 7,01,673 square is of the total geographical area of the 2 is correct: The rate of increase is the the case of areas under non-agricultural use. This to the changing structure of Indian economy, which depending on the contribution from services sectors and expansion of related Also, an expansion of area under both urban settlements has added to the increase. Thus, the non-agricultural uses is increasing at the expense agricultural land. The area under non-agricultural increased from in 1960 to about in 3 is correct: The decline in land under grazing lands can be explained by pressure land. Illegal encroac

22. #102Full-length test
    With reference to various types of Forestry, consider the following statements: 1. Agroforestry is the land-use systems involving trees combined with crops and/ or animals on the same unit of land. 2. In Farm Forestry, farmers may grow trees in their land for their commercial value. 3. Recreation forestry is the raising of medicinal trees along with plantation crops. 4. Social forestry involves raising trees in common lands such as roadsides, government wasteland etc.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Farmers have practiced ancient times. Agroforestry focuses on the wide trees grown on farms and other rural areas. a collective name for land-use systems involving with crops and/or animals on the same unit 2 is correct: Farm forestry can be commercial While commercial farm forestry raising trees on their lands for its non-commercial farm forestry is the raising of farmers for no economic 3 is incorrect: Recreation forestry is the forestry with the object of raising flowering trees mainly to serve as recreation forests for the rural population. This type of forestry is also known forestry which is defined as the practice of the object of developing or maintaining a forest of 4 is correct: The term social forestry was in 1976 by The National Commission on of India. Social forestry involves raising common lands such as railway lines, roadsides, rivers

23. #103Full-length test
    Consider the following statements about nutrient cycles: 1. Agricultural activities accelerate the rate of phosphorus cycle. 2. During the assimilation process in nitrogen cycle, ammonia is converted into nitrite.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. Humans have had a significant on the phosphorus cycle, fertilizers containing phosphorus add to the phosphorus levels in the soil and are particularly detrimental when such products are washed aquatic ecosystems and lead to acceleratt,d eutrophication. This fastens the phosphorus 2 is incorrect. Assimilation is the process plants and animals incorporate the nitrate and am 1 formed through nitrogen fixation. It is the process in which ammonia is converted to nitrite to nitrate

24. #104Full-length test
    Which among the following are considered as the native crops of India?
    • ABrinjal, Jackfruit and Ginger
    • BPotato, Ginger and Chilies
    • CChilies, Brinjal and Jackfruit
    • DBell peppers, Jackfruit and Chilies
    Answer: (C) Chilies, Brinjal and Jackfruit
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct are a warm season crop and require at least of direct sunlight per day for optimal growth and Tomato can be grown on a wide range of sandy to heavy clay. However, well-drained, sandy loam soils rich in organic matter with a pH range of are considered ideal. The plants cannot withstand high humidity. It is usually cultivated in mild cold climatic regions. It thrives well in to with an optimum range of Temperatures above 320 C adversely affect set and development. Tomatoes require inches (2.5-5 cm) of water per week, depending conditions and soil type. Overwatering can to issues such as root rot, fungal diseases, and a is incorrect: Banana, basically a tropical well in a temperature range of - humidity of Deep, rich loamy soil with 6.5 - 7.5 is most preferred for banana b is incorrect: Guava tolerates high drought conditions prevalent in north India However, it is s

25. #105Full-length test
    With reference to various animal species and their distribution in India, consider the following pairs:i 1. Gangetic Rajasthan Dolphin 2. Jerdon's Courser Andhra Pradesh 3. Pygmy Hog KeralaHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct has various types of soils owing to its varied landforms, climatic realms and Soils were classified on the basis of their and external features such as texture, of land and moisture content in the a is incorrect: Alluvial soils have low humus content and also its colour varies from the to ash grey. These soils are widespread in the and the river valleys, and these soils cover total area of the country. In the Peninsular region, found in deltas of the east coast and in the river b is correct: Peaty Soils are found in the areas rainfall and high humidity, where there is a of vegetation. Thus, large quantity of dead accumulates in these areas, and this gives a and organic content of the soil) to the soils are normally heavy and black in colour. It in the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, West and the northern parts of Bihar, southern part c is incorrect: Black soil covers

26. #106Full-length test
    With respect to the effects of cultivating Millets, consider the following statements: 1. They are completely resistant to pests. 2. They help in water conservation 3. They improve the soil structure 4. They can sequester carbonHow many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct - often called "Nutri-Cereals" due to their value - are a group of small-seeded mainly in dry zones of Asia and Africa. These (or great millet), pearl millet, finger millet, millet, foxtail millet, teff and other smaller 1 is incorrect: While generally millets of pests, sometimes, some pests like shoot fly known to attack if planting is delayed due to delay onset of monsoon. So, some pest control is the need for chemical pesticides is limited to a as even biological pest control and organic potent 2 is correct: Millets are a rainfed crop. They require standing water or lots of irrigation for need to be dug, or dams need to be built or to be overexploited. They have an extremely footprint, with a crop of millets requiring around less water than crops like rice, wheat, or Millets help in preserving water, which is already supply due to aggravating climate change (er

27. #107Full-length test
    Consider the following statements about Mangroves: 1. To avoid harsh conditions, true mangrove species extends toward terrestrial plant community. 2. Pneumatophores are those seeds of mangrove plants which germinate into seedlings while still being attached to the parent tree. 3. Global warming results in the expansion of mangrove forests towards the temperate regions. 4. The only method by which all mangrove species deal with salinity is by creating a barrier to exclude all salt from entering their vascular system.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is incorrect. True mangrove species in mangrove environment. They do not extend plant community and are and reproductively adapted to and anaerobic condition (which are 1 { 2 is incorrect. Pneumatophores are ground roots which act as breathing roots. unique way of reproduction in which seeds develop into seedlings while the seeds are still the parent tree is known as 3 is correct. Mangroves grow in and subtropical coastal areas across the general, this is an area between latitudes of 25 and 25 degrees south. However, geographical highly variable depending upon the area of the local climates. Rising temperatures and sea level, mangroves to expand their ranges farther the equator and encroach on temperate 4 is incorrect. In species from the (the red mangrove) and Bruguiera, the a barrier and can almost completely exclude from entering their vascular system-over 90

28. #108Full-length test
    Consider the following options: 1. De-vegetation along riverbanks 2. Stubble burning 3. Aquaculture 4. Coal based thermal power plantsHow many of the above options are the major sources of Ammonia emissions?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct (NH) is a common toxicant derived fertilizers natural processes. The major Ammonia include-Municipal waste treatment point sources; Agricultural and urban runoff etc E l Statement I is correct. The removal of vegetation from of surface waters increases surface water runoff temperature and decreases woody debris input. of vegetation can increase the sedimentation fine sediments generate ammonia due to low and high organic matter. Hence with Increased runoff may increase the amount of ammonia the waterbody which in turn enhances the ammonia with Increased water 2 is correct. Stubble burning has been the major contributors of air pollution especially Asia. It is a significant source of gaseous as, carbon dioxide (CO 2), carbon monoxide oxides (NO), sulfur oxides (SO), ammonia methane (CH 4 ) as well as particulate matters (PM 10 2) causing serious damage to human hea

29. #109Full-length test
    With reference to the various types of soils found in India, consider the following statements:1.. Both Red Soil and Saline Soil can be found in areas of low rainfall. 2. Both Red Soil and Saline Soil are rich in salts like sodium and potassium.Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct: Red Soil is found in areas of (around 70-100 cm) like eastern and of the Deccan Plateau, piedmont zone of the parts of Odisha Chhattisgarh and southern middle Ganga Plains Similarl soils. are found,. in add and with low rainfall; like Western Gujuat Unlike Red Soils,Jn addition to arid regions saline s.oils found in areas of poor drainage like swamps areas. like delt.as of eastern coast, 2 is incorrect: Only Saline soils are sodium, potassium and magnesium, which make. While, red soils are rich in iron which give characteristic red colour. They don't have an excess Lowland red soils which are fine grained Important Tips Reasons for the formation of saline High Salt Content in Water Sources: Saline soils can form when the water sources used for or natural water bodies have a high salt content. Poor Drainage: Inadequjlte drainage in the. sojl contribut

30. #110Full-length test
    With reference to Shola Forest in India, the following statements: 1. They are temperate forest with evergreen ecosystem. 2. They are usually separated from one another by undulatingmontane grassland. 3. This type of forests can only be found in the Northeastern states of India.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct a is incorrect: They have a charge equal to an electron (a negative charge): not neutron,i.e. X 10- 19 b is incorrect: Their weight is about 200 of an electron (1.82 X 10-3 c is incorrect: These particles fall on inch of the earth surface, - including on like plants, animals and humans, but they do any damage to objects or tissues, as they do not unlike other particles Alpha particle, etc. have a very high penetrating power and even few kilometres inside the earth surface after organisms, soil, dis correct: Scientific experiments in the the presence of another sub 'atomk' Muon, that was created as high energy cosmic with the particles in the atmosphere and to release these particle's. Important Tips The Muon Particle is a type of subatomic particle that forms a part of the Standard Model (of elementary particles) in physics

31. #111Full-length test
    Consider the following statements: The Wildlife Protection Act, empowers the Government of India to restrict the power of the state in respect of de-reservation of forests and use of forestland for non-forest purposes declare any area a wildlife sanctuary, national park or closed area Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2 E 1 f { }
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct l is incorrect. The Forest (Conservation) was adopted to protect and conserve forests. itself (not government of the power state in respect of de-reservation of forests and use for non-forest 2 is correct. The Wildlife (Protection) provides protection to listed flora and fauna a network of ecologically important It empowers the central and state governments any area a wildlife sanctuary, national park or The Act prohibits hunting of animals except of an authorized officer when the animal dangerous to human life or property or so to be beyond recovery

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