UPSC Prelims PYQ › Ancient & Medieval › Jainism, Buddhism & Sects

Jainism, Buddhism & Sects — UPSC Prelims Ancient & Medieval previous year questions — page 2

77 solved previous year questions on Jainism, Buddhism & Sects, papers from 1991 to 2023, drawn from UPPCS, UPSC CSE Prelims, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41State PCS 2007
   Who among the folfowing dfd.ties is represented in art as the plough?
   • AKrishna
   • BBalarama
   • CKartikeya
   • DMaitreya
   Answer: (A) Krishna
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct the 23rd Tirthankara of the Jainas, was years ago in Varanasi on the Paush Krishna Ekadashi. Departing his home at embraced monkhood, and after 83 days of he achieved Kaivalyagyan (complete the 84th day, obtaining enlightenment on the of Varanasi. His symbol is the snake. Important Tips Mahavira, also called Vardhamana, was the 24th Tirthankara in Jainism. His name comes from the special dreams his mother had before he was born, where a bull (Rishabha) appeared. He was the next spiritual leader after the 23rd Tirthankara, Parshvanatha. Born in ancient India during the early part of the 6th century BCE, Mahavira came from a royal Jain family. His mother's name was Trishala, and his Father's name was Siddhartha. The first Tirthankara of Jainism was Rishabhanatha, who started the religion

2. #42UPPCS 2000
   For the first time, the token currency was introduced in India by: (a) Muhammad-Bin -Qasim
   • AAkbar (b) Mahmud of Ghazni
   • BAlauddin Khalji (c) Sher Shah
   • CBahlul Lodi (d) Akbar
   • DMuhammad-Bin-Tughluq 60. In the course of pilgrimage, Emperor
   Answer: (C) Bahlul Lodi (d) Akbar
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct answer. Mahabhinishkramana is the Sanskrit word for "Great I. Departure". It is the event in the life of the Buddha i. when he left his home, his family, and his wealth to seek enlightenment. He was 29 years old at the time. Important Tips The significant moments in Buddha's life are depicted using symbols. Here are the events and their symbols: Birth (Janma) is represented by the Lotus and Bull symbols. Renunciation (Mahabhinishkramana) is depicted by the Horse symbol. Enlightenment (Nirvana/Sambodhi) is symbolized by the Bodhi tree. The first Sermon (Dharmachakra Pravartana) is represented by the Wheel symbol. j Death (Maha Parinirvana) is depicted using the Stupa symbol

3. #43Practice set
   Which of the following statements about the king of Magadha is/are correct? 1. He maintained a friendly relationship with the kingdom of Vaisali throughout his reign. 2. He was instrumental in convening the first Buddhist Council at Rajagriha.Select the correct answer using the code given below: and there was royal absolutism in the empire. appointed as the head of the provinces. the Mauryan pe riod economic activities under its realm
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2 1 06
   Answer: (B) 2 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct reign of Ajatasatru was remarkable for his He fought against Kosala and Vaisali. He great success against a formidable confederacy led lichchvis of Vaisali. This had increased his power 1 is incorrect: Ajatashatru did not have a with the kingdom of Vaisali. Despite his a Lichchhavi princess, he did not hesitate to against Vaisali, which was ultimately de stroyed after 2 is correct: Ajatashatru is credited the first Buddhist council at Rajagriha, which over by the monk Mahakasyapa

4. #44Practice set
   Cmisider the following staternents with respect to the ancient Vajji state: 1. It was ruled by not one but many rulers in the sangha form 2. Women were usually not allowed to participate in public assernblies 3. Local shrines were maintained in both towns and villages.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three I
   • DNone 1
   Answer: (C) All three I
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct was one of the sixteen mahajanapadas of It was a confederacy of eight or nine clans. The dynasty was that of the Lichchhavis with at I is correct: Vajji was under a different form known as gana or sangha. In a gana or a were not one, but many rulers. Sometimes, of men ruled together, each one was known as These rajas performed rituals together. Both Mahavira belonged to ganas or 2 is correct: Various rulers met in assemblies what had to be done and how, through debate. For example, if they were attacked by an met to discuss what should be done to meet the women, dasas and kammakaras could in these 3 is correct: Chaityas (local shrines) were in both towns and villages. Wise saints different beliefs were respected and allowed and leave the country freely. Important Tips Other features of Vajji state: They held full and frequent public assemblies. They followed estab

5. #45Practice set
   Arrange the following events in a chronological order according to their occurrence in Indian history: 1. First Buddhist council 2. Alexander's invasion of India 3. Ashoka fought the Battle of Kalinga 4. Establishment of Nalanda universitySelect the correct answer from the code given below
   • A1-2-3-4
   • B2-1-3-4
   • C2-4-1-3
   • D4-1 -3-2
   Answer: (A) 1-2-3-4
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1: First Buddhist Council was held soon after of the Buddha, around 483 BC patronage of King Ajatshatru and was presided a 2: In 326 BC, Alexander invaded India, the river Indus he advanced towards Taxila. He king Porus, ruler of the kingdom between Jhelum and 3: As per the 13th Major Rock Edict, Ashoka battle in the 8th year of his reign in It the bloodshed in this war, had a deep impact which ultimately changed his personality from to a saint as a result of which he gave up the policy and adopted the policy of 4: Kumaragupta (Shakraditya) of the Gupta Nalanda University in modern Bihar in the century AD, and it flourished for 600 years until century

6. #46Practice set
   With reference to Mahajanapadas, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Sixteen Mahajanapadas were mentioned in the Buddhist literature Anguttara Nikaya. 2. The kingdoms of Mahajanapadas were extended upto the river Godavari in the South.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct I is correct: The Buddhist literature mentioned a list of 16 great kingdoms called 2 is correct: As you can see the kingdom of was situated near the river Godavari in the The kingdoms of Mahajanapadas extended near the in the South, in the foothills of the Himalayas south of these, and in north-western India in bounded on the east by the river Champa. Important Tips The Anguttara Nikaya's list of the mahajanapadas is as follows: Kasi (Kashi), Kosala (Koshala), Anga, Magadha, Vajji (Vrijji), Malla, Chetiya (Chedi), Vamsa (Vatsa), Kuru, Panchala, Machchha (Matsya), Shurasena, Assaka (Ashmaka), Avanti, Gandhara, and Kamboja. Two kinds of states are included in the list of mahajanapadas mon archies (rajyas) and non monarchical states known as ganas or sanghas

7. #47Practice set
   Consider the following statements: 1. During the famine in Magadha, the Jain monks went south under the leadership of Bhadrabahu. 2. The Svetambaras were organized under the leadership of Sthulabhadra. 3. Chandragupta (Vikramaditya), the Gupta king gave up his throne under the influence of Jainism.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is correct: In about 79 CE Magadha by severe famine. Some of the Jain monks under the leadership of Bhadrabahu to maintain discipline. They remained without garments and as Digambaras (space-clad or naked) 2 is correct: The Jain monks who stayed organized und er the leaders hip of Sthulabhadra white garments, they were known as 3 is incorrect: The Gupta King did not leave und er the influence of was Chandragupta Maurya (322-298 BC) who became a, gave up his throne and spent the last year of his life as a Jaina ascetic

8. #48Practice set
   Consider the following statements regarding the Kalabhras kingdom: 1. Kalabhras brought an end to the rule of the Pallavas in South India. 2. The rulers of Kalabhras were patrons of the Jain and Buddhist religions.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (B) 2 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct period between the Sangam Age and the roughly between c. 300 CE and 600 CE is known age of Kalabhras in the history of 1 is incorrect: The Kalabhrns brought an the rule of the Pallavas, likewise, the Kalabhras cause for the decline of the early Pandyas. The the rule of Kalabhras is called an interregnum or 'dark earlier 2 is correct: The rulers of the Kalabhras patrons of the Jain and Buddhist religions. The of the period takes it as a period of to enlarged state societies under the Pallavas northern Tamilnadu and the Pandyas in the south sixth century onwards. To start with, the rulers of states were patrons of the Jain and Buddhist gradually they came under the spell of the religion emerging in the form of the of Saivism and Vaishnavism. But the influence of Buddhist religions on the general society was so to evoke much aversion from the Bhakti saints

9. #49Practice set
   Consider the following statements: 1. The narrative texts of the Sangam literature are called Melkannakku. 2. Tolkappiyam was authored by Tolkappiyar.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • BJain pilgrimage centres
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2 184
   Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is correct. The Sangam literature can divided into two groups - narrative texts and The narrative texts of the Sangam literature are or Eighteen Major Works. The didactic the Sangam literature are called kilkanakku.or 2 is correct. Pathinenkilkanakku works which give details about the ethics The most important among these works authored by Thiruvalluvar. by Tolkappiyar, is a work on Tamil provides insights on the political and of the time

10. #50Practice set
    With reference to famous Tamil epic known as the Cilappatikaran, consider the following statements: 1. Akam and Puram themes form the crucial part of Cilappatikaran. 2. Cilappatikaran is a Hindu text which is mostly influenced by the Hindu philosophy.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 Only
    • B2 Only For u
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 and 2 20 1
    Answer: (A) 1 Only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is col'rect. The akam or love and putam praise of Kings and their deeds are two which form a crucial part of the text fact, most of the poems belonging to what is called are based on these two main themes known and puram. In that sense, the Sangam Literature is 2 is incorrect. The Cilappatikaran is a with larger overtones of Jain philosophy and is a Buddhist text with a heavy influence theology. It is because unlike the poetry written during the Sangam period, the two epics and Manikekhalai were composed after period during the Buddhist and the Jajn periods Nadu

11. #51Practice set
    With reference to Sunga Dynasty, consider the following statements: 1. Sungas followed Brahmanism and performed Ashvamedha yajna. 2. Sun gas encouraged the growth of Sanskrit language. 3. Buddhist art received patronage from Sunga rulers.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the 1 is correct: In the cultural sphere, the and followed Brahmanism and horse Ashoka's Dhamma and Buddhism, the Sungas for having reverted to Brahmanical was a staunch follower of Brahmanism. In inscription of Dhanadeva, Pushyamitra Sunga with the performance of two Asvamedha 2 is correct: Sungas promoted the growth and the Sanskrit 3 is correct: Sunga rulers patronised Buddhist sources although refer Pushyamitra sunga persecutor of Buddhism, but there is enough evidence that he patronised Buddhist art. During his reign monuments at Bharhut and Sanchi were further improved. Important Tips The founder of the Sunga dynasty was Pushyamitra Sunga, who was the commander-in-chief under the Mauryas. He assassinated the last Mauryan ruler and usurped the throne in 180 BCE. This is corroborated by Bana, the court poet of Harshavardhana of Kannauj Sunga rule in India according to the

12. #52Practice set
    "He was an Indo-Greek He administered a large territory in the Northwestern regions of the Indian Subcontinent with his capital at Sagala. He was a patron of the Buddhist religion and was converted to Buddhism by Nagasena;' Which of the following rulers is mentioned in the above paragraph?
    • AMenander
    • BDemeti-im
    • CHermaius
    • DApollodotus
    Answer: (A) Menander
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct was the Indo-Greek king who was patron Buddhist religion. He wrote one of the most works called the Milinda-panha ("The Milinda") which was written in Pali. He was Buddhism by Nagasena, who also was mentioned in Important Tips The kingdom of Menander in the Indian subcontinent extended from the Kabul River valley in the west to the Ravi River in the east and from the Swat River valley (in modern Pakistan) in the north to Arachosia (the Kandahar region) in Afghanistan in the south. He even made his attempts to capture Pataliputra but was stopped by the army of Vasumitra (the grandson of Pushyamitra Sunga)

13. #53Practice set
    Consider the following pairs regarding the various Inscriptions from ancient India: 1. Hathigumpha It mentions the defeat inscription of Harshavardhana by Pulakeshin IL Practice 2. Gimar rock It mentions restoration work inscription of Sudarshari Lake undertaken by Rudradaman I. 3. Naneghat Established by queen inscription Nayanika mentioning the earliest record of Satvahana rulers.How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct and Khandagiri caves are ancient rock cut were first discovered by a young British Officer in the 19th century AD. Some important aspects caves are discussed 1 is correct: Udaygiri and Khandagiri built somewhere around the 2nd century BC by of the Meghavahana dynasty. He was as the most powerful king in the annals of 2 is correct: The caves were built on the range for the Jain monks. Out of the one seventeen caves that were built originally only thirty three survive till this day. Eighteen caves arc located in hill and fifteen in the Khandagiri 3 is correct: One of the major caves of Ud Hathigumpha or the elephant cave as its known inscriptions of King Kharnvela The seventeen his many conquests and his way of 4 is correct: One of the major caves of Ambika Gumpha - The Yaksha and Yakshini's of is carved on the walls of the cave. Important Tips The major caves of th

14. #54Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to shakas: 1. The first Saka King in India was Maues or Moga. 2. The Sak.as along with the Parthians introduced the Satrap system of government.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct I is correct: The first Saka King in Maues or Moga, who established Saka power Manes is known from a series of coins and inscriptions, one of which contains a date. A plate inscription discovered in Taxila records of the relics of Buddha in a Stupa during of 2 is correct: The Sakas along with the the Satrap system of government which to tha t of the Achaemenid and Seleucid systems in this system the kingdom was divided into under a military governor called Mahakshatrapa Governors with lower status were called These governors issued their own also minted their own coins This is indicative of independent status than was otherwise norm al in set-up

15. #55Practice set
    Which of the following staternents regarding religion phifosophy in Ancient India are correct? 1. The Ajivika sect was popularised by Makkali Gosala. 2. The Charvaka philosophy believed that everything was predetermined according to fate 3. The doctrine of Akriya believed that actions do not earn merit or sin.Select the correct option using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Founded by Nanda Vachcha, philosophy was popularised by the 3rd Makkali Gosa.la. Gosala's followers centered the capital of Kosala where Gosala preached sixteen years before 2 is incorrect: The Charvaka philosophy complete Materialism. They held that an is formed of matter and finally would end in the aim of human life should be to enjoy all pleasures of doctrine of everything being predetermined by was propounded by the Ajivika sect 3 is correct: The philosophy of Akriya was propounded by Purana Kassapa, a According to this philosophy, action did not either merit or demerit. Even if a man killed all on earth he would not incur any sin. Similarly, not earn any merit through a goo d deed or even on the bank of Ganges. Similarly self-control, truthfulness would no t earn him any credit

16. #56Practice set
    Which one of the following statements is not correct with regards to the Pandavleni caves of Nashik?
    • AThe cave has images of Bodhisattva
    • BThey are associated with Buddhism only
    • CThey depict the tales of the Ksahtrapas and the Abhir kings
    • DThe site has an excellent ancient water management system and stone water tanks
    Answer: (B) They are associated with Buddhism only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct eni caves are associated with three religion s of i. e. Buddhism, Jainis m and Hinduism Important Tips The Pandavleni caves have images of Buddha, Bodhisattva, sculptures representing th e King, farmers, merchants and rich iconography depicting a beautiful amalgamation of lnclo - Greek architecture. The Pandavleni caves depict tales of the three Kings who once ruled Nashik - the Kshatrapas, the Satavahanas and the Abhirs These caves had an excellent arrangement for water, with skillfully chiseled water tanks, exquisitely carved into th solid rocks

17. #57Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the contributions of Rajputs in the field of culture in Medieval India: 1. The Jain temple at Mount Abu was built by Chalukyan rulers of Gujarat. 2. Bhoj Shala was established as a centre of Sanskrit studies.Which of the statements given above is/are correct? -1 rni'.ffi
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option is the correct 1 is correct: The Jain temple at Mount built during Chalukya rule in Gujarat. It was Vastupala; the famous minister of the Chalukyan in Gujarat, who was also a writer and a patron 2 is correct: The Rajput rulers also and letters. Many books and plays were written during the period under their patronage. Dhara, the cap itals of the Paramara rulers, were for Sanskrit learning. Bhoj Shala was established CE) as a centre of Sanskrit studies temple of Sarasvati in present day Dhar (MP). Important Tips After the break-up of the Pratihara kingdom, the medieval India saw the rise and dominance of Rajputas over central. and northern India. The most important of these were the Gahadavalas of Kannauj, the Paramaras of Malwa, and the Chauhans of Ajmer. There were other smaller dynasties in different parts of the country, such as the Kalachuris in the area around modern Jabalpur

18. #58Practice set
    Which of the following universities were founded by Pala rulers? 1. Taxila 65. 2. Vikramshila 3. Nalanda 4. Odantapuri 5. SomapuraSelect the correct option using the code given below
    • A1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    • B2, 3, 4 and 5 only
    • C2, 4 and 5 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
    Answer: (C) 2, 4 and 5 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 2 is correct: Founded by King Pala dynasty. It was a Buddhist university. It scholars like Dipankara (propagated Buddhism It was an important seat of learning of subjects like theology, philosophy, and logic were also 4 is correct: It was a Buddhist university King Gopala of the Pala dynasty. It became a model Buddhists. It declined in the 11th century CE, was sacked by the 5 is correct: It was a Buddhist by King Dbarmapala of the Pala dynasty. Naogaon, Bangladesh it has been declared a Heritage Site. Important Tips Taxila was an ancient centre of learning and higher studies. It had existed since pre Mauryan times (Age of Budhha). Panini, Charvaka, Chanakya and Jivaka were some of the famous persons associated with the Taxila university. A seal identifies Sakradtiya, i.e. Kumaragupta of 5th century CE as the founder of this university. It flourished during the Gup

19. #59Practice set
    Consider the following 1. Sultanganj Buddha: Gupta Period 2. Anantashayana Pallavas Vishnu (Shore temple): 3. Boar incarnation Mauryas (Udayagiri caves):How many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone [ ] t i
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct early 7th century, the Karkota dynasty rulers rule in Kashmir. The Ut.pala dynasty was es tablished the rule of the Karkota dynasty in 855 l is correct: In the 9th and 10th centuries Kashmir region was ruled over hy the Hindu 2 is correct: Avanti (c. 855-883 the founder of the Utpala dynasty and was known great administrator. He was credited with taking works in the field of irrigation During his reign, J I /; the cities of Avantipur and Suyapur were founded, and many Hindu temples dedicated to both Vishnu and Shiva and Buddhist monasteries were built, notable of which is the Avantiswara and Avantiswami temples. Statement 3 is incorrect: During the reign of Utpalas, several temples were constructed. Avantivarman established various temples and cities, including Avantipura, Surapura and the Avantiswami Temple, under the direction of chief minister Suyya Samkaravarm

20. #60Practice set
    With reference to Buddhist and Jain literature, consider the following statements: 1. Visuddhimagga is a treatise on Theravada doctrine. 2. Buddhist text Abhidharmamoksha is written in Sanskrit language. 9 I 3. Kalp a Sutra contains the biographies of Jain Tirthankars. 4. Jain literature is mostly written in Pali.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Visuddhimagga is a text on It is written by Buddhagosh. 'The way of purification'. It contains discussion teachings of 2 is correct: Abhidharmamoksha is written It has been authored by Vasubandhu and is text. It contains discussion on 3 is correct: Kalpa Sutra contains Jain Tirthankars written by Bhadrabahu (3rd Kalpasutra mentions nine Ganas and 11 Mahavira. Bhadrabahu is mentioned as prime Mahavira. Bhadrabahu was the pioneer of the He also wrote the sacred Uvasaggaharam 4 is incorrect: Jain literature is written in Ardha Magadhi. Jain monks wrote in many guages depending on the era, region and the patrons them. They wrote in Tamil during the in south India. They also wrote in Sanskrit, and Marathi. Important Tips During the post-Vedic period, Buddhist and Jain literature gained prominence as they were mostly written in language spoken by people. B

21. #61Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the literature related to the Buddhism: 1. Anguttara Nikaya is a part of the Sutta Pitaka. was written by Ashvaghosha. 3. Dhammapada was written by king Harshavardhana.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 483 BC, Buddha's teachings were rehearsed and the First Council, after which they were separated Pitakas Three Pitakas include Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka l is correct: The main teaching or Dhamma is contained in the Sutta Pitaka. Sutta Pitaka into five collections or Nikayas Anguttarn one of these five 2 is correct: Buddhacharita: it is an epic in Sanskrit by Ashvaghosha in the early AD. It is about the life of the 3 is incon-ect: Dhammapada is a part of Nikaya of the Sutta Pitaka (not written It contains a collection of the sayings Buddha in verse form. Important Tips Sutta Pitaka is divided into five collections or Nikayas. Digha Nikaya Majjhima Nikaya Samyutta Nikaya Anguttara Nikaya Khuddaka Nikaya

22. #62Practice set
    Which of the following statements regarding Buddhist literature is
    • AVinaya Pitaka covers the rules and regulations to be followed by the Buddhist monks
    • BThe Jatakas contains stories from the previous birth of Buddha. Practiceb o o k
    • CBuddhacharita by Ashwaghosa is written in Sanskrit
    • DThe Tripitakas and the Jatakas are available in Pali only
    Answer: (D) The Tripitakas and the Jatakas are available in Pali only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct a is correct. Vinaya Pitaka contains rules to be followed by the Buddhist b is correct. The Jatakas are the best Buddhist non-canonical literature. It is a compilation stories from the previous births of Buddha as well as of the Bodhisattva or the (future) would-be c is correct. Buddhacharita is a great epic Ashwaghosha in 78 A.D. It is an example of in d is incorrect. While all the Canonical that constitutes the three Tripitakas, is in are available in both Sanskrit and Pali. stories propagate Buddhist religious doctrines, available in Sanskrit and Pali

23. #63Practice set
    Which of the following is/are correct regarding Buddhism? 1. Arhats are persons who took vows to help others attain nirvana. 2. Bodhisattva is a person who has achieved nirvana.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2 !
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2 !
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect: Arhats refers to a perfect who has gained insight into the true nature of has achieved nirvana The Arhat, having freed the bonds of desire, will not be 2 is incorrect: Bodhisattva were persons vows to help others attain took the vow to save all sentient beings and the rounds of rebirth and until then, he enter Nirvana. In order words, h e did not free he had helped every other being to attain nirvana. willingly gets reborn in order to fulfil his vow

24. #64Practice set
    With reference to Buddhist literature, which of the following statements is/are incorrect? 1. Vinaya Pitaka contains dialogues and speeches of Buddha dealing with morality and righteous dharma. 2. Abhidhamma Pitaka concentrates on philosophy and metaphysics. 3. Sutta Pitaka contains rules and regulations to be followed by the Buddhist monks.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B1 only
    • C2 only
    • D2 and 3 only
    Answer: (A) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect: Vinaya Pitaka contains rules to be followed by the Buddhist 2 is correct: Abhidhamma Pitaka philosophy and metaphysics. It contains various topics like ethics, theory of knowledge 3 is incorrect: Sutta Pitaka contains speeches of Buddha dealing with morality and

25. #65Practice set
    With reference to doctrines of Jainism, consider t he following statements: 1. The panchavrathas constitute a code of conduct for the followers. 2. Mahavira added 'Ahimsa' as the fifth doctrine of Jainism. 3. Digambaras believed that women cannot be Tirthankaras.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: The five doctrines of thas) are rules of ethical conduct for of the religion They are - (i) do not (ii) do not tell a lie ( ) do not steal and observe 2 is incorrect: Parsvanatha (23 rd down the first four principles of Jainism. Mahavira (24 added the fifth principle Mahavira added "brahmacharya' (continence) and (non-violence) as the fifth principle of did emphasize upon austerity in his 3 is correct: Swethambaras believed that and women can be Tirthankaras, while that only men can be Tirthankaras. Mallinatha to be a woman tirthankara, consider Malli to be a man

26. #66Practice set
    With reference to the major events in the life of Gautama lluddha) consider the following statements:l. Mahabhinishkramana refers to the departure of Buddha from his home. 2. Dhammachakraparivartana refers to Buddha's enlightenment. 3. Sambodhi refers to the first sermon of Buddha. 4. Mahaparinirvana refers to Buddha's death.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Exp) Option b is the correct five major life events in the life of Buddha are Birth (elephant) Buddha leaving home (horse) - Mahabhinishkramana Buddha's enlightenment (peepal leaf) - Sambodhi First sermon/ speech of Buddha ( wheel) Dhammachakraparivartana Buddha's death (lotus/feet) - Mahaparinirvana

27. #67Practice set
    With reference to the Religion and Philosophy in Ancient India, consider the following statements: 1. The Jainas believe that the supernatural things of the universe can be traced back to seven fundamental elements. 2. Like the Charvakas, the Jainas too believe in the Vedas, but they do not admit the existence of a soul. 3. Buddha strongly criticized blind faith in the traditional scriptures like the Vedas.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: The Jainas believe that the supernatural things of the universe can be to seven fundamental elements. They arc jiva, bandha, samvara, nirjana, and moksa Statement 2 is incorrect: Charvaka philosophy deals materialistic philosophy. Like the Charvakas, too do not believe in the Vedas, but they admit of a 3 is correct: Buddha presented simple life and practical ethics that people could follow easily. criticized blind faith in the traditional the Vedas

28. #68Practice set
    With reference to the Philosophy in Ancient India, consider the following statements: 1. The Jaina philosophy was first propounded by the tirthankar Ajit Nath. 2. There were twenty-four tirthankaras who actually established the Jaina darshan. i twenty fourth and the last tirthankat was named Vardhaman Mahavira who gave great impetus toHow many of the staternents given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: The Jaina philosophy was by the tirthankar Rishabha Deva. The Ajit Nath and Aristanemi are also mentioned 2 is correct: There were twenty-four actually established the Jaina darshan. The realized that the source of Jaina philosophy 3 is correct: The twenty fourth and the was named Vardhaman Mahavira who impetus to Jainism

29. #69Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to spread of Buddhism abroad from India: 1. Acharya Ateesha of the Vikramashila University helped in the spread of Buddhism to Tibet. 2. King Ashoka sent his daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka to propogate Buddhism. 3. The presence of ancient silk route aided the spread of Buddhism abroad.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    option c is the correct 1 is correct: The head of the was Acharya Ateesha, also known as He went to Ti.bet in the 11th century and strong foundation to Buddhism in 2 is correct: King Ashoka made great propagate Buddhism outside India. He sent his and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka the message of the Buddha The teachings of were transmitted orally by the Srilankan people gone from 3 is correct: Many Chinese and Indian through ancient Silk routes to propagate of Buddhism. People from all over the to visit the land of the Buddha They stayed in collected Buddhist relics and manuscripts Buddhism and learnt about its sayings at the centres

30. #70Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding religious festivals in India: 1. Paryushana Mahaparva is the annual festival related to Jainism. 2. Mahamastakabhisheka is held once every twelve years in veneration of Bahubali. 3. Navapad Oli is the celebrated by Jain monks to welcome monsoon rainsHow many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: Kagyed is a form of Cham Masked Dance performed by Buddhist monks and lamas in Sikkim as their reverence to the almighty and as a means to ward off evils. The masks represent scores of human, deities and animal faces enacting an interesting story from the Buddhist 2 is incorrect: Padayani is a ritual art at Bhadrakali temples located on the banks Pampa. Padayani dance is a traditional dance requires various steps and movements by wearing or Kolam. Kolam is a masque made by drawing the leaves of the arecanut palm. Wearing this dancer performs the ritual dance in 3 is correct: Mukha mela is not a It has become an annual event to preserve the Gomira mask making and introduce the local the world at large. It is usually held post monsoon in called Kushmandi (in South Dinajpur district of which is home to over 200 families of makers. Gomi

31. #71Practice set
    With respect to the Circus in India, which of the following statements is not
    • AThe first Indian circus called 'The Great Indian Circus' was set up by Vishnupant Chatre
    • BAnimal Welfare Board of India banned the use of elephants for circus performances in 2013
    • CAll wild animals are banned from being used in circus performances in India
    • DIndia is the first country to ban the use of wild animals in Circus
    Answer: (D) India is the first country to ban the use of wild animals in Circus
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct l is incorrect. Jainism, produced texts in some of the Jain texts were also written in Sanskrit Upamitibhava Prapancha Katha of Siddharasi (906 A.D.) Apart from writing in Prakrit and Ardha Magadhi, wrote in many other languages depending on the and the patrons who supported them. They Tamil during the Sangam Age in south India They in Sanskrit, Shauraseni, Gujarati, and 2 is incorrect. The most important Jain in Prakrit are the Angas, the Upangas and Apart from these the Chhedab Sutra and are also considered to be sacred by the

32. #72Full-length test
    to Indian History, consider the following: 1. Dipavamsa Chronicles 2. Sunyata Doctrine 3. Lotus SutraHow many of the above texts/ doctrine are associated with Mahayana Buddhism?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone { }
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. Option I is incorrect: Dipavamsa Chronicles: The meaning of Dipavamsa is "Chronicle of Island". It is the oldest historical record of Sri Lanka. It is associated with Hinayana sect of Buddhism. Options 2 and 3 are correct: The various text of Mahayana sect of Buddhism are

33. #73Full-length test
    'With reference to the Buddhist site of which of the following statements 1. It is the location of the ancient city of Kapilavastu. 2. The stupa located here houses the remains of Buddha.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Buddhist site of Piprahwa is one sites that is directly related to the early life of Buddha. the location of the ancient city of Kapilavastu, which is town of 2 is correct. According to Pali texts Buddhist traditions, it is site of one of eight over the remains of Buddha. One of the caskets with pre Mauryan Brahmi inscriptions is here

34. #74Full-length test
    With reference to Elephanta caves, consider the following statements: 1. These caves were associated with both Hinduism as well as Buddhism. 2. A unique sculpture of Trimurti representing three aspects of Shiva, is found in the Elephanta caves. 3. These caves have water tanks carved out of solid rocks. 4. These caves are marked by the complete absence of Garbhagrihas (sanctums).How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Elephanta Caves are located on Elephanta Island day Maharashtra. The rock cut Elephanta constructed during the mid-5th to 6th centuries l is correct: The Elephanta caves are both Hinduism as well as Buddhism, the caves dominated by Buddhism then by the Shaivism Hinduism. The cave consists of five Hindu caves few Buddhist stupa mounds that date back to the 2 is correct: The sculpture of three aspects of Shiva: The Creator, and the Destroyer is an important feature of The masterpiece "Sadashiva" the entrance to Cave 1 of Elephanta 3 is correct: It is true that Elephanta caves tanks carved out of rock. The cave consists of caves with water tanks. Two Buddhist with the remains of a stupa and water tanks the Buddhists were the first occupants of the 4 is incorrect: The provision of a sanctum are important feature of Elephanta spiritualistic beliefs and symbology are fi

35. #75Full-length test
    In the context of Indian history, which of the following statements is incorrect with reference to the 'Shauraseni language'?
    • AIt was widely used to write dramas during the medieval period
    • BJain monks mainly wrote using this language
    • CIt was the official language of Gupta Dynasty rulers
    • DThe text 'Shatkhandgama' is written in this language
    Answer: (C) It was the official language of Gupta Dynasty rulers
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct was an ancient language that evolved into now known as the "Middle Indo-Aryan" language derives its name from the ancient province the area around present-day Mathura. developed alongside Classical Sanskrit around the it bore striking similarities to the former and was, result, overshadowed by a is correct: 'Shauraseni language' was to write dramas in the medieval India. It is also b and d are correct: It was the predecessor Indian languages. Jain monks wrote mainly version of Prakrit. The oldest text of Digambara is written in c is incorrect: Sanskrit was the official the Gupta period, this is evident from the inscriptions "Prashasti" that was done by Harisen, minister of king Samudragupta. Prakrit was used as language { } Impottarit 'Tips. The term Prakrit is often homogeneously used to refer to its iarious dialects and sub-dialects; these dialects were employed

36. #76Full-length test
    With reference to Jain councils, consider the following statements: 1. The first Jain council was held at Pataliputra. 2. The second Jain council was held during the lifetime of Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya. 3. Jainism was divided into two major sects called Svetambaras and Digambaras following the third Jain council.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct came to prominence in the 6th century BCE Mahavira propagated the was the last Tirthankara (great teacher) 1 is correct: It is true that the first Jain held at Pataliputra at about 300 BCE. In that sacred teachings of Mahavira were divided into 2 is incorrect: The second Jain council was Vallabhi (Gujarat) in 512 CE whereas during 350-295 BCE. The second council was by Devardhi Kshemasarmana. The purpose of was to collect the Sacred texts and write them D 3 is incorrect: The Split occurred following Jain council held at about 300 BCE as not agree with the compilation of Jain texts first council. Thus Jains divided into two main and Digambaras. Svetambara monks wore Digambara monks did not wore any clothes at Svetambaras believe women can achieve believe that women cannot achieve first being reborn as a man

37. #77Full-length test
    Which of the following are characteristic of ancient sect Ajivika? 1. Absolute determinism 2. Antinomian Ethics 3. Rejection of concept of soulSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct: Ajivika is a heterodox school of founded by Makkhali Gosala. The school for its philosophy of absolute determinism that there is no free will and everything is a function of cosmic principle. { 2 is correct: Antinomianism is a view that and legal aspects and encourages, going against moral norms. Ajivaks believe that there is no law. Tamil Literature suggests that Ajivaks and were non-meat 3 is incorrect: Ajivaks had atheistic philosophy. not presume any deity as the creator of the believe that the soul exists in every being. The soul material form that helps in focusing while meditating

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