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Gandhian Era — UPSC Prelims Modern History previous year questions — page 3

121 solved previous year questions on Gandhian Era, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from State PCS, UKPSC, UPPCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #81Practice set
   Consider the following statements with reference to Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts on caste and untouchability: 1. He organized the All India Scheduled Castes Federation. 2. He advocated the need for caste Hindus to do penance for miseries inflicted on untouchables. 3. He advocated for abolition of untouchability and not Varna system itself.How many of the above given statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1932, determined to undo the divisive intentions of divide and rule policy through Gandhi gave up all his other preoccupations a campaign against untouchability-first from then, after his release in August 1933, from outside 1 is incorrect. While in jail, Mahatma Gandhi the All-India Anti-Untouchability League in and started the weekly Harijan in January was Babasaheb Ambedkar who organized the All Castes Federation, while several other the depressed classes founded the All- India 2 is correct. His entire Harijan campaign on principles of humanism and reason. He said Shastras do not sanction untouchability, and if they should be ignored as it was against human dignity. the need for caste Hindus to do 'penance' for inflicted on Harijans. For this reason, he was to his critics such as Ambedkar. He said, if untouchability lives, untouchability has to die is to live:'

2. #82Practice set
   After withdrawal of Civil Disobedience Movement, which of the following ways of further struggle were considered by the nationalists? lmli Practiceboo 1. A constructive work on Gandhian lines. 2. Participation in central legislature elections. 3. Resumption and continuation of non constitutional mass struggle.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C1, 2 and 3
   • D1 and 3 only
   Answer: (C) 1, 2 and 3
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct the withdrawal of the Civil there was a two-stage debate on the of the nationalists: the first stage was on the national movement should take in the i.e., during the phase of non-mass struggle and the second stage, in 1937, considered the office acceptance in the context of provincial under the autonomy provisions of the Government Act, the first Stage debate three perspectives were put what the nationalists should work on immediately end of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The first traditional responses, while. the third one rise of a strong leftist trend within the Congress. perspectives 1 is correct. There should be constructive Gandhian 2 is correct. There should be a and participation in elections to the (due in 1934) as advocated by M.A. Ansari, Bhulabhai Desai, S. Satyamurthy and B.C. Roy argued that: in a period of political apathy, elections and council

3. #83Practice set
   Consider the following statements with reference to the Salt marches organized during the Civil Disobedience Movement: 1. K. Kelappan, marched from Calicut to Payanneer in defiance of salt laws. 2. Gopalbandhu Chaudhuri led a salt satyagraha in the coastal of Balasore and Cuttack districts.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
   Explanation

   Option is the correct the Dandi march of Mahatma Gandhi, defiance salt laws started all over the country. Nehru's April 1930 for of the salt law evoked in Madras, Calcutta and 1 is correct. K. Kelappan, a Nair Congress the Vaikom Satyagraha and marched from Payanneer in defiance of salt 2 is correct. In Orissa, under a Gandhian leader, salt satyagraha in the coastal regions of Balasore, Cuttack and Similarly, in Malabar region, K. Kelappan, a leader famed for the Vaikom Satyagraha, marches. Important Tips Other important leaders and the regions where they led the civil disobedience movement: P. Krishna Pillai Calicut beach Bombay Abbas Tayabji Chandraprabha Saikiani Assam Mohammed Yasin Khan Punjab Swami Govindanand Karachi and Sindh Duggirala Andhra Balara_makrishnaya A.K. Gopalan Kerala

4. #84Practice set
   With respect to the issue of office acceptance under the provisions of Government of India Act of 1935, consider the following statements: 1. Jawaharlal Nehru considered council entry as 'a spiritual defeat'. 2. Mahatma Gandhi advocated for a "continuous direct action" policy by the Congress. k mllltWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2 ) Neither 1 nor 2 215
   • DNone
   Answer: (A) 1 only
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct the Civil Disobedience movement, there debate among nationalists about the next phase struggle and participation in elections to 1 is correct. To Jawaharlal Nehru, the the Civil Disobedience Movement and council-entry recourse to constructive programmes represented defeat' and a surrender of ideals, a retreat revolutionary to the reformist mentality, and a to the moderate 2 incorrect. Jawaharlal Nehru Struggle - Truce - Struggle (S-T-S) the S-T-S strategy, Nehru argued that the Movement had reached a stage, after the call for Purna Swaraj programme, in should be a continuous confrontation and conflict with imperialism till it was overthrown. He advocated maintenance of a "continuous direct action" policy by the Congress and without the interposition of a constitutionalist phase. Real power, he said, cannot be won by two annas and four annas. Nehru thus suggested a

5. #85Practice set
   With reference to Indian freedom struggle, which of the following leaders participated in the Second-Round table conference? 1. Mahatma Gandhi 2 Jvfadan Mo hap Malviya 3 arojini Naidu fi.R, Ambedkar Ali JinnahSelect the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1, 3 and 4 only
   • B1, 2, 3 and 5 only
   • C2, 4 and 5 only
   • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
   Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct answer. The second Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. It was arranged by the British government to consider the future government of India. Following personalities were present during the conference - The Indian National Congress nominated Mahatma Gandhi as its sole representative. Rangaswami Iyengar and Madan Mohan Malaviya were also present at the conference. The representatives for Indian women were Sarojini Naidu, Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz and Radhabai Subbarayan. The Depressed Classes were represented by B.R. Ambedkar and Rettamalai Srinivasan. The Muslims were represented by Aga Khan Maulana Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, A.K. Fazlul Huq, Muhammad Iqbal etc

6. #86Practice set
   With reference to the Poona Pact, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The pact was signed between Ambedkar and Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and Upper caste Hindus respectively. 2. The Poona Pact earmarked a portion of the educational grant for the upliftment of depressed classes. 3. It provided for seats reserved for the depressed Classes in the Provincial Legislatures out of general electorates.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 3 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C1, 2 and 3 only
   • DNone of the above
   Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct answer. The Poona Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Ganclhi and B. R. Ambedkar on the reservation of electoral depressed classes in the legislature of British I.ndia 1 is incorrect - The Poona Pact was signed 24 by 23 people. Madan Mohan on behalf of Hindus and Gandhi, and Ambedkar of depressed classes. Instead of the 80 seats British, the depressed classes got 148 seats. At the the talks, Gandhi's trusted emissary, C his fountain pen with 2 is correct - The concessions agreed to in Pact were precursors to the world's largest launched much later in independent 'India. of measures was initiated later to uplift. and Scheduled Tribes. There pact also portion of educational grant for their uplift. It was that something concrete had to be done to a political voice as well as a leg-up to lift them froi backwardness they could not otherwise 3 is correct - The Poona P

7. #87Practice set
   Which of the following statements are the impact of Civil Disobedience Movement? 1. The import of foreign clothes and other items fell. 2. Government suffered a loss of income from liquor, excise, and land revenue. 3. Elections to the legislative assembly witnessed huge participation.Select the correct answer using the code given below
   • A1 and 2 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C1 and 3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement far and wide. It created distrust towards 1 is correct: As a symbol of resistance, stopped buying foreign items. It led to of such articles. Thus, the imports of foreign items 2 is correct: As one of the key programs of refusal to pay taxes, there occurred a huge loss to Government suffered a loss of income from and land 3 is incorrect: As the call for Self-rule grew, people refused to participate Elections. These elections were largely the masses

8. #88Practice set
   Consider the following statements with reference to Second Round Table Conference during Indian freedom struggle: 1. Gandhiji supported separate electorate for the minorities. 2. The Princely states agreed to join if a new federation was granted.Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct second Round Table Conference was held September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. National Congress nominated Gandhi as its 1 is incorrect: Gandhi pointed out in the Conference that there was a need of a Britain and India on the basis of equality. the untouchables were Hindus, and thus not to as a minority, he discarded the idea of a for them. He also said there was no need electorates or special safeguards for Muslims minorities. Many of the other delegates disagreed 2 is incorrect: The Princely States 'were about a federation, especially after of the formation of a Congress government at had receded after the suspension of civil

9. #89Practice set
   Consider the following statements with reference to Mahatma Gandhi's endeavour in South Africa: 1. Mahatma Gandhi set up the Natal Indian Congress to look into the question voting rights for Indians. 2. Mahatma Gandhi founded an Ambulance Corps of volunteers to support the British in the Anglo- Boer War. 3. Mahatma Gandhi founded the Phoenix Settlement for community living. 4. Mahatma Gandhi launched the Volkrust Satyagraha against the Registration of marriages Act.How many of the above given statements are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (D) All four
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct studied law in England, Gandhi, in 1893, went Africa in connection with a case involving his Abdullah. In South Africa, he witnessed the ugly white racism and the humiliation and contempt to who had gone to South Africa as labourers, 1 is correct. On 7th June 1893, he was thrown First-Class compartment of a Pretoria bound train The young lawyer spent the night in Hall on the deserted railway station. The he went through convinced him to take on a greater fight for the rights of Indians in South Africa. He in Durban and in 1894 the Natal was born to look into the question voting for Indians. Statement 2 is. correct. Mahatrp.a Gandhi Corps o_f around 1100 British in the War of 1899 9 that supp,ort for the British _would transl,ate conditions 'for Indians in Transvaal and South.general. His hopes, however, we re 3 is correct. He had set up the Phoenix, in 1904 in Nata

10. #90Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Non-cooperation Movement during Indian Freedom struggle: 1. The middle class participated in very large numbers in the movement. 2. Under leadership of J.M. Sengupta strikes in tea plantations in Assam had been organized. 3. Initially Lala Lajpat Rai did not favour Non-Cooperation Movement but later supported. 4. Alluri Sitaram Raju combined the demands of tribes in Andhra with those of the Non-Cooperation Movement.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi after the Jallianwala Massacre. It was first nationwide mass movement launched to resist British rule in India through nonviolent 1 is incorrect. People from the middle classes movement in the beginning but later they showed a reservations about Gandhi's programme. In places Bombay and Madras, which were centres of the response to Gandhi's call was very 2 is correct. In Assam, strikes in tea services, and Assam-Bengal Railways had J.M. Sengupta was a prominent leader in He was a Bengali nationalist leader, supported on tea plantations in Assam in their protests 3 is correct. Lala Lajpat Rai was initially favour of the policy of Non-Cooperation Movement against the boycott of schools) but later he movement. In fact, he protested against its 4 is correct. Alluri Sitaram Raju led the tribes and co

11. #91Practice set
    Which of the following was the reason for the No Changers to oppose council entry post the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
    • AIt would be akin to giving legitimacy to British rule
    • BIt would alienate the rural masses
    • CIt would create distrust and discord among the Indians
    • DIt would lead to lack of preparedness among the people for the next movement
    Answer: (D) It would lead to lack of preparedness among the people for the next movement
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct a is incorrect: Indians had been British legislative councils since the they advocated for freedom of India, with Participation in legislative councils was British policies and expose their true involved exploiting India for Britain's gains. that did get elected to the legislative council British rights over India and constantly increased of power to Indians, b is incorrect: The rural masses did not negative reaction to the partidpation of Indian the legislative councils. This may be attributed to that most of them did not understand modern were relatively new to the national freedom Mass participation, especially from rural areas, the arrival of Gandhi only. Also in the future, the rule of an Indian party in the than the Britishers (1937 elections under India Act 1935 which introduced provincial responsible government in the c is incorrect: Although the viewpoint

12. #92Practice set
    Which of the following is/are the reasons for Mahatma Gandhi to launch Individual Satyagraha during World War II? 1. To show the discontent towards rising prices of commodities in India. 2. To assert the right of speech of Indians against the war efforts. 3. Mass movement at that time was not conducive as it might turned aggressive. !I um.II.II Select the c.orrect answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct reaction to the August Offer, Gandhiji called for a Satyagraha'. It was a protest against the and its inability to accommodate the I is incorrect: Individual Satyagraha was of the August offer's failure in providing a for India's future political status. The issue of of commodities because or war was not the the Individual Satyagraha. Hence the statement 1 Statement 2 is correct: The Individual Satyagraha was to affirm the right of speech against the war efforts. Statement 3 is correct: The radicals and leftists wanted to launch a mass Civil Disobedience Movement, but Gandhiji insisted on individual satyagraha, as he thought that mass movement might turn aggressive. Important Tips The main aims for launching individual satyagraha were

13. #93Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the features of Quit India Movement: 1. The movement endorsed the defiance of government authority. 2. The Quit India Movement was accommodative of violence directed against the state. 3. Anybody who believed in the complete independence of the country could join it.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Quit India Movement, 1942 was less ambiguous in objectives. It was launched to ensure the of British power from India. The had four main I is correct: The.movement was to be marked defiance of government 2 is correct: was accommodative of against the stdte. 1 3 is correct: It aimed at destro,ing British India. Unlike earlier movements when !Gandhi had satyagrahis to join the movements, anybody in the complete independence of the country it now. Students were urged to play a prominent part lead the movement

14. #94Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the British response to Quit India Movement: 1. The martial law was enforced all over India. 2. All the major leaders were arrested, except for Mahatma Gandhi. 3. Government reduced the taxes and fines to appease the rebellious villagers.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect: The martial law was not but the repression was severe. Agitating tear-gassed and fired 2 is incorrect: On 8 August 1942 at the.. Congress Committee session in Bombay, Gandhi launched the 'Quit India' next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders. Indian National Congress were arrested by the Upon his release in 1944, Gandhi resistance and went on a 21-day 3 is incorrect: The government resorted in order to stop the agitation. Rebellious fined heavily, and in many villages mass flogging The military took over many cities

15. #95Practice set
    The Quit India Movement has been described as the most massive anti imperialist struggle on the eve of Partition and Independence. In this context, which of the following statement is the. immediate reason for the start of Quit India Movement?
    • AAnnouncement of dominion status under August offer by Linlithgow
    • BThe failure of the Cripps Mission to solve the constitutional deadlock
    • CAnnouncement of Individual Satyagraha by Mahatma Gandhi
    • DThe Failure of Wavell Plan to negotiate on future of princely states with the Congress
    Answer: (B) The failure of the Cripps Mission to solve the constitutional deadlock
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Quit India Movement has rightly been described as massive anti-imperialist struggle on the eve of a is incorrect: Linlithgow announced the in 1940, which proposed for the dominion status objective for India; however, this was not the for launch of Quit India b is incorrect: The main reason for the launch India mission was the failure of the Cripps solve the constitutional deadlock. It exposed unchanged attitude on constitutional advance it clear that any more silence would be accepting the British right to decide the fate of consulting c is incorrect: Towards the end of 1940, decided to initiate a limited satyagraha on basis by a few selected individuals in The aims of launching individual satyagraha show that nationalist patience was not due to this was not the immediate reason for launch India dis incorrect: Wavell plan was introduced to have representation' of

16. #96Practice set
    Consider the following statement regarding Gandhiji's specific instructions for sections of the people during the 'Quit India Movement of 1942':L Government servants should openly r declare their allegiance to the Congress. 2. Soldiers were asked to refuse to fire on our own people. 3. The Princes were asked to 'accept the sovereignty of theii own people. 4. Peasants should refuse to pay the land revenue to any of the Zamindars.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Gandhi planned an all-out campaign (Quit in 1942) to compel British withdrawal from the failure of the Cripps Mission to reach a the historic August meeting at Gowalia Tank in proclaimed his mantra-'do or speech also contained specific instructions sections of the people

17. #97Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to the "Quit India Resolution"? 1. The resolution was first proposed by Yusuf Mehetally, a socialist and trade unionist. 2. The resolution stated that the Quit India Movement was a 'Leaderless Movement'. 3. The resolution proposed to form a provisional Government of India after British withdrawal.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D3 only
    Answer: (D) 3 only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct the failure of the Cripps Mission, the advances of in South-East Asia and the general the British in India, Gandhiji decided to utilise to launch a national movement which called voluntary British withdrawal from India. The famously as Quit India 1 is incorrect: The Quit India resolution by Jawaharlal Nehru and seconded by and was ratified at the Congress meeting at Bombay, on August 8, Meherally, a socialist and trade unionist and Mayor coined the slogan Quit India Statement 2 is incorrect: The Quit India resolution as the leader of the struggle, thus the the Quit India movement as leaderless not correct. On 9 August 1942, Gandhi, members of Working Committee and other Congress arrested by the British Government under the India Rules. People took their movement in their and devised a freedom struggle in their own 3 is correct: It is true that the Quit proposed to

18. #98Practice set
    During the Qnit India Movement, a parallel government was established in Satara region of Maharashtra. In this context, which of the following statements are correct? 1. Nada Patil played an instrumental role in a parallel government in Satara. J 2. This governmenf conducted "Gandhi marriages" to which untouchables were invited.Which of the statements given above are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct the course of the Quit India Movement governments were launched by Indian administer their own affairs. In following places, governments had been set up, Satara in in Bengal, Bhagalpur in Bihar, Ballia in and Basudevpur in 1 is correct: Satara parallel government in the name of Prati Sarkar and was active to 1945. Some of the prominent leaders the Satara Parallel Government are Nana 2 is correct: The Satara Government marriages which was a frugal style of to which so called untouchables were invited. the important leader of Satara Parallel influenced by Mahatma Phule's Satyashodhak worked towards social reform through various establishing the frugal style of marriage ceremonies

19. #99Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the objections raised over C. Rajagopalachari (CR) Formula: 1. Mahatma Gandhi strongly condemned the Plan as it demanded for partition of India. 2. Mohammed Ali Jinnah condemned the plan as it provided for all sections of people to vote in plebiscite in North-West and North-East India.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct answer. During Indian national Movement (INM), Various made to solve the constitutional crisis. In fact, also tried to come up with For example, C. Rajagopalachari (CR), the leader, prepared a formula for in I is incorrect: Mahatma Gandhi supported Rajagopalachari formula. However, some sections leaders opposed it. For example, Vir Savarkar, leader condemned the CR 2 is correct: Mohammed Ali Jinnah opposed as he wanted the Congress to accept the Two Secondly, he wanted only the Muslims of and North-East to vote in the plebiscite and not population. Thirdly, he also opposed the idea of Centre. Important Tips C. Rajagopalachari (CR) Plan

20. #100Practice set
    Which of the following statements are correct regarding reasons for Mahatma Gandhi's success in achieving Indian Independence? 1. Gandhi assumed the existence of a homogeneous political society in British India. 2. He created a band of selfless, enlightened and dedicated group of political workers. 3. Gandhi's advocation of ahimsa and satyagraha deepened his authority as a political leader.Select the correct answer. using the codes given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2, and 3
    Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. 1 is incorrect. Gandhi's predecessors assumed of a homogeneous political society; this their efforts at organizing broad-based However, Gandhi, interestingly, shared that India was a loose constellation of and religious 2 is correct. The direct physical form in 'masses' appeared in the political arena was always a mob. It had no mind of its own. In order to 'masses' in political action, it was necessary to selfless, enlightened and dedicated group of who would lead the masses and deter them Markovits puts it, Gandhi's invitation to the people participate in political movements was through his small group of faithful were meant to serve as examples to the masses'. to serve as exemplars, this dedicated group of to gain mastery ovu the body and overcome that could only be done through ahimsa, 3 is correct. Ahimsa both limited satyagraha it more than 'purely a

21. #101Practice set
    With reference to Gandhi's fast in March, 1943 against the British oppression, consider the following statements: 1. It was in opposition to the communal riots in Bombay and Ahmedabad. 2. All the members of the viceroy's executive council resigned in of Gandhi.Which of the given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect. In February 1943, fast to protest against Government's propaganda of disturbances after Quit India that of Congress. Iri. 05-07 May, 1941, fasting because of communal riots in Boinbay' 2 is incorrect. Only three members and not members of the viceroy's executive council resigned sign of support to Gandhi's fast of 1943. Also,. by the people were organised at home and hartals, demonstrations and strikes

22. #102Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to events during the 'Quit India Movement': 1. The 'Quit India resolution' appealed to all government servants to resign from their services. 2. Revolutionary nationalists did not participate in the movement. 3. Congress committees were declared unlawful associations by the government.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer. Statement 1 is incorrect. The 'Quit India resolution' did not made such an appeal to all government servants to resign from their services. In fact, Mahatma Gandhi's general instructions to government servants during the Quit India Movement were not to resign but to declare their allegiance to the Congress. Statement 2 is incorrect. Revolutionary nationalists actively participated in the movement. By the end of September, 1942, the Movement was under the control of revolutionary nationalists when all important leaders were arrested and the movement became leaderless. E.g., Jayprakash Narayan formed Azad Dasta in the jungles of Nepal and trained the guerillas in storming the jails. The revolutionaries also succeeded in setting up parallel governments at many places. Statement 3 is correct. Various committees of Congress like The Congress working Committee,

23. #103Practice set
    Consider the following pairs:Used air force transportslo fly clandesthie missions. 2. Jai Prakash Organised Azaad Narayan Dasta in Nepal. 3. Biju Patnaik Hoisted the Indian Hag at Gowalia Tank ground.How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer Pair I is incorrectly matched. Aruna Asaf Ali, also known as the 'Grand Old Lady' of the Independence Movement, participated in the underground activities during the Quit- India movement. She gave the much-needed push to the Quit India Movement by hoisting the Indian Flag at the Gowalia Tank ground. Pair 2 is correctly matched. Jai Prakash Narayan organized an "Azaad Dasta'' (freedom brigade) in Nepal for fighting the tyranny of British rule. Pair 3 is incorrectly matched. Biju Patnaik used air force transports to fly clandestine missions that carried freedom fighters like Ram Manohar Lohia from hideouts across India to secret meetings. He actively joined the Quit India [ in 1942 and collaborated with the

24. #104Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Quit India movement? 1. Students, workers and peasants joined the movement. 2. Do or Die slogan was given by Subhas Chandra Bose during the movement. 3. It was also called a movement.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Students, workers and the backbone of the Quit India movement while classes and bureaucracy remained largely loyal to 2 is incorrect. During the 1942 Quit Mahatma Gandhi gave 'do or die' slogan to of India in a final push to make the British 3 is correct. The Quit India movement was a leaderless movement as this movement was leaders. Almost all the leaders got arrested

25. #105Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Quit India movement was launched during the tenure of Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Britain. 2. Winston Churchill condemned the incident of Jallianwala Bagh.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Quit India movement was 1942 due to failue of Cdpps mission send by the Winston Chuchill of Bdtain. Winston Prime Minister of Britain during 1940 to 2 is correct: In 1919, Jallianawala bagh place. Winston Churchill was Secretary of State at that time in England. In the House of condemned what had happened at Amdtsav. it "monstvous"

26. #106Practice set
    With reference to Subhash Chandra Bose, consider the following statements: 1. He opposed Motilal Nehru Report which called for dominion status for India. 2. He opposed the signing of the Gandhi- Irwin Pact in 19 31.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. He along with opposed the Motilal Nehru Report which dominion status for India. Bose was all for he also announced the formation of 2 is correct. He was vehemently against of the Civil Disobedience Movement and of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in 1931, especially as refused to negotiate on the death sentence Singh and his associates

27. #107Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: 1. C.Rajagopalachjari Salt March 2. C.R. Das Non-Cooperation Movement 3. Jayaprakash Quit India Narayan MovementHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correctly matched. M.K. Gandhi formally Civil Disobedience Movement in April, 1930 by picking of salt after the completion of historic 'Dandi Rajagopalachari led a salt march from Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast in Tamil support of the Civil Disobedience Movement. He in 2 is correctly matched. C.R. Das moved the on non-cooperation in the annual of the Congress in 1920 and played a major role the movement. A successful lawyer, he law courts and gave up a lucrative 3 is correctly matched. Jayaprakash Narayan member of the' Congress Socialist group and played role in the Quit India movement

28. #108Practice set
    R,egarding women's participation in the Quit India Movement, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Usha Mehta ran the Congress radio during the Quit India Movement. 2. Aruna Asaf Ali and Sucheta Kriplani participated in the underground movements against the British. I [ ] 3. Sumati Morarjee helped in the arrest of Achyut Patwardhan, an activist.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 only
    • C1 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer Statement 1 is correct. Usha Mehta was prominentin of the Congress Radio which operated different cities during Quit India 2 is correct. The personalities taking activity were were Rammanohar Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Usha Mehta, Chhotubhai Puranik, Achyut Patwardhan, and R.P. 3 is incorrect. Sumati Morarjee helped. evade and detection by British. she provided different cars on different days to

29. #109Practice set
    Consider the following statements with respect to Indfan Capitalist class: 1. Tlie FICCI was the first all-India indigenous business association. 2. R. D. Tata others started an Anti- Non-Cooperation Society.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerc.e and Industry (FICCI), the first all-India indigenous business association, was established in 1927. Statement 2 is correct. There was wide divergence between the capitalists engaged in trade and finance and those in industries. Indian capitalists worked out an astute strategy that wished to do away with imperialism but not capitalism. In general, big industrialists either remained aloof or were directly opposed to mass agitation sanctioned by noncooperation. If Birla and Bajaj donated huge sums to the Tilak Swaraj Fund, Purushottamdas Thakurdas and R. D. Tata started an Anti-Non-Cooperation Society in Bombay the Non-Cooperation/Khilafat Movement. Impotant Tips The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI): of the maturity of the Indian capitalists who, since the beg

30. #110Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding 'Quit India Movement': 1. Imminent Japanese threat provided impetus to Congress to launch Quit India Movement. 2. The Quit India resolution declared commitment of free India to defend itself against all types of Fascism and imperialism. 3. Jawaharlal Nehru was declared as the leader of the struggle by Congress. -f 4. Usha Mehta set up an underground radio in Bombay to provide a line of command.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Exp) Option c is the correct 1 is correct. News of reverses suffe.red British in South East Asia and an imminent enhanced popular willingness to give discontent. The Japanese troops were approaching of India. Popular faith in the stability of was so low that people were withdrawing deposits and post offices. The leadership wanted to masses for a possible Japanese 2 is correct. The Quit India Resolution at the Congress meeting at Gowalia Tank, August 8, 1942. The meeting also resolved demand an immediate end to British rule in India. declare commitment of free India to defend itself against all types of Fascism and form a provisional Government of India after British sanction a civil disobedience movement against British 3 is incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi was named of the struggle. Gandhi's special instructions out at'lthe meeting but not actually followed up'wfth the now-famous exhortation:

31. #111Practice set
    Which of the following was the reason for Mahatma Gandhi to oppose immediate mass struggle in 1940?
    • AHe believed in the cause of British and its allies in war efforts
    • BThe Congress adopted a resolution to support Britain during the war
    • CMajority of national leaders were in prison or detained
    • DThe British government agreed to establish some form of democracy in India after the war
    Answer: (A) He believed in the cause of British and its allies in war efforts
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct and his supporters were not in favour of struggle in 1940 because they felt that the in World War was just. Gandhi had all sympathy in this war because of his total dislike of the and he advocated an unconditional support Allied powers. He made a clear distinction between nations of Western Europe and the and fascists. Important Tips Other reasons for not launching a mass struggle in 1940- Communal sensitiveness and lack of Hindu-Muslim unity could result in communal riots. Congress organisation was in shambles. the atmosphere was not conducive for a mass struggle. Masses were not ready for a struggle

32. #112Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Special instruction was issued to various sections of the society in Quit India resolution by Sardar Patel. 2. Under Quit India movement Gandhi asked Government servants to immediately resign as a show of allegiance towards Congress. 3. During Quit India movement, princely state's people were asked to support the ruler only if the ruler is anti-government.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer. The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India. Statement 1 is incorrect. The Quit India Resolution was ratified at the Congress meeting at Gowalia Tank, Bombay, on August 8, 1942. Mahatma Gandhi's special instructions were spelt out at the Gowalia Tank meeting but not actually issued. They were directed at various sections of society. Statement 2 is incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi's General Instructions to Government Servants was not to resign but declare your allegiance to the Congress. Soldiers were to not leave the Army but do not fire on 3 is correct. Under Mahatma Gandhi's Princes were asked to support the masses sovereignty of your people. Princely states' instruct

33. #113Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Forward Bloc 'members actively participated in the underground activities during Quit India movement. 2. Quit India movement signified complete adherence to Gandhian instruction of non-violent mass struggle. 3. The Communists and Hindu Mahasabha did not join the Quit India Movement of 1942.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Many nationalists went took to subversive activities. The participants in were the Socialists, Forward Bloc members, revolutionary nationalists and local Bombay, Poona, Satara, Baroda and other parts of Kerala, Andhra, United Provinces, Bihar Usha Mehta started an underground radio in phase of underground activity was meant to keep morale by continuing to provide a line of guidance to distribute arms and 2 is incorrect. Quit India Movement was non-violent struggle. The general symbols of authority, and hoisted national on public buildings. Satyagrahis offered to arrest, bridges were blown up, railway tracks and telegraph lines were cut. This kind of most intense in eastern United Provinces and the need for non-violence was always mantra of Do or Die represents the militant Gandhi:' -Sumit 3 is correct. The Communists and did not join the Quit India M

34. #114Practice set
    With reference to Quit India movement (QIM), consider the following statements: 1. The movement was attributed with severe repression by British government of agitating crowds. 2. The participation of Upper classes and Bureaucracy in Quit India movement was poor due to their loyalty to British.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. As the Quit India Movement repression from the Britishers was severe. were lathi-charged, tear-gassed and fired number of those killed is estimated at 10,000. The muzzled. The military took over many cities; police service reigned supreme. Rebellious villages heavily and, in many villages, mass flogging was this struggle, the common people displayed and militancy. The repression they faced was brutal, and the circumstances under which offered were most 2 is correct. Students, workers and the backbone of the Quit India movement while classes and the bureaucracy remained Government officials, especially those. lower levels in police and administration, in erosion of government loyalty

35. #115Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the nationalist critique of the colonial economy in India: 1. Prithwishchandra Ray and Gopal Krishna Gokhale were key people in the nationalist critique of colonial economy. 2. It was argued that India has been made a field for investment of British capital.Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Satyagraha was a protest against the British in colonial India in May, 1930. Following the the Salt March to Dandi, Mahatma Gandhi chose a nonviolent raid of the Dharasana Salt Works in Gujarat next protest against British rule. But before he the salt march at dharasana, he was arrested. Dharasana Satyagraha was organized by the Imam Sahib and Manila} (Gandhi's son) and (Jawaharlal Nehru was not a part of

36. #116Practice set
    Consider the following statements, with reference to Wardha scheme of basic education, 1937: 1. It recommended a craft-centered education for children. 2. It stated that the primary education should be given in mother tongue. 3. It was based on Jawaharlal Nehru's vision about education.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. The main principle behind the was 'learning through activity'. It education for 2 is correct. It advocated for free and seven years of schooling throughout the country should be given in mother 3 is incorrect. It was not based on vision but Gandhi's. Important Tips Idea of Wardha scheme: It was based on Gandhi's articles published in the weekly Harijan. According to Gandhi, the western education was not effective in Indian situation and it has created two classes in the society i.e. elites and the masses

37. #117Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding Rabindranath Tagore's views on education: 1. He believed that creative learning could be encouraged within a natural environment only. 2. He wanted to combine the best of both Western and Indian education systems.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Tagore was of the view that could be encouraged only within a So, he chose to set up his school l 00 from Calcutta, in a rural setting. He saw it as an peace (santiniketan) Statement 2 is correct. Gandhi was highly critical of and its worship of machines and wanted to combine elements of modern with what he saw as the best within He emphasized the need to teach science at Santiniketan, along with art, music and dance

38. #118Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as the President of All-India States' People's Conference in 1939. 2. Due to ongoing political instability, the Congress asked the people of princely states to not to participate in the Quit India Movement.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct. In 1939, Jawaharlal Nehru as. the president of the All-India States' a step that marked the merger of the two democratic movement in princely states and British the ending of the oppressive rule of the Indian a part of the nationalist movement's programme aim of building a united India was firmly laid 2 is incorrect. The Quit India Movement in August 1942 and it was made clear that now no distinction to be made between the people of and the States: every Indian was to participate. the Congress made no distinction between British the Indian States and the call for struggle was the people of the States. The people of the States joined the struggle for Indian Solution Option d is the correct a is correct. As per the Mountbatten Plan of had conceded a unified India. Hence, princely states was completely ruled out-they either India or Pakistan. Thus, the

39. #119Practice set
    Consider the following statement with reference to the state of Punjab in the post independent India: 1. Initially, it was a trilingual state having three language speakers-Punjabi, Hindi and Pahari. 2. Punjab was split into two states during the tenure of Indira Gandhi. 3. One of the issues in Punjab problem was that of state language.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C1, 2 and 3
    • D2 and 3 only
    Answer: (C) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. In 1956, the states of PEPSU merged with Punjab, which, however, trilingual state having three language Hindi and Pahar ithin its borders. Statement 2 is correct. In March 1966, Indira Gandhi, Honourable Prime Minister, announced that be split into two states: Punjabi-speaking Hindi-speaking Haryana, with Kangra being Himachal 3 is correct. Two major issues, which were secular but were communalized by Sikh communalists, dominated Punjab politics till first issue was that of state language: to decide to be the language of administration and bilingual Punjab. The Hindu communalists wanted for Hindi and the Sikh communalists for Punjabi Gurmukhi script. Important Tips Punjab Boundary Commission: Indira Gandhi appointed the Punjab Boundary Commission, whose terms of reference were accepted by both sides. The Commission by a majority of two to one awarded

40. #120Practice set
    "Launched in September 1983, by Salkani villagers in Uttara Kannada this was an environmental movement against commercial felling of trees and taking away of traditional sources of livelihood from forest dwelling tribes. It was spearheaded by Gandhian Pandurang Hegde. The locals hugged the trees in order to prevent the implementation of orders allowing commercial extraction of wood. It was a successful movement, as the government had to withdraw the felling permit after 38 days." Which of the post-independence environmental movements is described above?
    • AChipko Andolan
    • BJungle Bachao Andolan
    • CSave Silent Valley Movement
    • DAppiko Movement
    Answer: (D) Appiko Movement
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Movement: This was an environmental 1983 in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. It Sirsi, and spread to many areas of Western exploited for commercial felling of trees, backed permissions. It was a people's movement. It by the Chipko Movement of 1973

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