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Pollution & Climate Change — UPSC Prelims Science & Environment previous year questions — page 2

83 solved previous year questions on Pollution & Climate Change, papers from 1993 to 2023, drawn from UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS, UPSC CAPF. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41Practice set
   Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement?
   • AWhile the Kyoto protocol exempted industrialized countries, Paris agreement required them to reduce greenhouse gases
   • BWhile Kyoto protocol focused on 6 major greenhouse gases, Paris agreement focused on most of the major greenhouse gases
   • CWhile Kyoto protocol aimed to reduce the temperature by Paris agreement aimed to limit the increase to above pre-industrial levels
   • DWhile the Kyoto protocol was legally non-binding, Paris agreement is a legally binding commitment
   Answer: (B) While Kyoto protocol focused on 6 major greenhouse gases, Paris agreement focused on most of the major greenhouse gases
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Protocol and Paris Agreement were the two in the history of emission reduction gases. The differences between the two a is incorrect - Kyoto Protocol, sets reduction targets for 37 industrialized the European community in its first It didn't exempt industrialized countries. on the other hand, included both developed countries diluting the principle of Common b is correct - The Kyoto Protocol focused major 6 Greenhouse gas emissions. They are methane, sulphur hexafluoride, HFCs, PFCs oxide. While the Paris agreement rather reducing the emissions of all the major gases. There was no specific GHGs taken generally all the greenhouse gases were to be calculation as per the c is incorrect - The specific goal of the Paris was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions so global average temperature would not rise more than Celsius above pre-industrial levels with an to not allow

2. #42Practice set
   Consider the following: 1. Global Climate Change Alliance 2. Forest Carbon Partnership Facility 3. Clean Technology Fund 4. Carbon Initiative for DevelopmentHow many of the above given initiatives are managed by the World Bank?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (C) Only three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect. The Global Climate Change is an initiative of the European Union. Its is to build a new alliance on climate change European Union and the poor developing countries most affected and that have the least capacity to deal 2 is correct. The Forest Carbon Partnership and the Fund Initiative for Landscapes (ISFL) focus on sustainable forest use. These funds guide readiness and reducing emissions from deforestation and (RED including the testing the credits and incentivizing the development of sustainable land use activities. managed by the World Bank's Climate Change 3 is correct. The Clean Technology Fund administered by the World Bank in partnership Development Bank. It has begun financing deployment projects in fast growing The objective of the CTF is to use the of concessional finance necessary to realize that will have transformative effects on gas

3. #43Practice set
   With reference to the Global Climate Change Alliance ( GCCA), consider the following statements: 1. It is an initiative of the United Nations Environment Programme. 2. It provides only technical support to the countries and does not provide any financial support.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct I is incorrect. The European Union Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) in 2007. objective is to create a new climate change the European Union and the poor countries that affected and lack the resources to deal with the 2 is incorrect. The GCCA provides technical as financial support to partner countries to change into their development policies and to implement projects that address on the ground, promoting climate-resilient, low emission development

4. #44Practice set
   With reference to the Blue Carbon Initiative, consider the following statements: 1. It aims to mitigate climate change through the restoration and sustainable use of coastal ecosystems. 2. The Initiative is launched by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (A) 1 only
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1 is correct. The Blue Carbon Initiative is program working to mitigate climate change _restoration and sustainable use of coastal and The Initiative currently focuses on and seagrasses. The Blue Carbon together governments, research institutions, nongovernmental organizations and communities from 2 is incorrect. The Initiative is Conservation International (CI), the for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and Oceanographic Commission of the Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Important Tips Blue Carbon refers to. copstal, aquatic and marine sinks held by the indicative vegetation, marine organism and sediments

5. #45Practice set
   Consider the following statements regarding United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): 1. It was adopted at the "Rio Earth Summit" in 1992. 2. Its ultimate objective is to eliminate greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. 3. It is legally binding.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (A) Only one
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1 is correct: The UNFCCC is a "Rio of three adopted at the "Rio Earth Summit" in 1992. Rio Conventions are the UN Convention on and the Convention to Combat 2 is incorrect: The ultimate objective of is to "stabilize (and not eliminate) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that dangerous human interference with the It states that "such a level should be a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to to climate change, to ensure that food not threatened, and to enable economic development in a sustainable 3 is incorrect: The treaty itself is not as it does not set mandatory limits on emissions for individual countries and doesn't enforcement mechanisms

6. #46Practice set
   With reference to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), consider the following statements: 1. The UNFCCC was adopted at the United Nations Conference on the Environment 1972. 2. Under the Convention, Annex grouping include the countries with economies in transition and OECD member countries. 3. The UNFCCC Secretariat maintains the registry for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) established under the Paris Agreement.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (A) Only one
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct I is incorrect. The United Nations on Climate Change was not adopted at Nations Conference on the Environment 1972 but 2 is incorrect. Under the UNFCCC, Annex includes the Organization for Economic Cooperation (OECD) members of Annex I, except in transition (EIT) Parties. They are required financial resources to enable developing undertake emissions reduction activities under and to help them adapt to adverse effects change. In addition, they are expected to development and transfer of environmentally to EIT Parties and developing 3 is correct. The secretariat provides and assists in the analysis and review of information reported by Parties and in of the Kyoto mechanisms. It also registry for Nationally Determined established under the Paris Agreement, a key implementation of the Paris Agreement. Important Tips The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate C

7. #47Practice set
   With reference to landmark developments that have taken place at UNFCCC Conferences, consider the following statements: 1. Green Climate Fund was an outcome of Conference of Parties held at Cancun. 2. The Paris Agreement requires each Party to prepare, communicate and maintain successive Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). 3. Powering Past Coal Alliance, launched at COP-23, is led by US and India.How many of the above statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is correct: The mechanisms that were an COP 16: Green Climate Fund (GCF), Technology mechanism. The GCF supports and policies in developing country 2 is correct: Nationally (NDCs) are the core of the Paris the achievement of the long-term goals. The requires each Party to prepare, communicate successive nationaily determined that it intends to achieve. Parties shall mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving of such 3 is incorrect: The "Powering Past Coal" initiated by the UK, Canada and Marshall Islands annual Conference of Parties ( COP23) meeting in The aim is to phase out coal-based power by to accelerate the transition from coal to clean coal users like China, the US, Russia have not joined

8. #48Practice set
   With reference to the Paris agreement, which of the statements given below are correct? 1. It is a non-binding international treaty on climate change. 2. It invites countries to submit long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. 3. Under enhanced transparency framework, countries will report transparently on action taken. 4. The nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are mandatory for the countries.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B1, 2 and 3 only
   • C1, 3 and 4 only
   • D2, 3 and 4 only
   Answer: (D) 2, 3 and 4 only
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect. The Paris Agreement is a international treaty on climate change. It by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 and entered into force on 4 November 2016. Its to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to Celsius, compared to pre-industrial 2 is correct. To better frame the efforts long-term goal, the Paris Agreement invites formulate and submit by 2020 long-term low emission development strategies (LT-LEDS). the long-term horizon to the NDCs. Unlike are not 3 is correct. With the Paris Agreement, an enhanced transparency Under ETF, starting in 2024, countries will on actions taken and progress in climate adaptation measures and support provided It also provides for international procedures for of the submitted 4 is correct. In NDCs, countries they will take to reduce their Greenhouse in order to reach the goals of the Paris also communicate

9. #49Practice set
   Which of the following is/are correct with reference to the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN)? 1. It is the operational arm of the UNFCCC Technology Mechanism, hosted by the UN Environment Programme. 2. It promotes transfer of technologies for low carbon and climate resilient development.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 Only
   • B2 Only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct l is correct: The Climate Technology Centre (CTCN) is the operational arm of the Mechanism, hosted by the UN and the UN Industrial (UNIDO). Serving as the core of the members respond to climate technology developing country Parties to the 2 is correct: CTCN promotes the of environmentally sound technologies for and climate resilient development at the request countries. CTCN provides technology building and advice on policy, legal and tailored to the needs of individual both the statements are correct. Important Tips The Climate Technology Centre Network (CTCN) facilitates the transfer of technologies through three core services: Providing technical assistance at the request of developing countries to accelerate the transfer of climate technologies. Creating access to information and knowledge on climate technologies. Fostering collaboration among climate technolo

10. #50Practice set
    The agreement refers to the Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. It aims to reduce the emissions of powerful greenhouse gases, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), in a move that could prevent up to 0.5 degrees Celsius of global warming by the end of this century. It is a legally binding agreement, which came into force from January 1, 2019. The agreement is
    • AVienna Convention
    • BCancun Agreement
    • CMarrakesh Partnership
    • DKigali Agreement
    Answer: (D) Kigali Agreement
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 2016, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted on HFCs at the close of the 28th Meeting of (MOP 28) in Kigali, Rwanda. Governments it would enter irtto force on 1 January 2019; at least 20 Parties to the Montreal Protocol had this countries will start to HFCs by 2019. Developing countries will follow freeze of HFCs consumption levels in 2024, with freezing consumption in 2028. By the late countries are expected to consume no more than cent of their respective baselines

11. #51Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the UN-REDD programme: 1. The programme assists countries to develop capacities to reduce forest carbon emissions. 2. The programme offers developing countries results-based payments for results-based actions. 3. The UN-REDD programme is a collaboration between Food and Agriculture Organisation, United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Environment Programme.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 1 is correct. The UN-REDD programme to develop the capacities needed to meet requirements, so that they can qualify result-based payments under the 2 is incorrect. Reducing emissions and forest degradation REDD), offers developing countries for results-based 3 is correct. The UN-REDD programme is between Food and Agriculture the United Nations (FAO), United Nations (UNDP) and United Nations (UNEP). Important Tips is a mechanism developed by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It creates a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. Developing countries would receive results-based payments for results-based actions. goes beyond simply deforestation and forest. Degradation an

12. #52Practice set
    With reference to Clean Technology Fund (CTF), consider the following statements: 1. World Bank is the Trustee of Clean Technology Fund (CTF). 2. The CTF provides large-scale financial resources to invest in clean technology projects in developing countries. 3. Rewa Solar Plant is the first project in India to get funding from CTF.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: World Bank acts as Trustee for all Climate Investment Funds (CIF), including the Clean Technology Fund. Statement 2 is correct: The Clean Technology Fund provides new large-scale financial resources to invest in clean technology projects in developing countries with a significant potential for long-term greenhouse gas emissions savings. Statement 3 is correct: Rewa solar plant is the first project to get funding from the Clean Technology Fund in India. Important Tips Clean Technology Fund is a part of Climate Investment Fund and promotes financing for demonstration, deployment and transfer of low carbon technologies with a significant potential for long-term greenhouse gas emissions savings. The Climate Investment Funds (CIFs) are designed by developed and developing countries and are implemented with the multilateral development ba

13. #53Practice set
    With reference to Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It focuses solely on adaptation to the changing climate. 2. It aims at increased productivity, enhanced resilience and reduced emissions. 3. It has decentralization at its heart with attention to country/locality specific landscape approach.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • AOnly 1 and 2
    • BOnly 2 and 3
    • COnly 1 and 3
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) Only 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. l incorrect on both Adaptation and Mitigation (Can; into the soil) Change. 2 is correct By Increased productivity, (Adaptation) and reduced. achieves a triple win situation making farming a for 3 is correct- With decentralization at its Smart Agriculture gives attention to it promotes country and locality specific Agriculture

14. #54Practice set
    With reference to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is a non -UN body for assessing the science related to climate change. 2. It does not conduct any research nor does it monitor climate-related data or parameters.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • AOnly 1
    • BOnly 2
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) Only 2
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: Intergovernmental Panel Change (IPCC) was established by the UNEP WMO in 1988. It is a UN body for assessing tne to climate 2 is correct: IPCC does not conduct nor does it monitor climate-related data However, being a scientific body, it assesses the most recent scientific, technical and socioeconomic information produced worldwide relevant to of climate change. It has regularly Assessment Reports in a style suitabfe

15. #55Practice set
    In the context of National Green-House Gas Inventories Programme (NGGIP), consider the following statements: 1. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Task Force develops and refines a methodology for the calculation and reporting of national Green-House Gases (GHG) emissions and removals. 2. India is yet to establish its GHG inventories program.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
    • AOnly 1
    • BOnly 2
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) Only 2
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct I is correct: The IPCC established the its Task Force develops and refines a methodology calculation and reporting of national GHG. removals. Statement 2 is incorrect: India established its Program' in 2008 led by World Resources (WRI-India), The Energy and Resource and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). an iµdustry-led voluntary framework to measure greenhouse gas emissions. The programme measurement and management strategies emissions and drive more profitable, competitive businesses and organisations in India. Important Tips The India GHG Program aims to establish a robust and effective institutional set-up providing access to; Internationally recognized and locally relevant GHG measurement aµd accounting tools The program will provide companies with tools and technical assistance to build inventories, based on the GHG Protocol, to reduce emissions and dri

16. #56Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), an initiative of G20 group of countries, is a mechanism to reduce Long Lived Climate Pollutants. 2. The CCAC focuses on reducing the concentration of methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons from the atmosphere.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. The Climate and Clean to Reduce Short-Lived Climate was launched by the United Nations (UNEP) and six countries - Ghana, Mexico, Sweden, and the United States 2 is correct. Climate and Clean Air focus is on methane, black carbon, and HFCs. same time, partners recognize that action on pollutants must complement and supplement, global action to reduce carbon dioxide, in under the UNFCCC. Important Tips The Climate and Clean Air Coalition is a voluntary partnership of governments, intergovernmental organizations, businesses, scientific institutions and civil society organizations committed to improving air quality and protecting the climate through actions to reduce short-lived climate pollutants

17. #57Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Basel Convention is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations. 2. Rotterdam Convention is a multilateral treaty to promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals.Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. The Basel Convention on of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel an international treaty that was designed to movements of hazardous waste between nations, to prevent transfer of hazardous waste to less developed countries (LDCs). It does address the movement of radioactive waste. is also intended to minimize the amount of wastes generated, to ensure their management as closely as possible to the source and to assist LDCs in environmentally of the hazardous and other wastes they 2 is correct. The Rotterdam the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals in International Trade) is a multilateral treaty shared responsibilities in relation to hazardous chemicals. Important Tips The Rotterdam Convention promotes open exchange of information and calls on exporters of hazardous chemi

18. #58Practice set
    The 'Enhanced Transparency Framework', sometimes seen in news, is related to which one of the following agreement/plans?
    • AAtlantic Charter
    • BJoint Comprehensive Plan of Action
    • CParis Agreement
    • DRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
    Answer: (C) Paris Agreement
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 2015, at COP 21, Parties; aiming to strengthen response to the threat of climate change, adopted Agreement and through it established an enhanced transparency framework is expected mutual trust and confidence, and promote by and tracking of progress towards achieving individual nationally determined on support provided and received by Parties in the context of climate change design, the enhanced transparency framework substantive aspects of the Paris Agreement, progress of implementation and achievement determined contributions

19. #59Practice set
    The "Fit for 55" plan calls cutting emissions of greenhouse gases by at least by 2030. The plan is launched by the
    • AWorld Economic Forum
    • BEuropean Union
    • COrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development
    • DUnited Nations Commission on Sustainable Development
    Answer: (B) European Union
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct for 55" plan is launched by the European Union (EU). of the European Green Deal, with the European the EU has set itself a binding target of neutrality by 2050. This requires current emission levels to drop substantially in the next an intermediate step towards climate neutrality, the raised its 2030 climate ambition, committing to by at least by 2030

20. #60Practice set
    Which one of the following statements is/ are correct about the 'International Climate Initiative'? 1. It is an initiative launched by the Government of India. 2. It operates within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). -0 Pl'acticebook 3. It finances biodiversity conservation programmes in developing and emerging countries.Select the correct answers from the codes given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D2 and 3 only
    Answer: (D) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct l is incorrect: International Climate an important instrument of the Federal Ministry for the 2 is correct: International Climate within the framework of the United Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Convention. on Biological Diversity 3 is correct: It in financing climate and biodiversity conservation programmes and transition countries

21. #61Practice set
    The Global Climate Risk Index is annually published by the
    • AUnited Nations Environment Programme
    • BGermanwatch
    • CGreenpeace
    • DWorld Meteorological Organisation
    Answer: (B) Germanwatch
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct Global Climate Risk is an annual publication global think tank Germanwatch. Germsinwatch related issues and sustainable development. Important Tips The Global Climate Risk Index takes into account the effects of weather-related events on Nations and upholds the need to support developing countries to deal with climate change effects. As per the latest report published in 2021 Mozambique and Bahamas. were the worst affected countries in 2019. India was placed better than Afghanistan and Japan in the index In India, cyclone Fani, which hit the country in 2019 was the worst disaster affecting around 28 million people and killing approximately 90 people India and Bangladesh. Also, floods caused by heavy rains and intense monsoon affected millions of people in India causing enormous economic damage

22. #62Practice set
    With reference to the Warsaw International Mechanism, sometimes seen in news, consider the following statements 1. It addresses loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change. 2. It was established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2015 to help in the implementation of the Paris Agreement.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct. The purpose of the Mechanism is to implement to address loss and damage-particularly and damage pushes society to reexamine current thinking and managing climate risks. It focuses action and support, including finance, capacity-building, to address loss and damage the adverse effects of climate change and to to undertake 2 is incorrect Warsaw International Loss and Damage associated with Climate (WIM) is an initiative of UNFCCC. The COP-19 of established it to address loss and damage impacts of climate change, in developing countries particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of It was established at COP-19 (November 2013) Solution: Opti.on a is the Sixth Assessment Report (AR 6) is released by Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2021: the Physical Science the first time gave to the role of and multiple climate change drivers tandem in

23. #63Practice set
    The London Convention and MARPOL, frequently seenin news, are related to
    • AThey aim to reduce and mitigate the marine pollution caused due to ships and other sources
    • BThey seek to stop the illegal international trade of threatened wildlife animals around the world
    • CThey aim to reduce and stop financial market frauds and money laundering related activities
    • DThey promote arbitration mechanism between governments and private entities
    Answer: (A) They aim to reduce and mitigate the marine pollution caused due to ships and other sources
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct London Convention on the Prevention of by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter to promote the effective control of all sources of and to take all practicable steps to prevent the sea by dumping of wastes and other convention (The International the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) of 1973 - pollution of the marine environment by ships or accidental causes. It lists various forms pollution caused by oil, noxious liquid. harmful substances in packaged form, sewage from ships, etc

24. #64Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Kigali Agreement: 1. It is a non-legally binding voluntary initiative. 2. It aims to out Hydrofluorocarbons which are ozone depleting substances. 3. The Kigali Agreement is an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. 4. India has ratified the Kigali Amendment.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is incorrect. The Kigali Amendment to Protocol is legally binding with for 2 is incorrect. The Kigali Amendment aims down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as they are gases with global warming potential times more than carbon dioxide (CO2). developed to replace stratospheric (ODS). So they are not 3 is correct. The Kigali agreement is to the Montreal 4 is correct, In August 2021, the approved the ratification of the to the Montreal Protocol on phasing refrigerant Hydrofluorocarbons Solution: Option c is the correct Talanoa Dialogue was convened as part of climate talks, Talanoa Dialogue takes stock of of climate action since Paris Agreement to inform the next round of Nationally (NDCs) with a view to raise climate the Talanoa process, stakeholders talked about agreed guiding questions on the climate crisis

25. #65Practice set
    Which of the following statements is correct with reference to the Beach Environment Aesthetics Management Services (BEAMS) programme?
    • AIt is a joint initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and UN Environment (UNEP)
    • BIt has been launched on the lines of the Blue Flag beach certification programme
    • CThe program awards "National Heritage beaches" as part of the project
    • DThe program involves training of student volunteers as "Bal Mitra" for creating awareness
    Answer: (B) It has been launched on the lines of the Blue Flag beach certification programme
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct a is incorrect. Beach Environment Services (BEAMS) comes under Coastal Zone Management) project. This by the Society of Integrated Coastal and the Union Ministry of Environment, Climate Change UNEP is not b is correct. On the lines of Blue Flag has also launched its own eco-label BEAMS Aesthetics Management Services). It India strive for globally recognized and the 'Blue c is incorrect. No such award is provided. of BEAMS program is to: pollution in coastal sustainable development of beach conserve coastal ecosystems natural local authorities stakeholders to strive high standards of cleanliness, hygiene beachgoers in accordance with coastal environment program is based on stakeholder approach and involves local communities in beach d is incorrect. The program involves no Solution: Option d is the correct l is incorrect. Coalition for Sustainable (CSCA) is an initi

26. #66Practice set
    With reference to the Loss and Damage Mechanism, Consider the following statements: 1. The Loss and Damage Mechanism was first established at the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015. 2. It will help in climatic adaptation process through finance, technology and capacity-building. orumltll 3. It redresses the losses due to adverse climatic events in all vulnerable countries.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. The Warsaw for Loss and Damage associated with Impacts was established at the COP19 UNFCCC in November Mechanism's role was recognized in 2015 in Article 8 Paris Agreement and it was reviewed in 2019 at 2 is correct. Functions of the Loss and 1. Enhancing knowledge and understanding risk management approaches to address damage associated with the adverse effects of including slow onset 2. Strengthening dialogue, coordination, synergies among relevant 3. Enhancing action and support, including and capacity-building, to address loss associated with the adverse effects of climate enable countries to undertake 3 is incorrect. It to address losses and developing countries (not developed countries) particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of

27. #67Practice set
    With reference to the Blue Flag Programme, consider the following statements: 1. The programme is operated by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in India. -c 2. Its main aim is to protect marine flora and fauna in the ocean waters.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. The Blue Flag Programme and marinas is operated by the Foundation Education (FEE), an international, nongovernmental, non-profit organisation. It is Copenhagen, India, the national operating agency is Education) under 2 is incorrect. The 'Blue Flag' is a can be obtained by a beach, marina, or tourism operator, and serves as an eco-label. promotes sustainable development in marine areas through four main criteria: water management, environmental safety. The programme identifies beaches for a clean and hygienic bathing water, a safe and healthy environment, and of the area

28. #68Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding the Climate Smart Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF) 2.0? 1. It assesses the performance of the major cities in using innovative solutions to combat climate change. 2. It is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. 3. It aims to inculcate a climate-sensitive approach to urban planning and development in India.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 only
    • D2 and 3 only
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. The objective of CSCAF (2.0) provide a clear roadmap for cities towards Change while planning and implementing including investments. The framework has namely; 1. Energy and Green Buildings, 2. Green Cover and Biodiversity, 3. Mobility and 4. Water Management, 5. Waste 2 is correct. The programme is implemented Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Centre for Cities under National Institute of (NIUA) is supporting in implementation 3 is correct. CSCAF initiative intends a climate-sensitive approach to urban development in India. It will help to reduce the disasters like cyclones, floods, heat waves, water drought-like conditions, on many of our cities

29. #69Practice set
    With reference to Funds related to climate and environment, consider the following statements: 1. Green Climate Fund was established with a mandatory requirement to invest of its resources to mitigation and to adaptation. 2. Global Environment Facility is formally established as the permanent financing arm by UNFCCC.Which of the above-mentioned statements is/ are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct has established mechanisms like Green (GCF), Global Environment Facility (GEF) finances to mitigate climate disasters. these I is correct - GCF was established under Agreements in 2010 as a dedicated for developing countries within the global serving the Financial Mechanism of and the Paris Agreement. GCF is mandated to of its resources to mitigation and to grant equivalent. At least half of its adaptation be invested in the most climate vulnerable LDCs, and African States). The GCF recognizes that we must scale up both adaptation efforts. GCF aims to leverage minimize potential trade-offs between adaptation 2 is incorrect - Article 21 Of UNFCCC GEF to serve as the financial mechanism on an (not on permanent basis). Green Climate Fund adopted as the permanent financing mechanism Over time GCF is expected to become the financing mechanism to support climate develop

30. #70Full-length test
    Consider the following statements about methane and methane pollution:93. 1. Methane is a primary component of the Natural gas. 2. Globally, wetlands are the largest source of methane emissions. 3. Methane is the primary contributor to the formation of ground-level ozone.How many of the above given statements are correct? { } Only one With reference to Megasthenes' accounts of India, consider the following statements
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Methane (CH4) is a is a primary component of natural 2 is correct: Wetland methane (CH4) the largest natural source in the global CH4 to roughly one third of total natural emissions. As the second most greenhouse gas in the atmosphere after is strongly associated with climate 3 is correct: Methane is the primary the formation of ground-level ozone (by oxidizing), air pollutant and greenhouse gas, exposure causes 1 million premature deaths every year. Important Tips Sources of Methane emission: Among the sources, natural sources create of methane emissions and Human-related sources account for of the total emissions. The largest human source is from the production, distribution and combustion of fossil fuels. This creates of human methane emissions An important source of methane emissions is from enteric fermentation in farm animals. This creates of h

31. #71Full-length test
    Consider the following statements with reference to Nitrous oxide emissions: 1. Nitrous oxide is more potent greenhouse gas as compared to carbon dioxide. 2. Agricultural soil is a major source of the nitrous oxide emissions. 3. Nitrous oxide has the highest concentration among greenhouse gases responsible for global warming.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Global Warming Potential (GWP) measures how the emissions of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of 1 is correct: Nitrous Oxide has a times that of CO2 for a 100-year timescale. today remains in the atmosphere for more than on 2 is correct: Nitrous oxide emission soil is due to the natural biochemical process nitrogen 3 is incorrect: Nitrous oxide has the third highest concentration - after CO2 and methane - in among greenhouse gases responsible for Pot.ential of green house gases Gas GWP Lifetime (100-year). (years) Carbon Dioxide 1 100 Methane 27 12 Nitrous Oxide 273 109 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 1530 - 14 - 228 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)

32. #72Full-length test
    Consider the following statements about different aspects of 'carbon credit trading' in India: 1. Carbon credit is a permit allowing the of a predetermined amount of greenhouse gases per permit. 2. The Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022 empowered the Central Government to notify a 'carbon credit trading scheme'. 3. At present, a 'carbon credit certificate' is issued under the 'Perform, Achieve and Trade. (PAT)' scheme of the Central Government.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: A carbon credit is a the emission of predetermined amount (one of greenhouse gases per permit. They are to companies in order to limit their emissions them to sell the extra credits to another needs 2 is correct: Section of the (Amendment) Act, 2022 mandates Government for notifying a 'carbon credit in India. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has to formulate the complete framework. It a framework for both voluntary carbon compliance carbon 3 is incorrect: A carbon trading certificate issued under the 'Perform Achieve and Trade Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) is a to reduce specific energy consumption in industries. Under this scheme 'Energy are issued to the compliant industries

33. #73Full-length test
    Which of the following are the principal sources of indoor air pollution? 1. Suspended Particulate Matter 2. Carbon Monoxide 3. Radon 4. Asbestos 5. Oxides of ArsenicSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1, 2 and 4 only
    • B1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    • C2, 3 and 5 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct air pollution is the degradation of indoor air harmful chemicals and other materials; it can be up to worse than outdoor air principal sources of indoor air pollution building material, and bioaerosols. asbestos, pesticides, heavy metals, volatile and environmental tobacco smoke are indoor pollutants in developed countries, products of biomass fuels contribute most air pollution in developing incomplete combustion products of biomass suspended particulate matter, carbon hydrocarbons, polyorganic etc., which have adverse effects on combustion of coal results in production of oxides arsenic, and fluorine. Pollutants such as and semi volatile organic compounds are resins, waxes, polishing materials, cosmetics, Lastly, biological pollutants like dust mites, and infectious agents produced in stagnant carpets, and humidifiers too pollute indoor air

34. #74Full-length test
    Consider the following statements about Biogas production and use: 1. Biogas generation reduces the greenhouse effect by converting methane into its byproducts. 2. Byproducts of biogas generation can be used as a substitute to chemical fertilizers. 3. Biogas can be used to replace natural gas in vehicular fuel E J mlmHow many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. Biogas is the mixture of by the breakdown of organic matter in the oxygen (anaerobically), primarily consisting of carbon dioxide. Biogas can be produced from such as agricultural waste, manure, plant material, sewage, green waste or food is a renewable energy source. High levels of produced when manure is stored under 2 is correct. The byproduct of the process is enriched organic (digestate), which is supplement to, or substitute for, chemical 3 is correct. Biogas can be used to gas in many applications including steam production, electrical generation, and as a pipeline gas

35. #75Full-length test
    In the context of environmental policy, the term carbon leakage refers to
    • Arelease of carbon dioxide from the soil due to deforestation activities
    • Btransfer of carbon credits from a low emission country to a high-emission country
    • Cshifting of firms to countries with less stringent climate regulations regarding greenhouse gas emissions
    • Drelease of greenhouse gases during power generation from carbon-based fossil fuels
    Answer: (C) shifting of firms to countries with less stringent climate regulations regarding greenhouse gas emissions
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct leakage is a term used to denote the movement businesses out of developed shift their production to economies with less means that instead of getting sequestered, end up happening in another place

36. #76Full-length test
    Which of the following are the major Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)? 1. Carbon Tetrachloride 2. Carbon Dioxide 3. Methyl bromide 4. Chlorofluorocarbons 5. HydrofluorocarbonsSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 3, 4, and 5 only
    • B2, 3, and 5 only
    • C1, 3, and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
    Answer: (C) 1, 3, and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct ozone layer sits in the stratosphere between 15 km km above the earth. It absorbs most of the sun's (UV-B), limiting the amount of this radiation the surface of the 1, 3 and 4 are correct: (ODS) are synthetic chemicals, which were the world in a wide range of industrial and These substances causes thinning of the Researchers found evidence that linked the the ozone layer to the presence of substances (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl methyl bromide. The damage to the ozone layer each of these substances is expressed as their potential (ODP) in the stratosphere. The main these substances were in refrigeration and air and in fire 2 is incorrect: Carbon dioxide is a It absorbs a part of sun's radiation which is from the surface of earth. Due to this, the surface gets warmed and this is called greenhouse effect. It ozone depleting substance. 5 is incorrect:

37. #77Full-length test
    In the context of Underwater Noise Pollution and its impacts on m.arine organisms, consider the following statements: 1. Acoustic masking is the phenomenon of permanent of hearing ability of marine organisms due to noise pollution. 2. The anthropogenic noise makes it harder for dolphins to communicate and coordinate with each other; 3. International Ocean Noise Coalition an intergovernmental body created to address the issue of noise pollution in the oceans.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct of underwater noise include intense active mid range and low frequency sonar, ship traffic, use of construction, offshore oil drilling, and for oil and other related activities. levels in the marine environment are increasing rate. Ocean noise levels in some areas have decade for the past 60 1 is incorrect: Acoustic Masking is not of permanent loss of hearing ability of it is the phenomenon where organisms' perception sound is affected by the presence of another marine organisms depend on the interpretation information of their surrounding environment survival. Noise pollution affects marine communication through auditory masking affects their survival 2 is correct: A new study has found that by human activity makes it harder for dolphins and coordinate with each other. As the underwater noise increase, these mammals have to each other. The latest study, 'Anthropo

38. #78Full-length test
    With reference to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), consider the following statements: 1. It was established jointly by the World Meteorological Society and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 69. 2. It played an instrumental role in the creation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 3. IPCC on the request of National Governments can make binding treaties to combat climate change.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct: IPCC was established by Meteorological Society and the United Programme in 1988. The IPCC's to provide the world with a clear scientific view on state of knowledge in climate change and its and socio-economic 2 is correct: It is true that the IPCC played role in the creation of the United Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). first Assessment Report in 1990 played a in the creation of another UN climate body, in 3 is incorrect: Intergovernmental Panel Change (IPCC) role is restricted to about the state of knowledge of by examining all the relevant scientific literature subject and presenting comprehensive reports. { '.fesf - 6 cannot make binding treaty on the request of

39. #79Full-length test
    Black carbon is a component of particulate matter. In this context, what are the effects of Black carbon on Nature: 1. It increases the surface Albedo in polar region. 2. It may cause the evaporation of the clouds in the atmosphere. 3. It increases agricultural productivity. 4. It fastens the snow melting process.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct carbon, or soot, is part of fine particulate air and contributes to climate change. Black carbon by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, other 1 is incorrect: Black carbon is an to warming because it is very effective light and heating its surroundings. on ice and snow in polar regions, black co-emitted particles reduce surface albedo (the reflect sunlight) and heat the 2 is correct: Black carbon, like all particles atmosphere, also affects the reflectivity, stability of clouds and alters precipitation. Depending much soot is in the air and where black carbon sits atmosphere, it has different effects. If it absorbs the level where clouds are forming, they will it lies above lower stratocumulus clouds that sun, it stabilizes them and thus has a cooling it affects the formation of 3 is incorrect: Black carbon reduces the light available for crops to photosynth

40. #80Full-length test
    With reference to pollution caused by Petrol. and Diesel, consider the following statements: 1. Petrol engines emit a higher amount of as compared to diesel engines { } 2. Diesel engines produce more particulate matter containing sulphurous compounds as compared to petrol engines. 3. Selective catalytic reduction technology is used to reduce from diesel engines to water and oxygen.How many of the above given statements are incorrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. of longer carbon Diesel, higher is the probability of finding other sulphur and nitrogen attached to it. The nitrogen and sulphur content in diesel results formation of higher amounts of as compared 2 is correct. The relatively higher sulphur diesel engine results in the formation of containing mainly sulphurous 3 is incorrect. Selective Catalytic can reduce emissions up to 90 simultaneously reducing Hydrocarbons and emissions by 50-90 percent, and PM 30-50 percent. ( It does not reduce sulphur dioxide or oxygen) { }

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