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Climatology — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 2

212 solved previous year questions on Climatology, papers from 1993 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41State PCS 2010
   Winter rainfall in Tamil Nadu is mostly due to
   • AWestern disturbances
   • BSouth-West monsoon
   • CNorth-East monsoon
   • DSouth-East monsoon
   Answer: (C) North-East monsoon
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Nadu coast receives winter rainfall mostly due North-East monsoon, which occurs from October The North-East monsoon is caused by the winds from the northeast over the Bay of Bengal, moisture and rainfall to the eastern coast of Important Tips Western disturbances are low-pressure systems that originate from the Mediterranean region and affect northwestern India, especially during winter. They bring snowfall to the Himalayan regions and rainfall to the plains. South-West monsoon is the main source of rainfall for most parts of India, except for Tamil Nadu and some parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. It occurs from June to September and is caused by the southwest winds blowing from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal

2. #42UKPSC 2021
   Koppen has used which of the following words for the climate of Great Plains of India?
   • AAmw
   • BAs
   • CCwg
   • DAw
   Answer: (C) Cwg
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Great Plains of India have a humid sub-tropical with dry winter. This climate type is hot summers, mild winters, and a pronounced The Great Plains of India cover the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and parts of Rajasthan Pradesh. Important Tips Koppen climate classification system in India: According to the Koppen climate classification system, India has six major climatic subtypes: Af (tropical wet), Am (tropical monsoon), Aw (tropical wet and dry), (subtropical steppe), (subtropical desert) and Cwa (humid subtropical). Some of the characteristics of these climatic subtypes are: Af: This subtype is found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep Islands and some parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It has no dry season and receives abundant rainfall throughout the year. The average temperature of the coldest month is above Am: This subtype is found in most of th

3. #43UPSC CDS 2022
   Which one of the following climatic types (Koppen's Scheme) is best suited to describe the climate of the western fringe of Rajasthan?
   • AAmw
   • BAw
   • CBwhw
   • DCwg
   Answer: (C) Bwhw
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct western fringe of Rajasthan is best described by type Bwhw in Koppen's scheme. The climatic in Koppen's scheme represents a dry climate with evapotranspiration that exceeds precipitation. indicates that the dry season occurs during the winter months, while the h indicates hot desert conditions

4. #44UPSC CDS 2021
   Four persons are travelling to different States of India. To whom will you advise to protect oneself from blizzards?
   • AThe person travelling to Arunachal Pradesh
   • BThe person travelling to Assam
   • CThe person travelling to Tripura
   • DThe person travelling to Odisha
   Answer: (A) The person travelling to Arunachal Pradesh
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Pradesh, with its highest point reaching is more likely to experience blizzards. cold, violent, powdery polar winds that are high and mid-latitudes. Arunachal Pradesh's geographical location make it susceptible to making it important for individuals traveling state to protect themselves from blizzards

5. #45UPSC CDS 2020
   Which one of the following Indian minimum rainfall in a
   • AJodhpur
   • BLeh
   • CNew Delhi
   • DBengaluru
   Answer: (B) Leh
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct the given options, Leh receives the in a year. Leh is located in the mountainous Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Due to its and location in the rain shadow of the experiences a cold desert climate with very Important Tips A rain shadow area refers to a region of arid land situated on the side of a mountain that is sheltered from prevailing winds. Tall mountains act as barriers to the movement of moist air, resulting in reduced rainfall and dry conditions on the leeward side. However, if the mountains are sufficiently high and intercept rain-bearing winds, they can induce precipitation on the windward side while creating a rain shadow effect on the opposite side

6. #46UPSC CDS 2019
   Which one of the following is not correct regarding South India?
   • ADiurnal range of temperature is less
   • BAnnual range of temperature is less
   • CTemperature is high throughout the year
   • DExtreme climatic conditions are found
   Answer: (D) Extreme climatic conditions are found
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct India is not characterized by extreme South India generally experiences a tropical climate, which is characterized by relatively throughout the year and distinct wet seasons. However, extreme climatic conditions such cold, heavy snowfall, or arid desert-like conditions typically found in South a is correct: In South India, the diurnal of temperature is generally less compared to continental climates. The temperature remains throughout the b is correct: South India has a relatively temperature range. The temperatures do not from season to c is correct: South India experiences throughout the year due to its proximity to and the influence of the monsoon climate

7. #47Previous year
   Rains caused by thunderstorms during the hot weather season (mid-March to mid- June) in Kamataka are called [CDS 2019
   • AKalbaisakhi
   • BMango showers
   • CLoo
   • DCherry blossoms
   Answer: (D) Cherry blossoms
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct caused by thunderstorms during the hot (mid-March to mid-June) in Karnataka are blossoms." These showers occur during the pre monsoon period when the temperatures rise, and the hot conditions lead to the formation of thunderstorms. Important Tips Mango Showers are local winds in Kerala, Konkan, Goa that help in the ripening of mangoes. Kalbaisakhi or Norwesters are the local winds in Bengal. It is known as Bardoichila in Assam. Loo is the local wind flowing in the summers in the Indo-Gangetic plains

8. #48UPSC CDS 2018
   South Arcot and Ramanathapuram receive over 50 percent of their annual rainfall from which one of the following?
   • ASouth-West monsoon
   • BNorth-East monsoon
   • CBay of Bengal branch of summer monsoon
   • DWestern disturbances
   Answer: (B) North-East monsoon
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Arcot and Ramanathapuram receive over 50 their annual rainfall from the North-East monsoon. monsoon, also known as the winter the retreating monsoon, occurs during the months to December in the southern peninsular region regions of South Arcot and Ramanathapuram, the east coast of Tamil Nadu, are influenced by monsoon. These areas receive a of their annual rainfall during this season, North-East monsoon the primary source of these regions

9. #49Previous year
   Which one of the following places of India experiences highest atmospheric pressure during winter?
   • AJaisalmer
   • BLeh
   • CChennai
   • DGuwahati
   Answer: (B) Leh
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct is located in the high-altitude region of Ladakh, northern part of India. During winter, the extremely cold temperatures and clear high elevation and cold temperatures result in a pressure compared to other places in the winter season

10. #50Previous year
    Which one among the following stations receives maximum rainfall? [CAPF 2020)
    • AHyderabad
    • BBengaluru
    • CDelhi
    • DRaipur
    Answer: (D) Raipur
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct the capital of Chhattisgarh, receives the The average annual rainfall in Raipur is (58.9 inches), The city receives most of during the monsoon season, which runs from September. Hyderabad receives average annual 1,250 millimeters (49.2 inches) compared to millimeters (46.2 inches) and Delhi's 642 inches)

11. #51UPSC CAPF 2014
    Which one among the following is the most plausible explanation for the location of the Thar Desert in Western India?
    • APrevalence of sand dunes
    • BThe evaporation of moisture by heat
    • CThe absence of mountains to the North of Rajasthan to cause orographic rainfall in it
    • DThe Moisture carried by the South-West Monsoon is driven away by the dry upper at current
    Answer: (C) The absence of mountains to the North of Rajasthan to cause orographic rainfall in it
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct most plausible explanation for the location of the in Western India is the absence of mountains to of Rajasthan that could cause orographic rainfall region. Unlike other areas where mountains can by forcing moist air to rise, the Thar Desert mountain ranges in its northern vicinity. Range in southern Rajasthan acts as a moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea the northern parts of the region. As a result, experiences arid or semi-arid conditions, leading formation of the Thar Important Tips Different types of rainfall in India: Convectional rainfall: is caused by the sun heating the ground, which causes the air above it to warm up and rise. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds. When the water droplets in the clouds become too large, they fall as rain. Convectional rainfall i, common in tropical regions, where the sun is strong, and the air is

12. #52UPPCS 2008
    The largest producer of coconut in the world is
    • ABrazil
    • BIndia
    • CIndonesia
    • DPhilippines
    Answer: (B) India
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct south-west monsoon winds originate from the and blow towards the Indian subcontinent summer season. They bring moisture-laden air heavy rainfall in most parts of India. The is also known as the summer monsoon or the in India. Important Tips Trade winds: These are permanent winds that blow from the subtropical high-pressure belts to the equatorial low-pressure belts in both hemispheres. They are called northeast trade winds in the northern hemisphere and southeast trade winds in the southern hemisphere. They are important for sailing and navigation. Westerlies: These are permanent winds that blow from the subtropical high-pressure belts to the subpolar low pressure belts in both hemispheres. They are called southwest westerlies in the northern hemisphere and northwest westerlies in the southern hemisphere. They are responsible for bringing rainfall to the western c

13. #53UPPCS 2001
    Which of the following is correctly matched?
    • AEskimo - Canada
    • BOraon - Japan
    • CLapps - India
    • DGonds - Africa
    Answer: (A) Eskimo - Canada
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct (A) is true: Agra and Darjeeling lie on nearly iatitude - close to 27-degree North. However, at a higher altitude compared to Agra. Darjeeling is an altitude of 21 whereas Agra is present at (R) is true and correctly explains Assertion (A): (R) provides a correct explanation for why Agra despite being on the same latitude, have in January. Agra is located in the plains, is in a hilly/mountainous region. This elevation leads to variations in temperature. As in altitude, the temperature tends to decrease. why mountainous regions, like Darjeeling, which is in foothills, tend to be cooler compared to Agra

14. #54JPSC 2013
    The first cotton mill of India was established at
    • ABombay
    • BAhmedabad
    • CBaroda
    • DCalcutta
    Answer: (D) Calcutta
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct receives very little rain because of its geographical 1: ( r J 1. and the orientation of the Aravalli range. The ( Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon that causes in western and south-western India runs parallel to range and thus hardly causes any rainfall as do not get interrupted (winds do not come across barriers to cause the necessary uplift to cool the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon also fails to reach Rajasthan as it is blocked by the Himalayas and the Vindhya range. Therefore, the winds that reach Rajasthan are dry and do not bring any moisture. ORISSA ! '_ 1 - ) /

15. #55UPPCS 1998
    Which of the following rivers flows through a rift valley? where heights and depths are measured data zero-degree meridian
    • AAmazon
    • BIndus
    • CVolga
    • DRhine H3. Datum line
    Answer: (A) Amazon
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct has the highest albedo of any natural up to of incoming sunlight. Barren surfaces have an albedo of about have an albedo of about and mangrove an albedo of about Solution: Option a is the correct l is correct: Inversion of temperature refers situation where the normal decrease in temperature altitude is inverted, and temperature height. It is a deviation from the typical 2 is correct: Inversion of temperature often clear and calm nights in winter when the ground rapidly through radiation. The cool air near the denser and sinks, creating a stable layer of cold the ground, which traps warmer air above it. This the inversion of 3 is incorrect: Inversion of temperature in various regions and under different including both polar and non-polar regions. not strictly a short-term phenomenon and can persist days or even weeks under favorable conditions. Important Tips Diff

16. #56UPSC CDS 2020
    Which one of the following cities is closest to the Equator?
    • AMogadishu
    • BSingapore
    • CColombo
    • DManila
    Answer: (C) Colombo
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct the Hadley cell thermal circulation, the air descends high-pressure cells. The Hadley cell the equator and subtropics, with warm air rising intertropical convergence zone. Important Tips The Hadley cell, present in both hemispheres between 10 and 30 degrees latitude, is a solar cell driven by high solar insolation. At the equator, intense heating leads to the rising of air, which then cools and forms the anti trade wind moving away from the pole. This ascending air reaches the upper atmosphere around 30 degrees latitude, where it descends, creating subtropical high-pressure systems. The cell is completed by the trade winds, which blow from the high-pressure region towards the equator. The Hadley cell is known for its stability and is associated with tropical monsoons and desert climates

17. #57UPSC CAPF 2020
    Singapore is known as Port of Call because
    • Ait deals in the processing and shipping of oil
    • Bit is a deep-water port built away from the actual port
    • Cit is on main sea route where ships use to anchor for refuelling, watering and taking food items
    • Dit serves the parent ports by receiving the ships which are unable to approach due to their large size
    Answer: (C) it is on main sea route where ships use to anchor for refuelling, watering and taking food items
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Mediterranean climates have and dry summers, while monsoon climates have and dry 2 is incorrect: The annual range of higher in monsoon climates than in This is because monsoon climates are the tropics, where the temperature difference and winter is greater. The Mediterranean characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry where the temperature range is generally the 3 is correct: Both Mediterranean and have rainy and dry seasons. In the the winter season is typically rainy, while season is dry. In the Monsoon climate, there is distinction between the wet monsoon season and season, with the monsoon bringing the majority of precipitation

18. #58Previous year
    Which one of the following has the largest harbour in the world? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005)
    • ALondon
    • BColombo
    • CRotterdam
    • DNew York
    Answer: (A) London
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer. Chaparrals are evergreen shrublands that are found in regions with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot dry summers and mild wet winters. Chaparrals are the dominant vegetation of coastal and inland mountain areas of southwestern North America, especially California and northern Maquis are dense thickets of evergreen shrubs and small trees that are found in regions with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot dry summers and mild wet winters. Maquis are the dominant vegetation of southern Europe, especially around the Mediterranean Sea. Fynbos are heathlands of low-growing shrubs and herbs that are found in regions with a Mediterranean cliinate, characterized by hot dry summers and mild wet winters. Fynbos are the dominant vegetation of the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa, which is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots Malle scrubs

19. #59State PCS 2008
    Generally, where are coral reefs found?
    • AIn temperate climate above
    • BBetween Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn coastal areas
    • COn both east and west coasts of continents and islands only
    • DOn colder seacoasts
    Answer: (A) In temperate climate above
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is correct- The Doldrums, also known as Convergence Zone (ITCZ), is a region Equator where the trade winds from the Northern Hemispheres converge. Due to the trade winds, the air becomes relatively calm, resulting and variable is correct- The Equator receives direct sunlight, which heats the surface and causes the rise. As the air rises, it creates a region of low rising air then moves towards the poles, resulting in and southward travel. Polar Easterlies Westerlies Northeast Trade Winds Doldrums Southeast Latitudes Polar Easterlies

20. #60State PCS 2016
    Golden Quadrilateral Project of India joins
    • ADelhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata
    • BDelhi-Jhansi- Bengaluru-Kanyakumari
    • CSrinagar-Delhi-Kanpur-Kolkata
    • DPorbandar-Bengaluru-Kolkata-Kanpur
    Answer: (B) Delhi-Jhansi- Bengaluru-Kanyakumari
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Sahara: The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world, covering most of North Africa. It has an arid climate with very low rainfall and high temperatures. The average annual temperature is around and can reach up to in some Antarctica: Antarctica is the southernmost continent and the coldest place on Earth. It has a polar climate with extremely low temperatures and strong average annual temperature is around and can drop to at the Vostok research station, which is the lowest temperature ever recorded on Cherrapunji: Cherrapunji is a town in Meghalaya, India, that is one of the wettest places in the world. It has a subtropical highland climate with heavy monsoonal rainfall. The average annual rainfall is around 11,777 mm (463 in) and can reach up to 26,000 mm (1,024 in) in some years. The town holds the record for the greatest rainfall in 48 hours, with 2,493 m

21. #61State PCS 2015
    Which one of the following is known as the 'Coffee port' of the world?
    • ASao Paulo
    • BSantos
    • CRio de Janeiro
    • DBuenos Aires
    Answer: (B) Santos
    Explanation

    especially in the afternoon when the Sun's heat is at its Option b is the correct answer. The Mediterranean climate is characterized by dry is the transfer of heat energy through a vacuum. hot summers and mild and wet winters. The rainfall a clear night, there are no clouds to block the Earth's mostly concentrated in the winter months, while from escaping into space. As a result, the Earth's summer months are usually cools down. Monsoon climate is marked by seasonal changes on the other hand, act like a blanket and trap the wind direction and precipitation. The monsoon radiation. This prevents the Earth's surface from typically experiences a wet season and a dry down as much as it would on a clear night. Therefore, depending on the movement of the monsoon winds. sky nights are cooler than cloudy sky nights due to wet season usually lasts from June to September, the dry season lasts from

22. #62State PCS 2015
    The line joining the areas having the same rainfall is called
    • AIsobar
    • BIsohyet
    • CIsotherm
    • DIsohaline
    Answer: (B) Isohyet
    Explanation

    formation of hematite over goethite. Terra Rossa has Option b is the correct answer. drainage properties and a neutral pH, making it suitable equatorial zone is a region near the equator that wine production. It is found in Mediterranean regions high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout karst areas worldwide, including wine-growing regions year. The rainfall is often accompanied by thunderstorms, La Mancha in Spain and various parts of Australia. INDIA unit consists of questions from Location Natural Vegation and Soils in India

23. #63Practice set
    With reference to the planets in the solar system, consider the following statements: 1. The terrestrial planets rotate slower than the Jovian planets. 2. The solar wind has removed more Jmounts dust from the terrestrial planets than the Jovian planets. 3. The terrestrial planets have higher gravity as compared to the Jovian planets.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct: Unlike the spherical shapes planets, the Jovian planets are all slightly Jovian planets rotate much faster than any of planets. Gravity by itself would make a but their rapid rotation flattens out their by movement of the materials outwards from 2 is correct: The solar wind is most the sun; so, it blew off lots of gas and dust from planets. The solar winds were not all that cause similar removal of gases from the Jovian terrestrial planets are smaller and their lower not hold the escaping 3 is incorrect: The force of gravity is to the mass of the two bodies in question. that the more massive a body is, the more gravity The Jovian planets have greater gravitational the terrestrial planets because of lheir great result in stronger gravitational fields. Important Tips Inner and outer planets: Out of the eight planets, mercury, Venus, earth and mars are

24. #64Practice set
    With reference to the evolution of Earth, consider the following statements: 1. The primordial atmosphere consisted majorly of hydrogen and helium gases. 2. The process of degassing allowed addition of water vapour, nitrogen and carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. 3. Oxygen was added into the atmosphere through photosynthesis only after the life developed on land. v M 0 ca; A ii'.Jj THE OF EARTH How many of the statements given above are correct? of the atmosphere. the atmosphere and hits the ground, it's called a meteor. of dust particles traveling through atmosphere burns. meteoroids that burns in the atmosphere. 5. With reference to the Earth's satellite moon, consider the following statements: 1. Only one side of the moon is visible from the earth because the moon takes exactly the same time to rotate around its axis as the time taken by it to revolve around the earth. 2. Due to moon's gravity, the rotation speed of Earth is decreasing. Which of the statements given above are correct? 6. Consider the following phenomenon with respect to motion of earth: 1. Earth experiencing daylight and darkness. 2. Sun is vertically above the equator for two days every year. 3. Change in lengths of day and night. 4. High temperature in summers and low temperature in winters.How many of the phenomenon occur due to revolution of earth?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone 4
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. There are three stages in the evolution of the Solar winds removing primordial gases Degassing added nitrogen and carbon dioxide leading to addition of l is correct: The first stage is marked by of primordial atmosphere. The early atmosphere, and helium, is supposed to have been stripped a result of the solar 2 is correct: In the second stage, gases and were released from the interior solid earth. through which the gases were outpoured from is called degassing. Continuous volcanic water vapour and gases to the atmosphere. to addition of water vapour, nitrogen, carbon ammonia and very little of free oxygen to 3 is incorrect: In the third stage, the the atmosphere was modified by the living world process of photosynthesis. Around 2,500-3,000 before the present, the process of photosynthesis Life was confined to the oceans for a long began to have contrlhntio

25. #65Practice set
    Terrestrial planets are comparatively smaller in size than Jovian Planets. 2. Terrestrial Planets have a much thicker atmosphere compared to Jovian planets.Which of the statements given above is/are correct? day and night on Earth. system. had lesser temperature than at the poles. Consider the following statements
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is Waler vapor is Earth's most gas. It is responsible for about half of effect - the process that occurs when gases atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. Greenhouse our planet liveable. It absorbs parts of the the sun and preserves the earth's radiated heat. It like a blanket allowing the earth neither to become nor too 2 is correct: Water vapour is a variable gas in which decreases with altitude. Water from the equator towards the poles. The of water vapour are found near the the oceans and tropical rain 3 is correct: Water vapour has several functional roles on our planet. It energy on the Earth through latent heat Heat radiated from Earth's surface is absorbed vapor molecules in the lower atmosphere. The molecules, in turn, radiate heat in all directions. the heat returns to the Earth's surface. Thus, water a second source of warmth (in addition to sunlight) at sur

26. #66Practice set
    In a Lunar eclipse, Moon's shadow falls on Earth, while in a Solar eclipse, Earth casts a shadow onto Moon. 2. Lunar eclipse can occur only during a new Solar eclipse occur only during a full moon.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct (A) is correct: The Tropic of Cancer halfway through India. So, the part below the Cancer falls within the Torrid zone and exhibits the upper half of the country which lies in Zone, also does not exhibit the kind of climate expected in such areas. Most of India has a Humid Climate characteristic of Tropical climate only half of its territory being in the tropical (R) is correct: The Himalayas separate the from the rest of Asia by acting as a barrier. It prevents the moisture laden from escaping onto Tibet, forcing these winds to moisture in India's Plains. Likewise, during prevents the extremely cold winds coming from China from entering North India, thereby cold winters. So, the Reason is also a the Himalayas prevent the climate of Northern half from becoming very extreme and stops the which keeps the climate hot and humid, the Reason correct explanation of the A

27. #67Practice set
    With reference to characteristics of the Sun, consider the following statements: 1. It was formed due to collapse of nebula under its own gravity. 30. 2. Its core generates energy by converting hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion. 3. It emits steady stream of charged particles called solar winds. 4. Solar flares are large eruptions of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (D) All four
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct about 864,000 miles ( 1.4 million kilometres) wide, the times wider than Earth, and it accounts for more percent of the solar system's total l is correct. The sun was formed more than years ago when a cloud of dust and gas called collapsed under its own gravity. As it did, the and flattened into a disk, with sun forming at its disk's outskirts later accreted into our solar Earth and the other 2 is correct. Deep in the sun's core, converts hydrogen to helium, which Particles of light called photons carry this energy top layer of the solar interior, the convection zone. plasmas rise and fall, which transfers energy to the called the 3 is correct. The steady stream of ti cl es that is radiated by the sun in addition to light are known as the solar wind. The wind blows about (450 kilometres) a second throughout the solar the sun's magnetic field out more than 10 Beyon

28. #68Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. In the absence of atmosphere, earth's surface temperature would increase considerably. 2. Earth's magnetic field is the result of convection currents in its deep inner core. lrllr PractkebookWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    option a is the correct are eight planets in our solar system. These can into two groups: the four rocky planets nearest Sun are called Terrestrial Planets, and the four gas Jovian Planets beyond the asteroid l is correct: Terrestrial Planets are in size and have relatively higher density compared 2 is incorrect: Jovian planets are generally the terrestrial planets and have thick of helium and hydrogen. The solar wind was nearer the sun; so, it blew off lots of gas and the terrestrial planets. Important Tips Atmosphere of Terrestrial and Jovian Planets: The atmosphere of terrestrial planets contain very little hydrogen and helium. Mercury and Mars have solid iron cores, while the solid cores of Venus and Earth contain iron and nickel. On the other hand, the Jovian Planets or the gas giants have deep, often stormy atmospheres. Unlike the rocky planets, these planets do not have solid surf

29. #69Practice set
    Which of the following are among the characteristics of 'acidic' lava? 1. Low melting point 2. High in silicates 3. Covers longer distances 4. Explosive eruptionsSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B2, 3 and 4 only
    • C2 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (C) 2 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct are openings, or vents where lava, tephra and steam erupt on to the Earth's magmas have high melting points, high high in silicates, high gas pressure, but solubility at low containing pressure.Therefore, is characterized by explosive eruptions in amounts of pyroclastic material are generated. It steep sided dome. Acidic lava flows are usually Composite volcanoes. Acidic lava is highly viscous only for a short lava has low viscosity so, it can flow very easily distances

30. #70Practice set
    Consider the following pairs:Types of Sand Features Dunes 1. Barchans Crescent-shaped with a steep slip face 2. Linear dunes Pointed ridges and slip faces on at least three sides. 3. Dome dunes Circular in shape and do not have a slip face 4. Parabolic U-shaped with dunes vegetation anchored tipsHow many ot the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four ok
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correctly matched: A barchan sand dune is dune. It has a steep slip face whose away from the wind. The dunes are separated other and keep moving along the surface of the 2 is incorrectly matched: Linear sand dunes are type of sand dunes in the world. They are and snake-like in Star dunes have pointed ridges and slip faces least three sides. Star dunes develop where winds many different 3 is correctly matched: Dome dunes are the rarest dune. They are circular and do not have a slip face. can blow material onto the dune from any 4 is correctly matched: U-shaped mounds of sand noses trailed by elongated arms are parabolic parabolic sand dune is an inverted crescent-shaped has vegetation-anchored tips

31. #71Practice set
    Which of the following are erosional desert landforms? 1. Barchans 2. Loess 3. Hoodoos 4. Mesas 5. InselbergsSelect the correct answer from the code given below
    • A2, 3 and 4 only
    • B3, 4 and 5 only
    • C1, 3, 4, and 5 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
    Answer: (B) 3, 4 and 5 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 and 2 are incorrect: Barchans and examples of depositional landforms of the are primarily crescent-shaped sand dunes that to shift while facing the wind with intensity from direction. Loess is defined as sediment that entrained, transported, and deposited by the wind dominated by silt-sized (50-2 µm diameter) particles. Option 3 is correct: Hoodoos are tall, thin spires of rock formed by the erosive action of wind and water on formations. They are also an example of an 4 is correct: Mesas are flat-topped hills with that are formed by the erosion of softer rock layers harder, underlying rock formations. They are also of an erosional desert 5 is correct: Inselbergs are isolated hills or rise abruptly from a plain or desert floor. They by the exposure of hard, resistant rock that has and eroded over time

32. #72Practice set
    Which of the following are depositional landforms? 1. Moraines 2. Barchans 3. Hanging valley 4. Sink holesSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 4 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 only
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct. Moraines - Depositional glaciers: moraines, drumlins, eskers, outwash plain, are long ridges of deposits of glacial till. 2 is correct. Barchans Depositional Wind: Sand dunes, Ripple marks, Barchans, etc. Crescent shaped dunes with the points or wings from wind direction i.e., 3 is incorrect. Hanging valley is an A characteristic feature of glaciated a hanging valley is a tributary to a main has been deeply scoured by glacial ice, leaving valley "hanging" above the main 4 is incorrect. cavities in that form when water erodes an underlying It is an erosional feature

33. #73Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are correct with reference to Exogenetic forces? l. They are generated from the atmosphere due to varying combination of temperature and moisture. 2. They are called destructional forces as they are engaged in the destruction of relief features.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct: Exogenetic forces are called forces which are generated from the to varying combination of temperature and and weathering are its two principal 2 is correct: Endogenetic forces are creation of relief features, that's why they are developers. These variables are by exogenetic forces, reason why they are destructional forces

34. #74Practice set
    With reference to geomorphic processes, consider the following statements: 1. The movement of the lithospheric plates due to the convectional currents in the mantle is the cause behind endogenic processes. 2. An example of endogenic processes include diastrophism which refers to deformation of the Earth's crust.Which of the above statements is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is In general terms, the are mainly land building forces and the are mainly land wearing ultimate source of energy behind is earth's internal heat which is a result radioactive decay. Differences in temperature (temperature gradients or geothermal and pressure gradients) among various layers of the rise to density differences and these density rise to conventional currents. The Earth's effect) can influence where convection Thus, the movement of the lithospheric plates the convectional currents is the cause behind 2 is correct. Diastrophism and volcanism geomorphic processes since they help in of newer landforms on earth. Important Tips Diastrophism: All processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth's crust are collectively referred to as diastrophism. They include: (i) orogenic processes that help in mountain building through process of folding

35. #75Practice set
    Which of the following are the activating causes of mass movement? 1. Alteration of water levels in lakes and reservoirs. 2. Hydration of clay minerals. 3. Freezing of water in cracks. 4. Swaying of trees in winds.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1, 2 and 4 only
    • B3 and 4 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct l is correct. The permeability of slope the dissipation of pore water pressure in the water level drawdown. However, if the high enough, the effect of the permeability change on time of pore water pressure will not be the mitigation and prevention of landslide with soil in reservoir, more attention should on the drainage of ground water to quickly pore water pressure after water level drawdown 2 is correct. Clay is a weathering product of contributes to landsiide occurrence because of and physical properties. It is believed that rainfall in a region not only contributes to of the rock mass, but also increases the in the days that leads to reduction in the natural slopes. This results in mass movements in an 3 is correct. Although water is not always as the transporting in mass it does play an important role. The addition from rainfall or snow melting adds weight t

36. #76Practice set
    Which of the following statements is incorrect with regard to the phenomena of Waves?
    • AWater moves from one place to another through waves
    • BSteep waves are fairly young while slow and steady waves or iginate from faraway places
    • CThe maximum wave height is determined by the strength of the wind
    • DWave breaks when the depth of water is less than half the wavelength of the wave
    Answer: (A) Water moves from one place to another through waves
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct a is incorrect. Water in the waves does but the wave trains move ahead. Waves are energy, not the water as such, which moves across surface. Water particles only travel in a small a wave passes. Energy to surface water is provided by is through the ocean currents that the water moves one place to b is correct. A wave size and shape reveal Steep waves are fairly young ones and by local wind. Slow and steady waves faraway places, possibly in another c is correct. Most of the waves are caused by driving against water. The maximum wave height by the strength of the wind, i.e. how long and the area over which it blows in a single travel because wind pushes the water body in while gravity pulls the crests of the waves falling water pushes the former troughs upward, and moves to a new d is correct. As a wave approaches the beach, down. This is due to the friction occurri

37. #77Practice set
    With reference to aquatic ecosystems, consider the following statements: 1. Increased concentration of suspended particulate matter limits the photosynthetic activity. 2. In profundal zone there is a rapid increase in photosynthetic activity. 3. Increase in the temperature of water body decreases the amount of dissolved oxygen. - GEHow many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct. Suspended particulate matters clay, silt, phytoplankton, etc make the water consequently limits the light penetration and activity in water thus causing decrease of aquatic 2 is incorrect. Aphotic zone also known as zone has low light penetration and is poor thus has low 3 is correct. The amount of dissolved water is also influenced by temperature. Oxygen soluble in warm water. Warm water also decomposition activity. Therefore, increasing of water body increase the rate at is depleted from water. Hence, as the the water increases, dissolved oxygen levels decrease

38. #78Practice set
    With reference to vertical temperature distribution of oceans, consider the following statements: 1. The rate of decrease of temperature with depths is greater at the equator than at the poles. 2. The maximum temperature of the oceans water is at the surface.Which of the statements given,ibove is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBothl and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Bothl and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. The rate of decrease of is greater at the equator than at the the surface temperature of the seas decreases towards the poles but the temperature at the is uniform from the equator towards the pole, which means that the rate of decrease of temperature depth is more rapid near the equator than 2 is correct. The maximum temperature of is at their surfaces because they the heat from the sun and the heat is the lower sections of the oceans through the process

39. #79Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding temperature variability in the atmosphere: 1. The temperature decreases with the increase in altitude throughout the atmosphere. 2. The air temperature at the tropopause is greater over the equator than over the poles.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBothl and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Bothl and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l h incorrect - The altitude till Troposphere. It remains nearly Tropopause. Then it starts increasing in temperature decreases with altitude in decreases in RAPHY Statement 2 is incorrect - The air temperature at is about minus over the equator minus over the poles

40. #80Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. The thickness of troposphere is greater at the poles than at the equator. 2. The stratosphere contains majority of the ozone layer. 19. 3. In thermosphere temperature decreases rapidly with increasing height.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. The thickness of greater at the equator as the heated air rises to 2 is correct. Most ozone (about is the stratosphere, which begins about 10-16 miles) above Earth's surface and extends up to kilometers (31 miles) altitude. The stratospheric the highest ozone concentration is commonly the "ozone layer". The ozone layer extends over the with some variation in altitude and 3 is incorrect. In thermosphere rapidly with increasing height. Temperature at limit reaches up to 1700-degree C

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