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Geomorphology — UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions — page 2

184 solved previous year questions on Geomorphology, papers from 1993 to 2022, drawn from UPSC CDS, UPSC CAPF, UPSC CSE Prelims. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41UPSC CSE Prelims 1993
   Consider the climate diagram given below: O-i 1 20 40 Rtlativt Humidity The above diagram is related to the climate of which of the following regions?
   • ANorth-West region of India
   • BSouth region of India
   • CCentral region of India
   • DNorth-East region of India
   Answer: (D) North-East region of India
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is correct- The Earth's crust is made up types of rocks, each with its own properties. affect how the rocks are weathered and in turn affects the formation of landforms. sandstone is more easily eroded than granite, landforms are typically more rounded and than granite 2 is correct- There are many different can shape the Earth's surface, including deposition, and tectonic movements. The rates of these processes vary from place to place, why we see different landforms in different parts of For example, mountains are formed by while deserts are formed by the deposition and 3 is correct- Even if the type and structure of material and the land forming processes are the two different places, the rates at which these may be different. This is because factors such vegetation, and human activity can affect the weathering, erosion, deposition, and tectonic example, mount

2. #42UKPSC 2021
   Which plateau lies between the Aravalli and the Vindhya ranges?
   • AMalwa Plateau
   • BChhota Nagpur Plateau
   • CDeccan Plateau
   • DPeninsular Plateau
   Answer: (A) Malwa Plateau
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Plateau lies between the Aravalli and This plateau is of volcanic origin and is located India. It encompasses parts of western and southeastern Rajasthan. The Malwa region and cultural significance and was once a known as Madhya Bharat before being merged Pradesh

3. #43UPSC CDS 2022
   Which of the following statements about the coasts of India is/are correct? I. The West Coast of India is a high rocky, retreating coast. 2. The West Coast of India is dominated by erosional landforms. 3. The East Coast of India, however, is a low sedimentary coast exhibiting depositional forms.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C1 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is correct: The Western Coast of India by a high rocky coastline. It is influenced wave action from the Arabian Sea, The coast is long-term coastal retreat due to wave 2 is correct: The high-energy waves West Coast of India have resulted in the formation landforms such as cliffs, sea caves, sea stacks, platforms. These features indicate the processes occurring along the 3 is correct: The Eastern Coast of India, as the Coromandel Coast, is characterized by sedimentary coast. It is influenced by from rivers and longshore drift. such as beaches, spits, and estuaries are along the East Coast of India

4. #44UPSC CDS 2017
   Which of the following statements with respect to the Indian Peninsular Plateau are correct 1. The Deccan Plateau gradually rises from North to South. 2. The Malwa Plateau dominates the Vindhyan scraps, forming the Eastern flank of the plateau. 3. The Western Satpuras separate the Narmada and Tapi rivers. 4. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is composed of Archaean granite and gneiss rocks.Select the correct answer using the codes given below?
   • A1, 2, 3 and 4
   • B1, 3 and 4
   • C2 and 3
   • D1 and 3
   Answer: (B) 1, 3 and 4
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct answer. Statement l is correct- The Deccan Plateau, located in the southern part of the Indian Peninsula, gradually rises from north to south, forming an inclined plane. Statement 2 is incorrect- The Malwa Plateau is not part of the Vindhyan ranges. It is a separate plateau located in the western part of central India, spanning across the states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The Vindhyan ranges, on the other hand, lie to the south of the Malwa Plateau. Statement 3 is correct- The Western Satpura Range acts as a barrier and separates the Narmada and Tapi rivers. It runs roughly parallel to the Vindhyan ranges. Statement 4 is correct- The Chota Nagpur Plateau, located in the northeastern part of the Indian Peninsula, is indeed composed of Archaean granite and gneiss rocks

5. #45UPSC CAPF 2017
   Which one of the following statements about the Himalayas is not correct?
   • AThey are young fold mountains
   • BThey have geosynclinal rocks
   • CHimalayan Frontal Faults (HFF) separates Himalaya from Tibet
   • DIndus and Sutlej rivers form antecedent drainage in Himalaya
   Answer: (C) Himalayan Frontal Faults (HFF) separates Himalaya from Tibet
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Himalayan Frontal Faults (HFF) do not from Tibet, meaning that they are not between the two regions. The HFF are a reverse faults that demarcate the boundary of the which is the southernmost range of the the alluvial expanse of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, a large plain in northern India and Pakistan. The HFF known as the Main Frontal Thrust or the 1 APHY Important Tips The Himalayas are youllg fold mcmntaills, meaning that they are formed by the folding and uplifting of the Earth's crust due to tectonic forces. The Himalayas have geosynclinal rncks, rncaning that they have rocks that were in a geosyncline, which is a long and narrow trough of sedimentary rock between two tectonic plates The Indus and Sutlej rivers form antecedent drainage in Himalaya, meaning that they have maintained their courses across the rising mountain ranges. Antecedent drninage is a type of d

6. #46UPSC CAPF 2016
   Which of the following to geological system are correct? 1. They belong to Archaean geological period 2. They are metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. 3. They are of great economic importance for its mineral resources. 4. They are found predominantly in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Jharkhand.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1, 2, 3 and 4
   • B2, 3 and 4 only
   • C3 and 4 only
   • D1 and 2 only IHI
   Answer: (A) 1, 2, 3 and 4
   Explanation

   Option a is correct I is The Dharwar geological to the Archacan geological period. The is the oldest known geological period, elating around 4 to 2.5 billion years 2 is correct- The rocks in the Dharwar metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. to the process of changes in the m.ineralogy, composition of rocks due to high pressures 3 is The Dharwar system is of importance clue to its mineral resources. significant deposits of minerals like gold, ore, manganese, and others, making it an for mining 4 is correct-The Dharwar system is in the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, in India

7. #47UPSC CAPF 2014
   Which of the following statements with regard to the Indian Peninsular Plateau is/ are correct? 1. The Southern plateau block is formed mainly of granite and gneiss. 2. The Deccan lava plateau is an elevated tableland consisting of horizontally arranged lava sheets. 3. The Malwa plateau dominates the Vindhyan scraps, forming the Eastern flank of the plateau. 4. The trough of the Narmada and Tapti is interposed between the Vindhyan and the Satpura ranges.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
   • A1, 2 and 3
   • B1, 2 and 4
   • C1 and 2 only
   • D4 only
   Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 4
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct l is correct- The plateau block, the Nilgiri Hills, Anaim.alai Hills, and is predominantly composed of granite and 2 is The Deccan lava plateau, as the Deccan Trap, is a vast plateau region in of horizontally arranged layers of solidified 3 is incorrect- The Malwa plateau is a part Indian Peninsular Plateau, but it is not located in flank. It is situated in the northwest region of 4 is correct- The Narmada and Tapti rivers out a deep trough that lies between the and the Satpura range

8. #48UPSC CSE Prelims 2022
   the following l. Gujarat has the largest solar park in India. 2. Kernla has a fully solar powered 13. International Airport. 3. Goa has the largest floating solar photovoltaic project in India.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 and 2
   • B2 only
   • C1 and 3
   • D3 only
   Answer: (B) 2 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct answer. Black soil in India is formed by the weathering of fissure volcanic rock. Climatic condition along with the parent rock material the important factors for the formation of black soil. Black soils are spread mostly across interior Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh on the Deccan lava plateau and the Malwa Plateau, where there is both moderate rainfall and underlying basaltic rock

9. #49Previous year
   Which of the following countries is not a land-locked country? [. (Pre) 2005)
   • AAfghanistan
   • BLiberia
   • CLaos
   • DLuxembourg
   Answer: (D) Luxembourg
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct 1 is correct- The Earth's crust is made up types of rocks, each with its own properties. affect how the rocks are weathered and in turn affects the formation of landforms. sandstone is more easily eroded than granite, landforms are typically more rounded and than granite 2 is correct- There are many different can shape the Earth's surface, including deposition, and tectonic movements. The rates of these processes vary from place to place, why we see different landforms in different parts of For example, mountains are formed by while deserts are formed by the deposition and 3 is correct- Even if the type and structure of material and the land forming processes are the two different places, the rates at which these may be different. This is because factors such vegetation, and human activity can affect the weathering, erosion, deposition, and tectonic example, mount

10. #50UPPCS 2003
    Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): North Atlantic Sea route is the busiest sea route in the world. Reason It connects two major industrial zones of the world. In the context of the above statements which of the following is correct?
    • A(A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
    • B(A) and (R) both are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    • C(A) is true, but (R) is false
    • D(R) is true, but (A) is false
    Answer: (D) (R) is true, but (A) is false
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Antarctic Plate is one of the seven major that make up the Earth's lithosphere. Major are the largest units of the Earth's lithosphere, made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and The minor plates are smalier than the major they are often located near the boundaries of the The minor plates are more active than the and they are more likely to experience volcanic eruptions. Important Tips Major Plates: North American Plate South American Plate Pacific Plate India-Australia-New Zealand Plate Africa with the eastern Atlantic floor plate Eurasia and the adjacent oceanic plate Antarctica and surrounding oceanic plates Minor Plates: Cocos Plate Nazca Plate Arabian Plate Philippine Plate Caroline Plate Fuji Plate

11. #51Previous year
    White Mountains are founded in [U.P. (Pre) 200 l
    • ACanada
    • BNorway
    • CRussia
    • DUnited States of America
    Answer: (D) United States of America
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct extra-peninsular mountains of India were the Cenozoic Era. The Cenozoic Era is the era in the geological timescale. It began about years ago and continues today. The of India are the Himalayas, the and the Hindu Kush. These mountains were the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian collision began about 50 million years ago and is 32' _ )! fl 23 t i r Cenozoic Era Timeline Contla.ental M'C fonned due Plate is to votcanlani. s-u'.bduetbtg below the Eur UU Fotd.in.g of the cont.incot Conti.a.e.nt Colbton

12. #52Practice set
    Which of the following is incorrect in regard to the discontinuities in interior of the Earth?
    • AThe Conrad discontinuity is not found in oceanic regions
    • BThere is no change in the velocity of P waves while passing through the Mohorovicic discontinuity
    • CLehmann discontinuity is the transition zone between outer and inner core. 6
    • DRepetti discontinuity is the transition zone present within the mantle layer
    Answer: (B) There is no change in the velocity of P waves while passing through the Mohorovicic discontinuity
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct discontinuity is a zone within the earth where a in physical properties, such as the velocity of earthquake waves, occurs. Such a zone marks the the different layers of the earth such as between and a is correct: The Conrad discontinuity is a between upper and lower Crust. This boundary in various continental regions at a depth of 15 to however, it is not found In o nic ions. In the Conrad discontinuity the velocity waves increases abruptly from approximately 6 b is incorrect: The mohorovicic discontinuity transition zone between the crust and mantle. Tt entirely within the lithosphere except beneath Oceanic Ridge where it is defined as the lithosphere boundary. There is a change in the the P wave from 8 km/sec below the Moho to the Moho c is correct: Lehmann Discontinuity is zone between outer and inner core. It is increase of P-wave and S-wave velocities at the

13. #53Practice set
    With reference to the interior of Earth, consider the following statements: 1. Gneiss characterizes the continental crust while the gabbro characterizes the oceanic crust. 2. The asthenosphere is more ductile than the lithosphere but lesser ductile than the lower mantle. 3. The Earth's magnetic field originates due to the eddy currents formed in the outer core. 4. The inner core is composed primarily of iron and nickel.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Different types of rocks crust and mantle. Lithospheric crust by gneiss (continental crust) and gab crust). Below the Moho, the mantle is peridotite, a rock mostly made up of the mineral's 2 is incorrect: The asthenosphere is weaker layer beneath the lithospheric mantle. and pressure of the asthenosphere are so rocks soften and partly melt, becoming asthenosphere is much more ductile than either or lower 3 is correct: The outer core is believed to of iron, along with nickel and some other elements. Because of its high temperature, the exists in a low viscosity fluid-state that convection and rotates faster than the rest planet. This causes eddy currents to form in the which in turn creates a dynamo effect that is cause the Earth's magnetic 4 is correct: The inner core is of iron and nickel and has a radius 1,220 km

14. #54Practice set
    With reference to the interior structure of the earfo, consider the following statements: 1. It is from the outer core that molten rock materials reach the surface of Earth in the form of lava. 2. The transfer of heat and material in the mantle helps determine the landscape of Earth.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct consists of three main layers: the crust, the the core. The core accounts for almost half of but it amounts to only l of Earth's volume. Earth's volume is its mantle, and only a ( is its l is incorrect. The layer below the solid mantle. It has higher density than that of the crust. contains a weaker zone called asthenosphere. It this layer that the molten rock materials find to the surface. The material in the upper mantle called it starts moving towards the crust or it reaches it is referred to as lava. The material that ground includes lava flows, pyroclastic debris, ash and dust and gases such as nitrogen compounds and minor amounts of and 2 is correct. The transfer of heat and the mantle helps determine the landscape of in the mantle drives plate tectonics, volcanoes, seafloor spreading, earthquakes

15. #55Practice set
    Which of the following are direct source of information about the Earth's interior? 1. Volcanic eruption 2. Magnetic field 3. Gravitation 4. MiningSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 4 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C1, 2 and 3 only
    • D1, 3 and 4 only
    Answer: (A) 1 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l and 4 are correct. They are Direct sources about the Earth's interior -Volcanic earth 2 and 3 are incorrect. They are indirect sources about the earth's interior. Indirect sources waves, Meteorites, Gravitation, Radio activities etc

16. #56Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the Earth's crust: 1. Silicon is the most abundant element found in earth's crust. 2. Oceanic crust is generally denser than continental crust.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct l is incorrect. Oxygen is the most found in earth's crust followed by silicon. per cent of the total crust of the earth is composed elements like oxygen, silicon, aluminium, sodium, potassium and magnesium, and the rest by titanium, hydrogen, phosphorous, carbon, nickel and other 2 is correct. Continental crust is broadly composition and, with a density of about 2.7 grams cm, is somewhat lighter than oceanic crust, which (i.e., richer in iron and magnesium than granite) and has a density of about 2.9 to 3 grams till

17. #57Practice set
    With reference to the seismic waves, consider the following statements: 1. P waves are the first waves to be recorded on a seismograph during an earthquake. 2. S-waves are more destructive than P-waves because of their larger amplitudes. 3. Rayleigh waves cause only horizontal shearing of the ground. 4. Love waves usually travel slightly slower than Rayleigh waves.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct waves are caused by the sudden movement within the Earth, such as slip along a fault l is correct: P-waves, also known as primary pressure waves, travel at the greatest velocity through Because of their speed, they are the first waves to by a seismograph during an 2 is correct: S-waves travel about 1. 7 times P waves. In this case, particle motion is the direction of wave propagation. S-waves cannot air or water but are more destructive than of their larger amplitudes. S waves produce horizontal motion in the ground 3 is incorrect: Rayleigh waves, also roll, travel as ripples similar to those 011 the water. They move in an elliptical motion, a vertical and horizontal component of motion in of wave Statement 4 is incorrect: Love waves cause of the ground. Love waves (4.4 km/s) slightly faster than Rayleigh waves (3.5 km/s). parallel to the Earth's surface and perpe

18. #58Practice set
    Which among the following can be considered the best description for the Efasfo: Rebound Theory of Earthquakes?
    • Aof the nwlten lava from inside the crust causes earthquakes
    • BEarthquakes are caused by the elasticity of inner core of the earth. earth gradually stores stress that is released suddenly causing earthquakes
    • CAll three
    • DEarthquakes are ruptures of the surface as the result of strong ground shaking. 27
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct elastic rebound theory was given by Harry Fielding earthquakes. The elastic rebound theory is for how energy is spread during rocks on opposite sides of a fault are subjected to shift, they accumulate energy and slowly their internal strength is exceeded. At that sudden movement occurs along the fault, accumulated energy, and the rocks snap back to undeformed shape. If a stretched rubber broken or cut, elastic energy stored in the rubber the stretching will suddenly be released. crust of the earth can gradually store elastic stress released suddenly during an earthquake. In geology, rebound theory was the first theory to earthquakes. Previously, it was thought that the surface were the result of strong ground shaking

19. #59Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to Earthquakes: 1. The point within the Earth from where the energy is released is called the Epicentre of an earthquake. 2. Focus is the point at the surface which is directly above the Epicentre. 3. During Earthquake, the energy is released and travels in the form of seismic waves. GEHow many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct l is incorrect. If a small asteroid or large its fiery passage through earth's atmosphere on earth's surface, it is then called a 2 is incorrect. If a meteoroid enters the and vaporizes, it becomes a meteor; a

20. #60Practice set
    In the context of volcanic eruption, "Lahar" is the
    • Amolten rock that flows out of a volcano
    • Bhot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments
    • Cmixture of pulverised rock, ash and hot gases
    • Dvolcanic fallout consisting of fragmented rocks
    Answer: (B) hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or of water and rock fragments that flows down of a volcano and typically enters a river valley. basically mudflow of volcanic debris formed as a heavy rain on loose ash material and other volcanic generally occur on or near stratovolcanoes, such of the Aleutian volcanic arc in Alaska. Important Tips Facts about volcanic Lava: Molten rock that flows out of a volcano is called Lava and it is extremely hot with temperatures between 1000 - 2000 degree Celsius. A mixture of pulverised rock, ash and gases is a type of explosive volcanic hazard called pyroclastic density currents. They can move up to 100 Km/hour and occur when magma interacts explosively with water. Volcanic fallout consisting of fragmented rocks is termed Tephra. The particles range from a few metres to microns in size. They are hazardous to agriculture

21. #61Practice set
    Which among the following can be considered as Active Volcanoes? 1. Barren Island 2. Mount Mauna Loa 3. Mount Kilimanjaro 4. Mount Mauna Kea 5. Mount EtnaSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 5 only
    • B1, 3 and 4 only
    • C2, 4 and 5 only
    • D2, 3 and 4 only
    Answer: (A) 1, 2 and 5 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct: Barren Island is located in the It is considered an active volcano because it has multiple times in the past, with the most occurring in 2018. Since the Barren erupted at least ten 2 is correct: Mauna Loa is a large shield on the Big Island of Hawaii, in the United States. one of the most active volcanoes on Earth, with its occurring in 3 is incorrect: Mount Kilimanjaro is the in Africa, located in Tanzania, and it is dormant stratovolcano that has three distinct cones Mawenzi, and 4 is incorrect: Mauna Kea is a shield volcano the Big Island of Hawaii. Mauna Kea is one of the in the world. Mauna Kea last erupted years ago. It is considered a dormant 5 is correct: Mount Etna is an active volcano the east coast of the island of Sicily in Italy. It is one of active volcanoes in the world and has been millions of years

22. #62Practice set
    With reference to geomorphology, which among the following statements best describes the term 'Tephra'?
    • ASedimentary rock formed by the accumulation of river sediments
    • BA type of rock formed by the cooling and solidification of hot molten magma
    • CA geochronological technique in which archaeological records can be found
    • DSolid material that is ejected out during a volcanic eruption
    Answer: (D) Solid material that is ejected out during a volcanic eruption
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct a volcano erupts it will sometimes eject as rock fragments into the atmosphere. This known as tephra. The largest pieces of tephra are and bombs. Blocks and bombs are normally from the Tephra is a general term used to describe any that is ejected during a volcanic eruption. everything from tiny particles of volcanic ash to larger rocks and boulders. Tephra can be a variety of materials, including volcanic glass, fragments of lava

23. #63Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/ are correct regarding the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes around the world? 1. Volcanoes are located closely to regions that have been intensely folded or faulted. 2. In the central parts of the Atlantic Ocean, volcanoes are found almost parallel to the coastlines. 3. The Indian Ocean has been estimated to have around two-thirds of the world's volcanoes.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer.. l is correct: Volcanoes are located in a defined pattern around the world, closely related that have been intensely folded or faulted. along coastal mountain ranges, offshore islands the midst of oceans hut there,cire few i.n the interiors 2 is correct: In the central parts of the volcanoes are found almost parallel to the further extends into the Indian Ocean. It bifurcates a of the Indian subcontinenl wilh une branch East Africa and the other meeting a line to New Guiana. Also, their presence the mid oceanic 3 is incorrect: The greatest concentration that in the Circum-Padfic region (and not ocean region), popularly termed the 'Pacific Ring which has been estimated to include two-thirds of volcanoes

24. #64Practice set
    With reference to the intrusive volcanic landforms, consider the following statements:Volcanic Feature landfotm 1. Laccolith It is a body of intrusive rock with a dome shaped upper surface and a level base, fed by a conduit from below. 2. Lopolith It is a saucer shaped body of intrusive igneous rock, formed by the penetration of magma between the beds or layers of existing crustal rocks. 3. Batholith It is a large body of magmatic material that cools in the deeper depth of the Earth's crust.How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock dome-shaped upper surface and a level base, fed by from 2 is correct: Lopoliths are the saucer shaped body igneous rock, formed by the penetration of the beds or layers of existing rock and beneath the 3 is correct: Batholiths are the large body of that cools in the deeper depth of the crust the form of large domes. They appear on the after the denudational processes remove the Batholiths are the cooled portion of

25. #65Practice set
    Which one of the following experiences "intraplate seismidty"? 1. Narmada-Son region 2. Rann of Kutch 3. Latur regionSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A3 only
    • B2 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct answer. may also occur away from tectonically Such seismic activities, located within the from the plate margins, are called intraplate are generally confined lu llie weaker zones of crust. Th weaker zones are represented by fractures within the earth's crust and are generally than the ones found near the plate l is correct. One such zone of in-plate the Narmada-Son lineament, cutting across the uf Narmada south fault caused the earthquake (6.0 M) on May 22, 1997. Important Tips Tupli 2 is correct. The earthquake of January 26, Gujarat was also caused by the growing 'in-plate Kutch is a fault. Bhuj, lies close to the Allah in-plate seismicity if. due to the reactivation shields (stable parts of the Earth) and release 3 is correct. The intraplate scismicity caused earthquake of 30th September, 1993 in It is characterised by a rather localised on the segmented fault

26. #66Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the vokank mountains: 1. They can only occur near divergent boundaries of tectonic plates. 2. Composite volcanic mountains are the smallest type of volcanic mountains on the Earth. 3. Mt. Merapi, a type of volcanic mountain recently see in news, is located in Indonesia.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is incorrect: Volcanic mountains are in the drcum-Pacific belt; however, they can often found in places where tectonic plates converge. They can also be found in belt, East African-Arabian belt, Eurasia, 2 is incorrect: Cinder cones are also pyrodastic cones are the smallest and simplest volcanic mountains. Whereas, composite cones are large volcanoes generally lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and mudflow as well as lava 3 is correct: Mt. Merapi is the most in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since is one of the most active volcanos of Indonesia. It is the centre of the island of Java and Indonesia's Yogyakarta

27. #67Practice set
    In the context of volcanic eruptions, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Shield Volcanoes are characterized by highly fluid basaltic lava flows. 2. Composite volcanoes are characterized by explosive eruptions.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct volcano is an opening in the earth's crust through molten rocks materials (lava), ash, steam etc. outward in the course of an l is correct. In shield volcanoes, very high lava flows. The lava spreads in a thin layer These are the largest of all volcanoes of the large, broad cone with sides sloping gently away centre are the features of these volcanoes. They if somehow water gets into the vent; are characterised by 2 is correct. Composite volcanoes often explosive eruptions. Along with lava, large quantities material and ashes find their way to the material accumulates in the vicinity of the vent to formation of layers, and this makes the as composite volcanoes. Andesitic lava along material accumulates in the vicinity of the leading to the formation of layers, and this mounts appear as a composite volcano or a into layers)

28. #68Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Evidence of volcanism has been found in every terrestrial planet of our solar system. 2. Majority of volcanic activity on earth occurs along the mid-ocean ridges.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct is the eruption of molten rock (magma) onto of a l is correct. Planetary scientists have of volcanism on every terrestrial planet and of the moons and even some asteroids. While and Mercury have relatively small volcanoes, those Earth and Mars are large and 2 is correct. The mid-ocean ridge is a of undersea volcanic mountains more than 70,000 that stretches through all the ocean basins. It collection of volcanic ridges, rifts, fault zones, and GRAPHY It is formed and evolved as a result of spreading in at the divergent plate boundaries. The of volcanic activity on the planet occurs mid-ocean ridge, and it is the place where the crust Earth is born

29. #69Practice set
    Which of the following places fall within the Pacific Ring of Firef 1. Indonesia 2. Mount Fuji 3. Papua New Guinea 4. BoliviaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1, 2 and 3 only
    • B2, 3 and 4 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct of Fire is a long horseshoe-shaped seismically of earthquake epicentres, volcanoes, and tectonic that fringes the Pacific percent of Earth's volcanoes are located Ring of Fire. Ninety percent of Earth's along its path, including the planet's most violent seismic events. The abundance of volcanoes along the Ring of Fire is caused by the movement of tectonic plates in the area. - Mauna loo 1, 3 and 4 are correct. Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, United States, Japan, Philippines, Australia, Papua New New Zealand, and Antarctica are some of places located in the ring of the 2 is correct. Mount Fuji, Japan's tallest and mountain is an active volcano in the Ring of Fuji sits at a "triple junction", where three (the Amur Plate, Okhotsk Plate, and interact

30. #70Practice set
    With reference to volcanism, consider the following statements:l. Mountain slopes and valleys near eruption sites are less fertile. 2. Often valuable minerals such as gold and uranium are found near regions having volcanic aclivily.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct is the eruption of molten rock from inside to the surface. Volcanism occurs because of heat, and is associated with tectonic processes and of the rock l is incorrect. Volcanic eruptions result being dispersed over wide areas around the And depending on the chemistry of the magma it erupted, this ash will be contaia varying soil addition, eruptions release bits of rock such as amphibole, and feldspar, which are in turn rich magnesium, and potassium. As a result, regions large deposits of volcanic soil (i.e. mountain slopes near eruption sites) are quite 2 is correct. In addition to fertile soil, also leads to the formation of gems, precious valuable minerals such as gold and uranium. These wide array of uses from making jewellery, electronics manufacture. Volcanism has also led to as an alternative source of energy which contributes quota of electricity production

31. #71Practice set
    In the context of earthquakes and volcanoes, the Ring of Fire is associated with which of the following tectonic plates? 1. Inda-Australian Plate 2. Nazca Plate 3. Philippine Plate 4. North American PlateSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B1, 2 and 3 only
    • C2 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Ring of Fire, also referred to as the is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Its length 40,000 kilometers. It traces several tectonic plates. This includes the de Fuca, Cocos, Indo-Australian, Nazca, and Philippine than two-third of Earth's volcanoes occur along of Fire. Ninety percent of Earth's earthquakes its path

32. #72Practice set
    With reference to earthquakes, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. They are caused by the movements along the faults which are limited to the Earth's only. 2. Intensity of an earthquake is the evaluation of severity of ground motion at a given location. 3. The line joining the places which experience similar seismic intensity is called Isoseismic line.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 With respect to Addie lava
    Answer: (C) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Statement l is incorrect: Earthquakes are to be a phenomenon which is limited only movement along faults at earth's crust. But in the focus of earthquake is as deep as 670 occurs when oceanic crust slips under the at Wadati-Henioff 2 is correct: Intensity of an earthquake is of severity of ground motion at a given is measured by a Modified Mercali Scale. of an i.s to the energy the hypocenter. It is measured in Richter 3 is correct: lsoseismic line joins the have similar seismic intensity. On the other line joins the places where earthquake at the same time

33. #73Practice set
    Which of the following are extrnsive volcanic structures? 1. Caldera 2. Batholith 3. Mid oceanic ridge 4. CraterSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 3 and 4 only
    • B1, 2 and 3 only
    • C1, 2 and 4 only
    • D2, 3 and 4 only
    Answer: (A) 1, 3 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. Caldera: In some volcanoes, chamber below the surface may be emptied eruptions. The volcanic material above the into the empty magma chamber, and the appears like a large cauldron-like hollow (tub the caldera. It is an extrusive volcanic 2 is incorrect. Batholith is a large mass igneous rock that forms from cooled magma the Earth's 3 is correct. Mid oceanic ridge: divergent plate boundaries where basaltic oozes out. It is an extrusive volcanic 4 is correct. Crater is an inverted through which the magma flows out. It is an structure

34. #74Practice set
    Why there are no volcanoes in the Himalayan region?
    • AAsthenosphere is absent beneath Himalayas
    • BTemperature beneath the Himalayas is not very hot because of the absence of radioactive decay
    • CMagma cannot penetrate the thick continental crust of the Himalayas
    • DDivergence of the two continental plates
    Answer: (C) Magma cannot penetrate the thick continental crust of the Himalayas
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct case of formation of present-day South Asia, the two continental plates and not an oceanic plate. cases, due to folding and faulting, even those is retained which leads to frequent earthquakes, zone of subduction is as deep as 50 to 70 magma from the asthenosphere cannot penetrate thick continental crust and hence it stays in the crust, as of which there are no volcanoes in India and the South APHY

35. #75Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Volcano Explosivity Index: 1. The index measures how much volcanic material is ejected and how long the eruptions last. 2. The index is based on a logarithmic scale.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. The Volcanic Explosivity is a relative measure of the explosiveness of Volcano event is measured through index called as volcano explosivity index. measures volume of material ejected with height of column and duration of 2 is correct. The scale is open-ended or based on therefore, an increase of" 1" scale indicates an eruption 10 times more powerful number before it on the scale. Important Tips About Volcanic explosivity index: The scale doesn't take into account the damage to life and property and fatalities. Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. It measures how much volcanic material is ejected, the height of the material thrown into the atmosphere, and how long the eruptions last

36. #76Practice set
    These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt and are not steep. They are characterized by low explosivity. The upcoming lava m.oves in the form of a fountain. It throws out the cone at the top of the vent and develops into a cinder cone. The type of volcano described is: Practicebo
    • AIcel and ic Volcano
    • BHawaiian Volcano
    • CStrombolian Volcano
    • DPlinian Volcano
    Answer: (B) Hawaiian Volcano
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Volcanoes are a type of Shield volcanoes. are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava very fluid when erupted. For this reason, these not steep. They become explosive if somehow into the vent; otherwise, they are characterized by The upcoming lava moves in the form of and throws out the cone at the top of the vent into a cinder cone. Important Tips The Icelandic type eruption is characterized by effusions of molten basaltic lava that flow from long, parallel fissures. Such outpourings often build lava plateaus. E.g. Deccan Traps, Siberian Traps. Strombolian eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption, named after Stromboli (Lipari Islands, Italy). Strombolian eruptions are driven by the continuous formation of large gas bubbles within the magma. Upon reaching the surface, the bubbles burst with a loud pop, throwing magma in the air. In Plinian eruptions, dissolved

37. #77Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Pacific ring of fire. 1. It is the region where massive Pacific Plate interacts with less-dense plates surrounding it. 2. Transform faults do not occur in this region. 3. Most of the active volcanoes on the Ring of Fire are found on its western edge.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct. It is also known as the Belt. It traces the meeting points of many less plates, including the Eurasian, North de Fuca, Cocos, Caribbean, Nazca, Antarctic, Philippine, and other smaller plates, which the large Pacific 2 is incorrect. Plates overlap at called subduction zones along much of this fire. A significant exception is the border between and North American Plates. This stretch of of Fire is a transform boundary, where plates past one another. So, transform faults also this ring of 3 is correct. Most of the active volcanoes Ring of Fire are found on its western edge, from Peninsula in Russia, through the islands of Southeast Asia, to New Zealand

38. #78Practice set
    With reference to Volcanic arcs and Island arcs which of the following statements is/ are correct? 1. Convergence of two oceanic plates lead to the formation of Island arcs. 2. Volcanic arc is formed when two continental plates collide. 3. Volcanoes are absent on Island arc.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D3 only
    Answer: (B) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. When two oceanic plates collide the western Pacific Ocean, the volcanoes form a of islands, known as an island arc, that is parallel to as in the case of the Mariana Islands and the 2 is incorrect. Volcanic arc is formed plate collides with continental plate e.g., Andes of western south America. On the contrary continental plates collide volcanic arcs not are 3 is incorrect. Island arcs are the marine currently active or formerly active volcanoes near the boundary between two converging tectonic the crust of the overlying plate is less than most of the volcanoes lie below sea level. Only volcanoes form islands, which, therefore, island arc

39. #79Practice set
    With reference to earthquakes, consider the following statements: 1. P-waves creates density differences in the material leading to stretching (rarefaction) and squeezing (compression) of the material. 2. S-waves create troughs and crests in the material through which they pass. ok GEO 3. Shadow zones of S-waves and P-waves have helped scientists identify the composition of earth's interior.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct l is correct. There are two types of They are called P and S-waves. P-waves also compressional waves as they produce rarefaction when travelling through the 2 is correct. S-waves are also called as or shear waves or distortional waves. They to water ripples or light waves. Transverse shear waves mean that the direction of vibrations of in the medium is perpendicular to the propagation of the wave. Hence, they create troughs in the material through which they pass (they 3 is correct.Shadow zone is defined as that these waves are not detected due to their inability there depending on their characteristic features. between and from epicentre was identified shadow zone for both the types of waves. S-waves a transverse direction. The entire zone beyond receive S-waves and is shadow zone for S-waves. difference in arrival times, waves taking than expected (due to refrac

40. #80Practice set
    With reference to earthquakes, consider the following statements: 1. An earthquake of magnitude 8 on Richter Scale is twice as great as an earthquake of magnitude 4. 2. The Mercalli scale takes into account the visible damage caused by the event. 3. The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the hypocenter where a seismic rupture begins.How many of the above statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is Incorrect. The earthquake events are according to the magnitude or intensity of the magnitude scale is known as the Richter scale. relates to the energy released during the magnitude is expressed in absolute numbers, Richter Scale is a base-ten logarithmic scale. In an earthquake of magnitude 8 is not twice as an earthquake of magnitude 4 but 10,000 times as 2 is correct, The intensity scale called scale, takes into account the visible damage the event. The range of intensity scale is from 3 is correct. The point where the energy earthquake is released is called the focus or an earthquake. The energy waves travelling in reach the surface. The point on the to the focus, is called epicentre. It is the first one the waves. It is a point directly above the focus

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