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Climatology — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 4

212 solved previous year questions on Climatology, papers from 1993 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #121Practice set
   Which of the following is as to why scarcely occurs in the leeward side of the mountains?
   • AOn the leeward side, the air is being heated up that then rises up and loses heat
   • BOn the leeward side, the air ascends and the moisture is condensed
   • COn the leeward side, the air descends and their capacity to take in moisture increases
   • DOn the leeward side, there is formation of stationary front that leads to formation of the rain-shadow area. Climatic Processes: Cyclone, El-Nino etc
   Answer: (C) On the leeward side, the air descends and their capacity to take in moisture increases
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct rainfall is defined as precipitation, which when moist air is lifted as it moves over is also known as the relief RAPHY Option a is incorrect. In Convectional Rain, the air on becomes light and rises up in convection it rises, it expands and loses heat and takes b is incorrect. When the saturated air mass a mountain, it is forced to ascend along and as it rises, it expands; the temperature falls, and is c is correct. On leeward side, the winds reach rain on the windward side When these winds reach slope, they descend, and their temperature rises. capacity to take in moisture increases. Thus, slopes remain rainless and dry. The area situated leeward side is known as the rain-shadow dis incorrect. Stationary front is associated with precipitation not the orographic rains. Climatic Processes: Cyclone, El-Nino etc

2. #122Practice set
   Consider the following statements regarding the 'anti-cyclones'? 1. Anti-cyclones are the regions of high pressure around which air circulates. 2. Anti-cyclones always bring heavy rain, thus leading to flood like conditions. 3. Anti-cyclones are more frequent during the summer season.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct anticyclone is a weather phenomenon defined as a large scale circulation of winds around a central region of l is correct. Anticyclones are regions of pressure on horizontal surfaces around which clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere in the Southern 2 is incorrect. Anti-cyclones are indicative weather which mostly remain rainless. largely rainless. The sky is free of clouds because fact that descending air in the centre of anticyclone up at dry adiabatic rate due to subsidence. This anticyclones are indicative of dry weather. This does that anticyclones are always rainless. While oceans sometimes they pick up moisture and yield or drizzles with moderate 3 is correct. In summer, the dear associated with anticyclones allow the to warm the ground. This is why anticyclones are in summers. This can bring long sunny days temperatures. The weather is normally dry, very hot

3. #123Practice set
   In context of Climatology, consider the following conditions: 1. Temperature higher than C. 2. Presence of the Coriolis force. 3. Complete absence of vertical wind. 4. Upper air convergence above the sea level.How many of the conditions given above are necessary for formation of tropical cyclones?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four For u
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct cyclones are low pressure systems that form tropical waters. It is a rapid rotating storm tropical oceans from where it draws the energy conditions favourable for the formation of tropical storms are: A pre-existing weak low pressure area or low-level cyclonic circulation. Large sea surface with temperature higher than C. (Hence, option l is correct) GEO Presence of the Coriolis force. (Hence, option 2 is correct) Small variations in the vertical wind speed. (Hence, option 3 is incorrect) Upper air divergence above the sea level system. (Hence, option 4 is incorrect) Important Tips Cyclones: Cyclones are rapid inward air circulation around a low pressure area. The air circulates in an anticlockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern hemisphere j

4. #124Practice set
   "It is a violently rotating column of air touching the ground. It is attached to and extends from the base of a thunderstorm. H generally develops extremely rapidly, and also dissipates quickly. It is capable of completely destroying well-made structures and uprooting trees. H is also known as Twister;' Which of the following atmospheric phenomena is being described in the above paragraph?
   • ABlizzard
   • BAir Mass
   • CTornadoes
   • DDownbursts
   Answer: (C) Tornadoes
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct are violently spinning, funnel-shaped air that extend from the dark thunderclouds of the sky where they form) to the ground. also known as twisters. The wind from a tornado more than 250 Km/Hour. Tornadoes occur all over but the United States leads the world in the storms followed by Argentina and Bangladesh. are clearly visible, while rain or nearby low hanging clouds obscure others

5. #125Practice set
   Higher concentration of dust particles is found in subtropical and temperate regions as compared to equatorial and polar regions. The most appropriate reason for this is
   • AAnti-cyclonic conditions in subtropical high-pressure belts
   • BPresence of belt of strong upper level wind circulation
   • CPresence of drier winds in the region
   • DHigher elevation of continental landmass in the region
   Answer: (C) Presence of drier winds in the region
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct a is incorrect: Anticyclones are and are more common in subtropical and polar high-pressure belts where the air is the upper troposphere to the lower troposphere. velocity of an anticyclone is 30 to 50 km per is not the reason for the higher concentration of found in subtropical and temperate regions. Option b is incorrect: The subtropical high pressure at 30 degrees and 35 degrees both north and air in this region is comparatively dry and calm. It the reason for the higher concentration of dust in subtropical and temperate c is correct: The higher concentration of is found in sub tropical and temperate region dry winds in comparison to equatorial and polar dis incorrect: The elevation of Continental not related to the higher concentration of dust in subtropical and temperate regions

6. #126Practice set
   Consider the following statements about the El Nino: 1. Intensity of Walker Circulation diminishes during an El Nino event. 2. Compared to normal circumstances, there will be low pressure near Peruvian coast and high pressure in the Indian Ocean during the El-Nino. 3. An El-Nino event always leads to increased occurrence of hurricanes in the mid-Atlantic Ocean.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone n.i
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct l is correct. The Walker Circulation is system of air flow in the equatorial Pacific an El Nino event, the Walker Circulation is Increased precipitation and abnormally are found in the central Pacific during an El (or ENSO warm phase). These changes in have a cascading effect on weather patterns in of the 2 is correct. In normal times, when the Pacific Ocean (especially near Peru and high pressure, alternatively the tropical experiences low pressure conditions. However, conditions are sometimes reversed which results pressure in the Pacific and alternatively high the Indian ocean. This is the periodic change in which is referred to as the Southern 3 is incorrect. In the Atlantic, El Nino to fewer hurricanes. This is largely due to wind shear and more stability in the is good for the development or of hurricanes as it rips them apart and a atmosphere prevents the li

7. #127Practice set
   Consider the following statements with reference to the conditions favorable for occurrence of Cold Wave in India:l. Foggy weather developed during the day. 2. Clear sky conditions developed during the night. 3. Intense radiation cooling during the night.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct I is correct: Foggy weather developed day which inhibits day warming and provides for cold wave conditions to linger on. Statements 2 and 3 are correct: Clear sky conditions during the night, further facilitate lowering of temperature by radiation cooling. Occasionally, in the absence of western disturbances and persistent clear sky conditions, intense nocturnal radiation cooling may also cause night temperatures to fall below normal and result in cold wave conditions. Important Tips cold wave: A cold wave is a rapid fall in temperature within a 24- liuur period. A cold wave is a weather phenomenon that is distinguished by the cooling of the air. Cold wave conditions develop if the temperature falls rapidly much below

8. #128Practice set
   Consider the following statements: 1. Positive Indian Ocean dipole usually brings good precipitation in India. 2. Strong El Nino events contribute to higher than average monsoon rainfall in India. 3. La Nina leads to decreased upwelling across the west coast of South America.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (A) Only one
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1 is correct. Positive IOD brings good in India and Indian Ocean and poor rainfall parts of Indian 2 is incorrect. Strong El Nino events contribute monsoons and even droughts in 3 is Incorrect.La Nina means Little Girl La Nina has the opposite effect of El Nino. Nina events, trade winds are even stronger than more warm water toward Asia. Off the west the Americas, upwelling increases, bringing water to the surface

9. #129Practice set
   Which of the following statement is correct with respect to Heat waves?
   • AHeat waves occur when actual maximum temperature is greater than
   • BHeat waves is a period of abnormally high temperatures that occurs during the whole year
   • CSevere heat waves occur when temperature departure from normal is greater than
   • DTo declare a heat wave, the set criteria should be met in all Meteorological stations of the district
   Answer: (C) Severe heat waves occur when temperature departure from normal is greater than
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct a is incorrect. Heat waves occur when temperature is b is incorrect. Heat waves is a period of temperatures that occurs during the summer season. heat waves typically occur between March and in some rare cases even extend till c is correct. Severe heat waves occur departure from normal is greater than d is incorrect. To declare a heat wave, the set be met at least in 2 stations in a for at least two consecutive days and it will on the second

10. #130Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): 1. ENSO is a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperatures and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere across the Atlantic Ocean. 2. El Nifio events represent periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect. ENSO is a periodic sea surface temperatures and the air pressure of atmosphere across the equatorial Pacific has a major influence on weather and climate as heavy rains, floods and drought. El Nino has influence on global temperatures, while La the opposite 2 is incorrect. La Nina (not El Nino) periods of below-average sea surface the east-central Equatorial Pacific. Important Tips Southern oscillation: Normally when the tropical eastern south Pacific Ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean experiences low pressure. But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions and the eastern Pacific has lower pressure in comparison to the eastern Indian Ocean. This periodic change in pressure conditions is known as the Southern Oscillation (SO). The difference in pressure over Tahiti (Pacific Ocean, and Darwin in

11. #131Practice set
    With reference to frontal zones, consider the following statements: 1. Cold fronts are usually associated with thunderstorms and extreme weather. 2. The stationary fronts can be transformed into both warm and cold fronts. 3. An occluded front is formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct front is a weather system that is the boundary different types of air. One type of air is usually the other, with different temperatures and of l is correct. A cold front is defined as zone where a cold air mass is replacing a mass. Cold fronts often come with thunderstorms types of extreme weather. They usually move to east. Cold fronts move faster than warm cold air is denser, meaning there are more material in cold air than in warm 2 is correct. Stationary fronts will either several days or devolve into shear lines. But can a cold or warm front if conditions aloft change stronger of the two fronts to win out. Else, the will be pushed in one direction by another pushing behind 3 is correct. An occluded front is formed process of cydolgenesis when a cold front overtakes front. When this occurs, the warm air is from the cyclone centre at the earth's frontogenesis

12. #132Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Air mass is a large body of air having little horizontal variation in temperature and moisture. 2. The contact zone between the cold and warm mass, as the cold air moves towards the warm air is called Cold front. 3. Warm Fronts brings cloudless skies and results into drought like situation.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. When the air remains over area for a sufficiently longer time, it characteristics of the area. The homogenous be the vast ocean surface or vast plains. The air characteristics in terms of temperature is called an airmass. It is defined as a large air having little horizontal variation in temperature 2 is correct. When two different air masses boundary zone between them is called a front.When air moves towards the warm air mass, its contact called the cold front, whereas if the warm air mass the cold air mass, the contact zone is a warm 3 is incorrect. The fronts occur in middle are characterised by steep gradient in temperature They bring abrupt changes in temperature the air to rise to form clouds and cause precipitation

13. #133Practice set
    to 'Tropical Cyclones', consider the following statements: 1. A pre-existing weak low-pressure area is a required condition for development of tropical cyclones. 2. Landfall of the cyclone intensifies the storm with the continuous supply of the moisture. 3. Strong spirally circulating wind around the centre is the characteristic of a mature tropical cyclone.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct. Tropical cyclones originate over warm tropical oceans. The for the formation and intensification of are: (i) Large sea surface with temperature (ii) Presence of the Coriolis force; ( ) in the vertical wind speed; (iv) A low-pressure area or low-level-cyclonic Upper divergence above the sea level 2 is incorrect. The place where a tropical the coast is called the landfall of the cyclone. the land the moisture supply is cut off and dissipates. The energy that intensifies the from the condensation process in the clouds, surrounding the centre of the continuous supply of moisture from the sea, the further strengthened. But ones landfall happens there continous supply of moisture thus storm is weakens 3 is correct. A mature tropical cyclone by the strong spirally circulating wind centre, called the eye. The diameter of the can vary between 150 and 250 km

14. #134Practice set
    to Cyclones, consider the following statements: 1. Bomb cyclone is named so because of the severe lightning and thunderstorms associated with it. 2. Temperate Cyclones move under the influence of the Westerlies. 3. Cyclonic winds circulate in anticlockwise direction in southern hemisphere.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect: If a storm is dubbed a or "bombogenesis", to refer to a rapidly of low term bombogenesis comes from the merging of bomb and cyclogenesis. All storms are cyclones, means the creation or beginning. In this case, to explosive development. Altogether the term storm 2 is correct: Temperate Cyclones are low pressure at the centre. These are generally deep westerly winds in a general west to east both the Northern and Southern hemispheres of 3 is incorrect: During a cyclone, winds into regions of low pressure in the centre. in the anticlockwise direction in the and clockwise in the southern hemisphere

15. #135Practice set
    Consider the following La Nina. 1. It brings heavy rains and flooding in Canada. 2. La Nina Modoki is associated with warming in the central tropical Pacific. llfliWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. La Nina is characterized by lower than-normal air pressure over the western Pacific. Nina events, trade winds are even stronger than more warm water toward Asia. Off the west coast Americas, upwelling increases, bringing cold, nutrient rich water to the surface. These cold waters in the the jet stream northward. This tends to lead to the southern U.S. and heavy rains and flooding 2 is incorrect. La Nina Modoki is associated central tropical Pacific and warming in the western Pacific. La Nina Modoki is the counter part Nino Modoki

16. #136Practice set
    Consider the following statements to Madden Julian oscillation (MJO). 1. It is as an eastward moving disturbance of clouds, rainfall, winds and pressure near the equator. 2. When MJO stays over Pacific Ocean, it brings good rainfall in India. 3. There can be multiple MJO events within a season.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct. MJO can be defined as an 'pulse' of clouds, rainfall, winds and pressure equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days. traversing phenomenon and is most prominent over and Pacific 2 is When lies over the during the Monsoon season, it brings good rain fa the Indian subcontinent. On the other hand, when a longer cycle and stays over the Pacific brings bad news for the Indian 3 is correct. As it recurs every 30 to 60 can be multiple MJO events within a season, and MJO is best described as intraseasonal tropical (i.e., varies on a week-to-week basis)

17. #137Practice set
    to cyclone consider the following statements: 1. It helps in balancing global heat distribution. 2. It facilitates Ecological Succession in ecosystem. 3. It is responsible for seed dispersal of plant species.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. Cyclone helps in balancing distribution. Cyclone maintains the between the poles and the 2 is facilitates Ecological Succession in example, A cyclone flattens a deciduous forest seem as an act of destruction but such a natural and necessary part of ecosystem function. of mature canopy trees allows sunlight to previously dark understory, permitting to proliferate. Thus, it helps the shade-tolerant create a canopy cycling of vegetation communities or biodiversity by giving more species the occupy a given ecosystem and maintaining of greater 3 is correct. Cyclones help in Lhe dispersal of plant species

18. #138Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW): 1. It occurs due to disruption and weakening of the Polar vortex. 2. It can affect the shape of the jet stream in the upper Troposphere. 3. It is connected to extreme warm events on the Earth's surface.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct - Every year in winter, strong circle the pole high up in the stratosphere. This the stratospheric polar vortex and it circulates cold over the some years, the winds in the polar vortex The cold air then descends very rapidly in the and this causes the temperature in the rise very rapidly, as much as over only a few the term sudden stratospheric 2 is correct - As the cold air from high up stratosphere disperses, it can affect the shape of the as the cold air sinks from the stratosphere into RAPHY troposphere. It is this change in the jet stream that weather to 3 is incorrect - Extreme cold, winter snow all been connected to the surface effects of warming

19. #139Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to heatwave and u.rban heat islands: 1. In India for hilly areas, whenever Maximum temperature of a station reaches the heatwave is declared. 2. High rise buildings that offer more surface area for heat absorption are one of the causes of urban heat island effect.Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct heat wave is a period of excessively hot weather. And heat island is an urban or an industrial area that considerably higher than its areas primarily due to anthropogenic l is correct: Indian Meteorological prescribed certain criteria for declaring maximum temperature of a station reaches for the plains, 37 for coastal stations and 30 areas, a heatwave is declared. When actual remains 45 or more regardless of temperature, heat waves should be 2 is correct: Albedo of a surface is the sunlight that the surface can reflect back into asphalt used to road construction and in roofing has very low albedo. Similarly, high rise more surface area for heat absorption. This all heat-trapping effect, giving rise lo the phenomenon Heat Island

20. #140Practice set
    What could be the impacts of the La-Nina event on the global weather patterns and economy? I. It may result in colder winters in the Mediterranean region. 2. It greatly reduces the fishing production along the coasts of South America. 3. In North America, La Nina brings favourable condition for Hurricanes.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c Is the correct Nina events represent periods of below-average sea across the east-central Equatorial l is correct. La Nina tends to lead to Northern Europe (especially UK) and southern/western Europe leading to snow in 2 is incorrect. In South America La Nina in the South American countries of Peru It usually has a positive (not negative) the fishing industry of western South America. As water moves west, cold water from the deep rises surface near the coast of South America. This cold, nutrient-rich waters to the surface. plankton eaten by fish and crustaceans. Higher level predators, including high-value fish species such as prey on the crustaceans. This causes a great increase activities at the western coast of South 3 is correct. In North America the wider effects Nina include stronger winds along the equatorial in the Pacific. It provides favourable hurricanes in the Caribb

21. #141Practice set
    How does the Tropical cyclones differ from Extra Tropical cyclones? 1. Tropical cyclones move from west to east, whereas Extra tropical cyclones move from east to west. 2. Tropical Cyclones originate due to merger of cold and warm fronts while extra tropical cyclones originate due to a low-pressure zone at centre. IJ Fo 3. Tropical cyclones is characterised by cyclonic eye while there is absence of eye in extra tropical cyclones.How many of the statements given above arc correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct cyclones are also known as where the term "Extra-tropical" signifies that of cyclone generally occurs outside the tropics with range between and tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system and thunderstorms that originates over tropical waters and has closed low-level are three types of Tropical cyclones: Tropical Storm; Tropical Statement l is Tropical cyclonic wind movements are the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Due to the action of Coriolis force, they east to in Temperate cyclones, individual frontal for about 3 to 10 days moving in a generally west 2 is,ydones originate via merger ot cold and cyclone is intense frontogenesis involving type cyclone originates via formation of central low pressure zone surrounded by high pressure 3 is center of a tropical cyclone is known as the eye. is calm at the center with no a temperate cyclone, there is no

22. #142Practice set
    With reference to the phenomenon of Arctic Amplification, consider the following statements: 1. It refers to the increased loss of sea ice in the Arctic compared to the Antarctic region. 2. It results in an increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2 Classification of Clbnates.and Types
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct a report was released by an institute in the effects of climate change and global the Arctic region. This report found that near are rising at a faster than global average the Arctic region. This phenomenon has been scientists as 'Arctic l is incorrect: Arctic Amplification the increased divergence between the average rise due to climate change and the witnessed at Arctic Circle due to climate here the comparison is between the global average latitudes mostly) and the Arctic Circle (not and Antarctic). Hence this statement is 2 is correct: An increased temperature Arctic results in loss of sea ice, as well as melting This increase in temperatures and melting causes the methane stored as clathrates in places to escape. Methane is also a greenhouse traps 30 times more heat compared to of CO2. This also leads to an increase in one of the consequences of this phenomen

23. #143Practice set
    Which of the following is the correct description of Koeppe.n's type of climate?
    • ASun is overhead throughout the year, with a low annual range of temperature and high annual rainfall
    • BClimate present in mid-latitudes characterized by warm summers and mild winters
    • CClimate having low rainfall over the region, insufficient for the growth of plants
    • DClimate having cold winters with a large annual range of temperature
    Answer: (B) Climate present in mid-latitudes characterized by warm summers and mild winters
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct scheme of classification of climate is an based on mean annual and mean and precipitation data. Koeppen recognised climatic groups namely A, D and E. Four of based on temperature and one on temperate (mid-latitude) climates constitute type C climate. It extends from - on the eastern and western margins of climates generally have warm summers with They are grouped into four Humid subtropical, i.e., dry in winter and hot in summer Mediterranean ) Humid subtropical, i.e., no dry season and mild winter Marine west coast climate (Cfb) Important Tips Climate Groups According to Koeppen Gniup Characteristics A-Tropical Average temperature of the coldest months is or higher. B-Dry Climates Potential evaporation exceeds precipitation. C-Warm The average temperature of the Temperate coldest month of the (Mid-latitude) climates years is higher than minus but below D-Cold Sno

24. #144Practice set
    In this type of climate, rainfall occurs throughout the year. They are the regions of frontal cyclonic activity or Temperate Cyclones. It is also called as Cool Temperate Western Margin region. The climate is ideal for maximum comfort and mental alertness. Deciduous forest is the natural vegetation of this area. Which of the options given below best describes the above climatic type?
    • ABritish Type Climate
    • BChina Type Climate
    • CSteppe Type Climate
    • DSiberian Type Climate
    Answer: (A) British Type Climate
    Explanation

    a is the correct Type Climate is also called as Cool Margin Climate. They are under the the Westerlies all-round the year. They are the frontal cyclonic activity or Temperate Cyclones. throughout the year. The natural vegetation of type is deciduous forest. The deciduous trees pure stands and have greater lumbering value. The ideal for maximum comfort and mental Important Tips Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate is also called as China Type Climate. Characterized by a warm moist summer and a cool, dry winter. There is fairly uniform distribution of rainfall throughout the year. Local storms like typhoons and hurricanes occur here. Temperate Continental/Grassland Climate is also called as Steppe Climate. They lie in the Westerly wind belt, and in interiors of the continents. Grasslands are practically treeless due to continentality. Grasses are tall, fresh and nutritious and are ideal f

25. #145Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding grasslands: 1. A high annual range of temperature is found over all the temperate grasslands. 2. Savanna Grasslands are characterized by high diurnal range of temperature.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct grasslands are found in the regions with semi-arid to semi-humid climates. The Veldts of the Puszta of Hungary, the Pampas of Argentina and the Steppes, and the plains and Prairies of America are Temperate l is incorrect. In the northern hemisphere, of Temperate grasslands is continental with a of annual temperature. Temperate grassland in hemisphere is extensive and the southern hemisphere, the climate is never severe. It due to the narrowness of the temperate portions of continents. Here, the annual range of very low. Temperate grassland in the southern restricted and less continental i.e., their annual range is very 2 is correct. The tropical savanna climate is type of climate found between the and hot deserts. Other features of this climate are: Mean annual temperature is greater than C. Highest temperatures do not coincide with the period of the highest sun (e

26. #146Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Tropical Marine Climate: 1. It is experienced only along the western coast of tropical lands. 2. The rainfall here is both orographic as well as convectional. 3. It usually experiences rainfall every month of the year.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is incorrect: Tropical marine climate along the eastern coasts of tropical steady rainfall from the Trade Winds all 2 is correct: The rainfall is both the moist trades meet upland masses as in and convectional due to intense heating during and in 3 is correct: Rainfall tendency is towards maximum as in monsoon lands, but without dry period. Approximately 70 percent of the is con en.trated in the summer months. There is witlwul any Option bis the correct 1 it,; The vast landmass of the and nu ainous regions that lie in the heart cre,,te grca! pressure between the winter seasons. H resuhs in a temperate monsoon kind i.e., China type of 2 is correct: This region also known as the Asia gets intensely heated up in the summers. heating of a wider landmass leads to formation low-pressure 3 is incorrect: The creation of causes the moist air stream from the to flow in an

27. #147Practice set
    Which among the following climate types is represented by the code as given in the Koppen climate classification?
    • ATropical wet
    • BSubtropical dessert
    • CTundra
    • DHumid subtropical
    Answer: (B) Subtropical dessert
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct most widely used classification of climate is climate classification scheme developed by Koeppen identified a close relationship distribution of vegetation and climate. It is an based on mean annual and mean and precipitation data. He introduced the capital and small letters to designate climatic groups Koeppen's scheme is still popular and in desert climates are denoted as and are under the subtropical ridge in the lower or the subtropics, often between and south latitudes. In these locations, stable and high pressure aloft clear clouds and create hot, with intense sunshine

28. #148Practice set
    Which of the following is not the characteristics of the Laurentian climate?
    • AIt has features of both maritime and the continental climates
    • BPredominant vegetation is cool temperate forests
    • CAgriculture is the predominant economic activity
    • DIn Asiatic region it shows similarity with monsoon type of climate
    Answer: (C) Agriculture is the predominant economic activity
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct a is correct. Laurentian climate is an of climate between the British and the Siberian type It has features of both maritime and b is correct. The predominant vegetation is c is incorrect. Lumbering and its paper and pulp industries are the most undertaking. Agriculture is less important of the severity of the winter and its long dis correct. The rainfall regime of the in Asiatic region is similar to the tropical in India. The laurentian type here is often described temperate monsoon type climate

29. #149Practice set
    With reference to precipitation pattern around the world, consider the following pairs:Climate Climate type Characteristics 1. Precipitation with Savanna climate Winter maxima 2. Absence of distinct Equatorial climate dry season 3. A dry and Monsoon climate wet seasonHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is incorrect - Savannah Type climate has in summer and off-shore in winter. It is an alternate hot, rainy season and cool, dry season. rainfall here is mostly concentrated in with Winter maxima is in 2 is correct - Equatorial climate witnesses' which is well distributed throughout the is no month without the rain. A distinct dry those of the Savanna or the tropical monsoon climate Maximum rainfall occurs shortly after the 3 is correct - Tropical Monsoon type have seasons

30. #150Practice set
    "This type of climate is entirely confined to the western portion of continental rnasses, between and north and mli south of equator. The basic cause of this type of climate is shifting of wind belts. It is characterised by dry summer and wet winter:' Which one of the following climatic regions is described in the above given paragraph?
    • AChina Type Climate
    • BHawaiian Type Climate
    • CMediterranean Type Climate
    • DSavannah Type Climate
    Answer: (C) Mediterranean Type Climate
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Temperate Western Margin climate, aka climate is found in few areas of the world. It is to the western portion of continental and north and south of equator. The of this type of climate is shifting of wind Mediterranean type climate is characterised by climatic features - a dry and hot summer trades and a concentration of rainfall in on-shore westerlies

31. #151Practice set
    With reference to 'British Type of Climate', consider the following statements: 1. The amount of rainfall decreases eastwards with increasing distance from the sea. 2. There is only one uniform season throughout the year, which is usually not seen in the tropics. 3. The open nature of the forests in this type of climate promotes Lumbering industry.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is correct. The British type of climate rainfall throughout the year with a a slight winter or autumn maximum from Since the rain-bearing winds come from the western margins have the heaviest amount decreases eastwards with increasing the 2 is incorrect. As in other temperate regions four distinct seasons in the British climate type. can be expected in the winter months of short duration because of the comparatively 3 is correct. The open nature of the forests type of climate supports and promotes Unlike the equatorial forests, the deciduous occur in pure stands and have greater lumbering open nature of the forests with sparse undergrowth in logging operations. Easy penetration means can be saved in the movement of the logs. The are excellent for both fuel and Important Tips The Cool Temperate Western Margin climate is also known as the British type of climate.

32. #152Practice set
    Consider the following statements about animals of the colder climate/polar region: 1. To survive the harsh winters of Antarctica, male Emperor Penguins have adapted to make milk. 2. During hibernation there is a drop-in breathing rate and temperature of an animal. 3. Large Tundra animals have hollow hairs which trap air close to the body and keep them warm. 4. No specie of penguins breed during the Antarctic winter.How many of the above statements are correct!'
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. As part of the adaptations to harsh climate male Emperor Penguins can make the esophagus which can be used to feed chicks in before the female arrives back from 2 is correct. Certain animal species have adaptation that allows them to weather long time when food is scarce - they enter a state known The animal's heart and breathing rates and its body temperature drops. Depending on days or even weeks may pass without the to drink, eat or relieve 3 is correct. Large Tundra animals like and Polar Bear, hairs are unique in that they're hollow hairs help to trap air dose to the body keeps the animals 4 is incorrect. Emperor Penguins Specie the depths of the Antarctic winter, so the chicks enough to become independent during the of food

33. #153Practice set
    Which of the following is incorrect about the Koeppen's scheme regarding climatic regions of India?
    • AIt is based upon annual and monthly values of precipitation only
    • BIt accepts the native vegetation as the best expression of totality of a climate
    • CIt classifies tropical climates as those where mean monthly temperature throughout the year is over 18 degrees Celsius
    • DIt classifies the Gangetic plains and most of the North East India in a same categor
    Answer: (A) It is based upon annual and monthly values of precipitation only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct a is incorrect. The Koeppen's scheme of is based upon annual and monthly values and precipitation, not only b is correct. The scheme accepts the as the best expression of totality of a many of the climatic boundaries are vegetation. Koeppen has expressed the view that of precipitation in vegetation growth only upon precipitation, but also upon the intensity and c and d are correct. The scheme major climatic types. Eg. Tropical Climates, monthly temperature throughout the year is Celsius. Important Tips Classfication under Koeppen's scheme: Each type under the Koeppen's scheme of climatic classification is further sub-divided into sub-types on the basis of seasonal variations in the distributional pattern of rainfall and temperature. The small letters demote: f (sufficient precipitation), m (rain forest despite a dry monsoon season), w (dry season in winter), h (dr

34. #154Practice set
    Consider the following characteristic features of China type of Climate: 1. High degree of pressure variation between the summer and winter seasons. 2. Low pressure region created during the summers due to intense heating. 3. Presence of rain bearing South-west monsoon winds. 4. Very low annual temperature range.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct: The vast landmass of the and mountainous regions that lie in the heart create great changes in pressure between the winter seasons. It results in a temperate monsoon kind i.e., China type of 2 is correct: This region also known as the Asia gets intensely heated up in the summers. heating of a wider landmass leads to formation low-pressure 3 is incorrect: The creation of causes the moist air stream from the to flow in and cause rain in the form of the Monsoon (not south-west monsoon). This heavy precipitation in the northern and central parts which results in annual rainfall of 4 is incorrect: In winter, a steep pressure set up between the cold interiors of Mongolia and continental polar air stream flows outwards as the Monsoon, bitterly cold and very dry. This results in annual temperature range in this type of climate

35. #155Practice set
    This type of climate type occurs in temperate zone, which lie between the tropics and polar regions. There are semi-arid regions with enough rain to support short grasses, but not enough for tall grasses or trees to grow. These regions have been converted to cropland and pasture. The major tribes in this climate types are Kirghiz, Red Indians and Kalmuk:' Which of the Climate Types is described in the above given paragraph?
    • ASavanna climate
    • BHot desert and mid latitude desert climate
    • CSteppe Climate
    • DMediterranean climate
    Answer: (C) Steppe Climate
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Steppe Climate type occur in temperate climates, between the tropics and polar regions. have distinct seasonal temperature changes, winters and warm are semi-arid, meaning they receive 25 to of rain each year. This is enough rain short grasses, but not enough for tall grasses to grow. Many kinds of grasses grow on steppes, grow taller than half a meter (20 of the world's steppes have been converted to pasture. Short grasses that grow naturally on grazing for cattle, goats, horses, camels, and steppes are overgrazed, which occurs when more animals than the land can The major tribes of this climate type region include Kalmuk in Asiatic Steppes, Red Indians in

36. #156Practice set
    With reference to Laurentian Climatic region, Consider the following Staternents: 1. The presence of this climate type can be seen in African region of southern hemisphere. 2. This type of climate receives summer rainfall from the easterly winds from the ocean. 3. The predominant vegetation of the Laurentian type of climate is cool temperate forest.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1 and 3 only
    Answer: (C) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian) an intermediate type of climate between the British Siberian type of climate. It has features of both and the continental l is incorrect: Laurentian type of climate is in two regions. One is north-eastern North eastern Canada, north-east U.S.A. The is the eastern coastlands of Asia, including North China, Manchuria, Korea and In the southern hemisphere, the climate is so the ocean influence is so profound that neither nor the eastern margin type of climate 2 is correct: The Laurentian type of climate dry winters and warm, wet summers. In may be well below freezing-point and to quite a depth. Winter is dry and cold, because are dry Westerlies that blow out from the Though rain falls throughout the year, there is summer maximum from the easterly winds oceans. Of the annual precipitation of 30 to 60 thirds come in the 3 is c

37. #157Practice set
    Which of the following statement is the y. most appropriate reason for the relatively mild winters in British type of climate?
    • AThe North Atlantic Drift keeps winters quite mild
    • BWesterlies flow throughout the year that keeps the temperature under check
    • CIt receives winter rainfall due to the frontal cyclone that have a warming effect
    • DIt is located near Atlantic Sea that exerts maritime influence
    Answer: (A) The North Atlantic Drift keeps winters quite mild
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct type of climate is characterized by moderately and fairly mild mean annual temperatures are usually between C C. Winters are abnormally mild. This is because of effect brought by warm North Atlantic summer time, not excessively hot temperatures The British weather is dominated by which form in the Mid-Atlantic and pass Europe, bringing changeable b is incorrect. Westerlies flow throughout the they do not help in checking the winter c is incorrect. The British type of climate rainfall throughout the year with a a slight winter maximum due to frontal winter rainfall leads to decline in d is incorrect. Though the Britain is located Ocean but it experience polar cold winds too the winter colder. Unusual cold spells are caused by invasion of cold polar continental air (Polar Vortex) interiors

38. #158Practice set
    Mediterranean climate is suitable for growing a large number of fruits, what are the most suitable reasons for it: 1. Moderate and mild Climate 2. Long Summer Season 3. Moist winter seasonWhich of the above options are correct in the above context?
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct lands are also known as orchard lands. fruits are actually native of Mediterranean type fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits), olives and have long, wide-spreading roots, scant foliage with thick skins are best adapted to the uf I is correct Mediterranean climate is not is quite moderate as it lies in Sub-Tropics. citrus ones need sunshine for a fairly long 2 is correct. Here annual precipitation can be as 380-635 mm (15-25 inches) and where may last for more than six summer of Mediterranean areas favours the growth 3 is correct. Citrus fruits grow very well in they need adequate moisture, temperature and soil areas also enjoy a mild and moist hence, the crops need not get spoiled due to winters as, they are sensitive towards low temperatures. Important Tips Orchard fanning: It represents a highly specialized commercial agriculture here. The world supply of citrus

39. #159Practice set
    This type of climate is found in the northern hemisphere only. It is characterized by cold, dry winters and warm, wet summers. The summer temperature may go up as high as 25 The average annual rainfall is above 75 cm. Fishing is an important economic activity for the people living here. Which of the following type of climate is being described in the above paragraph?
    • ABritish type
    • BTaiga type
    • CLaurentian type
    • DGulf type
    Answer: (C) Laurentian type
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Climate is also known as the Cool Marine type of climate is found only in the that too only in two regions - region (eastern Canada, north-east U.S.A., and Asiatic region (eastern Siberia, Manchuria, Korea and northern is characterized by cold, dry winters and warm, Winter temperatures may fall below freezing point and snow fall is quite natural. Summers go as high as the tropics average annual rainfall ranges from 75 to 150 occurs throughout the year with summer maxima winds from the oceans bring predominant vegetation is cool temperate forest. to be coniferous north of the latitude. South the coniferous forests give way to Oak, beech, maple and birch are most is less important because of long and Fishing is an important economic activity as hosts important fishing grounds like banks fishing ground. Mixing of warm Gulf cold Labrador currents make the region the f

40. #160Practice set
    Which of the following sets of is/are correctly matched? Index Plant Most favourable Climate region 1. Teak Tropical Monsoon Climate 2. Olive Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate 3. Cactus Hot Desert Climate 4. Spruce Warm Temperate Eastern Margin ClimateSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A3 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 4 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 only
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct of the important factors determining plant growth and 1 is correct - Teak is a plant belonging to 2 is correct - Olive belongs to Mediterranean that is, warm temperate western 3 is correct - Cactus is well adapted for desert 4 is incorrect - Spruce grows naturally in Siberian or Cool temperate continental

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