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Gandhian Era — UPSC Prelims Modern History previous year questions — page 2

121 solved previous year questions on Gandhian Era, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from State PCS, UKPSC, UPPCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41State PCS 2013
   Which of the following statements is not true as per Gandhian Principle?
   • AThe aim of Satyagrahi is to defeat the enemy
   • BThe weapon of Satyagraha is Ahimsa
   • CSatyagrahi should be firm in his belief
   • DSatyagrahi should have no feeling towards his enemies
   Answer: (A) The aim of Satyagrahi is to defeat the enemy
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct statement that is not true as per Gandhian The aim of Satyagrahi is to defeat the enemy. This Gandhi did not consider his opponents as as friends who were misguided or ignorant of He said, "I do not believe in short-victories over I do not want to end his wickedness by I want to convert him:' He also said, "The real when your opponent realizes the truth and changes Therefore, the aim of Satyagrahi was not to defeat but to win him over by appealing to his reason

2. #42State PCS 2013
   As per Mahatma Gandhi politics meant
   • AReligionless politics
   • BActivity for public welfare
   • CTruthless politics
   • DNone of the above
   Answer: (B) Activity for public welfare
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Gandhi believed that politics meant the service people and the nation. He said, "Politics divorced has absolutely no meaning for me." He also should be sacred and not a game of politics was based on the principles of truth, nonviolence, and self-rule. He fought for India's the British colonial rule and for the upliftment oppressed and exploited sections of the society. advocated for social reforms such as abolition emancipation of women, promotion and health, and protection of environment

3. #43State PCS 2013
   Gandhi's boycott of British made products was effective because the British considered India, a major
   • AShipping centre
   • BIndustrial centre
   • CMarket for manufactured goods
   • DSource of mineral resources
   Answer: (C) Market for manufactured goods
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct Gandhi's boycott of British made products because the British considered India as a for their goods. They exported various items textiles, machinery, iron, steel, and salt to India and profits from them. They also imposed high tariffs on Indian goods and discouraged the development industries. This resulted in the exploitation of the Indian launched the swadeshi or self-reliance movement which involved boycotting foreign goods and goods. He encouraged people to burn or discard clothes and wear khadi or hand-spun cloth also supported the growth of cottage industries, such as spinning, weaving, pottery, and leatherwork. He this would not only weaken the economic and of the British over India, but also foster a sense pride and dignity among the Indians

4. #44State PCS 2013
   Whose has influenced the Gandhian concept?
   • ARuskin
   • BThoreau
   • CTolstoy
   • DAll the above
   Answer: (D) All the above
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Gandhi's concept was influenced by the works Thoreau, and Tolstoy, who were all secular thinkers. They shared some common themes and as simplicity, truth, non-violence, and social read their books and essays and applied their his own philosophy and practice. Important Tips Some of the works that influenced Gandhi's concept are: Unto This Last by John Ruskin: This was a book that Gandhi read in I 904, when he was in South Africa. It was a critique of the capitalist system and a plea for a moral economy based on the dignity oflabour and the well-being of all. Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau: This was an essay that Gandhi read in 1907, when he was facing a legal crisis in South Africa. It was a defense of the right and duty of the individual to resist unjust laws and authority. The Kingdom of God is Within You by Leo Tolstoy: This was a book that Gandhi rea

5. #45State PCS 2013
   Which of the following statements is/are Gandhi?
   • AFought hard to improve the status of casteless untouchables
   • BLaunched the Non-Cooperation Movement
   • CBegan the Civil Disobedience Movement
   • DAll the above
   Answer: (D) All the above
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct the statements are correct regarding Gandhi and life. He fought hard to improve the status untouchables, whom he called Harijans or of God. Ifr launched the in 1920, which involved boycotting institutions, titles, and honours, and education, and self-governance. He began Disobedience Movement in 1930 with the March or Salt Satyagraha, in which he defied salt monopoly by making salt from seawater. He other movements and campaigns based on the truth, non-violence, aud self-rule

6. #46State PCS 2013
   According to M.K. Gandhi socio-economic improvement of untouchables can be brought about
   • ABy their temple entry
   • BBy providing grant-in-aid
   • CBy earmarking funds for their socioeconomic development
   • DBy establishing cottage industry for them
   Answer: (D) By establishing cottage industry for them
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct to M.K. Gandhi, socio-economic untouchables can be brought about by industry for them. He believed that especially spinning and weaving, would income and dignity to the were often denied access to other occupations by system. He also thought that cottage industry self-reliance, simplicity and swadeshi among and the rest of the society. He as a sin and a blot on Hinduism, and it throughout his life

7. #47State PCS 2013
   Who wrote the book "Gokhale my political guru"?
   • AM.A. Jinnah
   • BM.K. Gandhi
   • CShaukat Ali
   • DC.R. Das
   Answer: (B) M.K. Gandhi
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct My Political Guru" is a book written Gandhi. In this book, Gandhi reflects on with Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a and political mentor. He discusses the deep had on him and his political philosophy. Gokhale's commitment to bringing a ethical dimension to politics, which greatly impacted approach to leadership and social change. Important Tips Popular books written by M.K.Gandhi: An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth: This autobiography is a detailed account of Gandhi's life, his experiments with truth, spirituality, and his journey towards becoming the Swaraj or Indian Home Rule: In this Gandhi presents his vision of self-rule for the importance of traditional Indian nonviolent resistance. Truth is God: This book delves into Gandhi's beliefs, focusing on truth and spirituality, rather than religious dogma. India of My Dreams: Gandhi's vision for an

8. #48State PCS 2009
   M.K. Gandhi was a supporter of
   • AMarxist socialism
   • BCategory socialism
   • CIdealism
   • DPhilosophical anarchism
   Answer: (D) Philosophical anarchism
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct Gandhi was a supporter of philosophical believed in the principle of swaraj or self-rule, not only political independence from but also individual and collective any form of centralized authority. He advocated decentralized and nonviolent society based on the truth, nonviolence, and compassion. He rejected the a state or a government as a necessary evil, and a network of self-reliant villages and would cooperate with each other without coercion Important Tips Philosophical anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates for a society without any form of state or government, and instead relies on the voluntary cooperation and mutual aid of individuals and communities. Some of the most influential philosophical anarchists in history are William Godwin, Henry David Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy, Emma Goldman, and Mahatma Gandhi

9. #49UKPSC 2012
   Which one of the following Ashrams related to Mahatma Gandhi, is the oldest?
   • ASabarmati
   • BPhoenix
   • CWardha
   • DSadaqat
   Answer: (B) Phoenix
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct oldest ashram related to Mahatm.a Gandhi is Ashram in South Africa. He established this 1904, after being inspired by the writings of Leo John Ruskin. He named the after a The Phoenix, which he published from there. was a place where Gandhi and his followers principles of truth, non-violence, and self-reliance. Important Tips Wardha Ashram: This ashram was established by Gandhi in 1936 in a village called Segaon near Wardha in Maharashtra. It was later renamed as Sevagram Ashram, which means the village of service. Sadaqat Ashram: This ashram was established by Gandhi in 1947 in Patna in Bihar. It was also known as the Bihar Vidyapeeth or the Bihar University. It was a center for education and research on Gandhian philosophy and rural development

10. #50UKPSC 2010
    Match the following:List-I List-U A. Mahatma Gandhi 1. Dandi March B. Jawaharlal Nehru 2. Red Shirt Movement Khan Abdul 3. Bardoli Gaffar Khan Satyagraha D. Vallabhbhai Patel 4. Demand for Complete Independence in Lahore Session Code
    • A4, 1 3 2
    • B4, 3 2 1
    • C2, 1 4 3
    • D1, 4 2 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 4 2 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct A in List-I matches Option 1 in List-II: The led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a 24-day nonviolent civil disobedience against the British and a symbol of resistance to colonial rule. 387 kilometers from Sabarmati Ashram to millions of Indians to Bin List-I matches Option 4 in List-II: In under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the formalised the demand of 'Puma Swaraj' or for C in List-I matches Option 2 in List-II: The movement, also known as Khudai Khidmatgar or was a Pashtun nonviolent resistance movement colonial rule in India's North-West Frontier by Abdul Ghaffar Khan, it originally focused on education, and ending blood Din List-I matches Option 3 in List-II: The 1928 was a movement in the led by Sardar Vallabhai Patel for the farmers against the unjust raising of taxes

11. #51UKPSC 2006
    Which of the following statements is not true for Jawaharlal Nehru
    • AHe was influenced by Socialism
    • BHe was influenced by British liberalism
    • CHe was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi
    • DHe was influenced by German Nationalism
    Answer: (D) He was influenced by German Nationalism
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct was not influenced by German nationalism was a political ideology that Germany in the 19th century. It was based on the the German people were a superior race and that a right to rule over other peoples. Nehru was a of all forms of racism and discrimination, outrightly rejected German nationalism. Nehru by socialism, British liberalism, and Socialism is an economic and political advocates for the common ownership of the means British liberalism is a political ideology individual liberty and limited philosophy advocated for non-violence and

12. #52Practice set
    The Maxwell-Broomfield Commission is related to which of the following movements in the history of the modern India?
    • ABardoli Satyagraha
    • BCivil Disobedience Movement
    • CQuit India Movement
    • DChamparan Satyagraha
    Answer: (A) Bardoli Satyagraha
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Commission was appointed as to the people's protest during Bardoli Satyagraha. Important Tips Bardoli Satyagraha: The no-tax movement was launched in Bardoli taluq of Surat district in Gujarat in 1928. Bardoli satyagraha lay the cold truth that the principal concern of the colonial government was not to improve socio-economic conditions of the people, but to find the means of increasing tax collection. The protests were sparked by a report prepared by an Indian officer of the Provincial Civil Service who was directed by the governor's office to examine the extent to which the tax settlement of 1896 could be revised upward

13. #53Practice set
    With reference to the Tana Bhagat movement, consider the following statements: 1. The movement started as a protest against the interference of outsiders. 2. The movement demanded Indian swaraj through massive demonstrations and violence.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct, In 1914, Jatra Oraon launched Bhagat Movement in Jharkhand. He ordered return to the original Oraon religion as in its of Kurukh Dharam. The movement which a movement against Dikus (outsiders), later, as the freedom 2 is incorrect. The movement played an in the freedom struggle and followed in the Mahatma Gandhi for the demand of Indian Swaraj. Bhagats followed the Gandhian ideology - the path without violence

14. #54Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: 1. Bombay B. P. Wadia Mill-Hands Association 2. Madras Labour N. M. Lokhande Union 3. Ahmedabad Anasuyaben Sarabhai Textile Labour Association PraetieebookHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Lokhande (and not B.P. Wadia) was the founder Mill-Hands Association. He emerged as the union leader of Madras Labour Union was formed in 1918 by B. (and not N.M. Lokhande) as its first Sarabhai founded Ahmedabad Textile (Majoor Mahajan Sangh), India's oldest textile workers, in 1920. She was supported in her work by Mahatma Gandhi and in 1918, Anasuya managed to accede to the demand of Ahmedabad weavers wage hike. Important Tips In the year 1890, Lokhande arranged a mass rally of 10,000 workers, where two women workers demanded Sunday as weekly off. Simultaneously, the first memorandum was submitted to Mill Owners' Association who accepted the demand. This event was recognized as the first trade union victory in country. This trade union rally led to the formation of the first trade union called 'Bombay Millhands Association'. However, the union had no funds, off

15. #55Practice set
    Which of the following options regarding the Akali Movement during India's freedom struggle is correct?
    • AIt was a reform movement to counter the proselytizing activities of Christian missionaries
    • BThis movement coincided with the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930
    • CThe famous Keys Affair was a part of this movement
    • DThe government dealt sternly with it and used severe repressive measures to control the movement
    Answer: (C) The famous Keys Affair was a part of this movement
    Explanation

    Option c is correct keys affair was a part of this movement. It issue of possession of the keys of the Toshakhana of Temple. The possession of the keys was with which they refused to hand over to the Akalis

16. #56Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Vaikom Satyagraha demanded the throwing open of Hindu temples to the untouchables. 2. Aravippuram movement aimed to increase the political representation of the depressed classes. 3. Justice movement was started by Sri Narayana Guru to secure jobs and representation for non-brahmins in Madras presidency.Which of the statements given above are incorrect?
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. In 1924, Vaikom Satyagraha in Kerala demanding the throwing open of and roads to the untouchables. It was led by Mahatama Gandhi undertook a tour in the the 2 is incorrect. The Aravippuram movement seek to increase the political representation of classes. In 1888, Sri Narayan Guru installed of Shiva at Aravippuram in Kerala. It was an effort that consecration of a god's image was not a the Brahmins. The Aravippuram movement socio-religious reform movements in the the temple entry 3 is incorrect. Justice movement was started Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P. Tyagaraja in the The aim was to secure jobs and the non-Brahmins in the legislature. Sri Narayan not associated with justice movement

17. #57Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Vaikom Satyagraha,1924 demanded temple entry for the 'untouchables. 2. Gandhi undertook a tour of Kerala in support of the temple entry movement 3. The Vaikom satyagraha led to the immediate opening of all the temples to untouchables.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: In 1924, the Vaikom by K.P. Kesava, was launched in Kerala throwing open of Hindu temples and roads to 2 is correct: In early March 1925, Gandhi tour of Kerala and met the Maharani and other his Kerala tour, Gandhi did not visit a single avarnas were kept out of 3 is incorrect: A compromise was arrived at. around the temple were opened to avarnas but the Sankethan of the temple remained closed to them. only on November 12, 1936, the Maharaja of a proclamation throwing open all government controlled temples to all Hindus

18. #58Practice set
    With respect to the role of Women in Indian National movement, Pritilata Waddedar and Kalpana Dutt were remembered as
    • Aleaders of the Quit India movement
    • Bmembers of the All-India Women's conference
    • Cmembers of the movement led by Surya Sen
    • Dmembers of the Ghadar party
    Answer: (B) members of the All-India Women's conference
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: During the Swadeshi strikes were organised on the issue of rising racial insult, primarily in the foreign owned July 1906, a strike of workers in the East Indian in the formation of a Railwaymen's 2 is correct: The heightened political the Non-Cooperation movement resulted in several unions in many centres most important being the AITUC. By 1920, according to an were 125 unions consisting of 250,000 3 is incorrect: In the period 1945 to participated actively. During 1946, the workers a strike in support of the Naval Ratings. During the of foreign rule, there were strikes by workers of and many other establishments. Important Tips The following reasons were responsible for the formation of the All-India Trade Union Congress: (a) The heightened political activities during the Non- Cooperation movement resulted in formation of several unions in many cen

19. #59Practice set
    With reference to Gandhi's early movements in India, consider the following pairs: 1. Champaran Against the Tinkathia satyagraha system 2. Ahmedabad Demand for remission mill strike of taxes 3. Kheda Discontinuation of satyagraha Plague bonusHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the answer. r Pair 1 is correctly matched: Champaran Satyagraha of 1917, was the first civil disobedience movement of India. Gandhi was requested by Rajkumar Shukla, a local to look into the problems of the farmers in context of inqigo planters of Champaran in Bihar. The European planters had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 part of the total land (called tinkathia system). German synthetic dyes replaced indigo at the end of the nineteenth century, European planters still demanded high and illegal dues from the peasants in order to profits peasants could switch to other crops. Furthermore, the peasants were forced to sell their produce' at European determined prices. One of the major objectives of the Champaran Satyagraha was to challenge this tinkatia 2 is incorrectly March 1918, in, a dispute. between cotton mill owners and the workers over the issue of the

20. #60Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the events in the aftermath of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: 1. As a symbol of protest, Gandhi gave up his title of Kaiser-e-Hind. 2. An All-White Hunter Committee with no Indian representation, was constituted to inquire into the massacre. 3. Bhagat Singh immediately established a Bharat Naujawan Sabha to protest against the massacre.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 13 April 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (aka was an infamous episode of brutality which Dyer order his troops to open fire on an of men, women, and children trapped in an 1 is correct: To protest against this brutal the British troops, Rabindranath Tagore jn protest and Gandhi gave up the, title bestowed by the British for his work Boer War. Statement 2 is incorrect: on October 14, 1919, the Government of India announced the formation of Inquiry Committee, which came to be more widely and variously known as the Hunter Committee/Commission., It was not an all-white committee since there were three Indians among the members, namely, Sir Chimanlal Setalvad- Vice Chancellor of Bombay Universit nd advocate of the Bombay High Court; Pandit Jagat Nataykh lawyer and Member of the Legislative Council of the United Provinces; and Sardar Sahibzada Sultan lawyer from Gwalior

21. #61Practice set
    With reference to the achievement of the Swarajists, consider the following statements: 1. Their efforts forced the government to appoint a committee to look into the defects of the Government of India Act 1919. 2. Their efforts led to the election of Vithalbhai Patel as the first Indian President of Central Legislative Assembly. 75. 3. They set up national schools an cl colleges throughout India. 4. They helped in the defeat of Public Safety Bill in the Council.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. After Non-cooperation Movement, one section led. by C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru, and Ajmal Khan wanted to expose the basic weaknesses of legislative councils and use these councils as an arena of political struggle to arouse popular enthusiasm. So those advocating entry into legislative councils came to be known as the 'Swarajists'. Statement 1 is correct: The Government of India was forced to appoint a committee under Sir Alexander Muddiman, the Home Member, to enquire into the defects in the working of the Act of 1919 and to remedies. The committee including eminent Indi llke T.B. Sapru, M.A. Jinnah, K.P. Paranjpaya, Sir Sivaswamy Iyer, Motilal Nehrµ. Statement 2 is correct: One of the achievements was the election of Vithalbhai Patel as the first Indian President of Central Legislative Assembly in 1925. Statement 3 is incorrect: Nation.al schools and colleg

22. #62Practice set
    After the withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement, which among the following leaders supported an end to the boycott of legislative councils? 1. MA Ansari 2. C Rajagopalachari 3. Motilal Nehru 4. CR Das 5. Ajmal KhanSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A2, 3 and 4 only
    • B1, 4 and 5 only
    • C1, 3 and 5 only
    • D3, 4 and 5 only
    Answer: (D) 3, 4 and 5 only
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Gandhi's arrest (March 1922), there was and demoralisation among A debate started among Congressmen on what to the transition period, i.e., the passive phase of section led by C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru, and wanted an end to the boycott of legislative that the nationalists could enter them to expose the of these assemblies and use these councils as of political struggle to arouse popular wanted, in other words, to 'end or mend' these if the government did not respond to the then they would obstruct the working of Those advocating entry into legislative to be known as the 'Swarajists'. The other group Rajagopalachari, Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra M.A. Ansari came to be known as the 'No- 'No-Changers' opposed council entry, on constructive work and continuation and non-cooperation, and quiet preparation of the suspended civil disobedience programme

23. #63Practice set
    With reference to the spread of Civil Disobedience. Movement in different parts of India, consider the following statements: 1. In Bengal, student organized a strike against the Cunningham Circular.. 2. In Bihar, No-chaukidari tax agitation replaced the salt satyagraha., j 3. In Orissa, salt satyagraha was under the leadership of Gopalbandhu Chaudhuri.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. In Assam, a successful against the Cunningham Circular, which participation in politics, was organized in 2 is correct. In landlocked Bihar, salt on a large scale was not practicable and at it was a mere gesture. Therefore, a very powerful tax agitation replaced the salt satyagraha physical constraints in making 3 is correct. In coastal regions of and Puri districts of Orissa, the salt satyagraha organised under the leadership of

24. #64Practice set
    Which of the following statements regarding the extent of mass participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement is correct?
    • AAlthough participated but they did not leatl any protest at any point
    • BThere was no participation by Muslims in any part of India
    • CThe workers led by leftists did. not support the movement. '
    • DThe business class induding the petty traders and merchants participated
    Answer: (D) The business class induding the petty traders and merchants participated
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct merchants and petty traders were very associations and commercial bodies were the boycott, especially in Tamil Capitalist class did support the mass movements Disobedience movement, as it helped them to important for their business and profits, like them to be extended too long as that business. So, they would initially provide to the movem_ent and later mediate between and nationalists to secure concessions and movements to an end

25. #65Practice set
    With reference to Jallianwala Bagh massacre, consider the following statements: 1. The crowd was gathered to participate in a Satyagraha organized by Gandhiji. Tagore gave up the title of Kaiser-e-Hind against this violence. 3. Sir Michael O'Dwyer was the head of troops who fired upon the protesters.How many of the abov.e given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct 1 is incorrect. A large unarmed crowd Jallianwala Bagh on April 13, 1919 against the arrest Kitchlew a_nd Dr Satyapal by the British 2 is incorrect. Rabindranath Tagore knighthood in protest for Jallianwalla Bagh mass Gandhi ji gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind. 3 is incorrect. Brigadier-General ordered his troops to open fire on peaceful Jallianwalla Bagh. Whereas Sir Michael O'Dwyer Governor of Punjab

26. #66Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: 1. K. Kelappan Malabar Region 2. Gopalbandhu Gujarat Chaudhuri 3. C. Tamil Nadu Raj agopalchari umltllHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correctly matched. During Civil K. Kelappan, a Nair Congress leader the Vaikom Satyagraha, organized salt marches 2 is incorrectly matched. Under a Gandhian leader, salt satyagraha in the coastal regions of Orissa - Balasore, Puri 3 is correctly matched. In Tamil Nadu, organized a march in April 1930 to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast the salt law

27. #67Practice set
    Consider the following events: 1. Kheda Satyagraha 2. All India Kisan Sabha 3. Bardoli Satyagraha 4. Champaran SatyagrahaWhich one of the following indicates the correct chronological order of the events in modern Indian history?
    • A1-4-2-3
    • B1-4-3-2
    • C4-1-3-2
    • D4-3-1-2
    Answer: (C) 4-1-3-2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 4: Champaran Satyagraha was organised in 1917 against the tinkathia system imposed by the European indigo 1: Kheda Satyagraha was organised by peasants of Kheda, Gujarat in 3: The Bardoli satyagraha was started in 1926 in Surat (Gujarat) when the authorities decided to increase the land revenue by 2: All India Kisan Sabha was founded in Lucknow in 1936 with Swami Sahjanand Saraswati as the president

28. #68Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Rowlatt Act: 1. All the elected Indian members of the Imperial Legislative Council voted against the bill. 2. The Act allowed the arrest of Indians without warrant. 3. Gandhi organized a Satyagraha against the Act by roping in members of the Home Rule Leagues.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: All the elected Indian members Imperial Legislative Council voted against the bill were in a minority and easily overruled by the All the elected Indian members resigned 2 is correct: The act allowed political be tried without juries or even imprisoned It allowed arrest of Indians without warrant on suspicion of 3 is correct: Gandhi called the Rowlatt Act "Black Act". organised a Satyagraha Sabha in younger members of Home Rule Leagues and Islamists

29. #69Practice set
    Consider the following statements with respect to Lala Lajpat Rai: 1. He founded the Hindu Relief movement in 1897. 2. He protested against the withdrawal of non-cooperation movement. k rumllllWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2 142
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Lala Lajpat Rai founded movement in 1897 to provide help to the famine stricken people and thus preventing them falling into of the missionaries. He later founded the People Society in 1921. 2 is correct. Lala Lajpat Rai was initially not of the policy of non-cooperation and was also boycott of schools. However, he later supported and protested against its withdrawal in 1922

30. #70Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the parallel governments established during the Quit India movement: 1. Chittu Pande formed a parallel government in Ballia. 2. Nyayadan Mandals and Gandhi marriages were organised in Satara. 3. Businessmen and government officials did not support the establishment of parallel governments.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 1 is correct. Parallel governments at many places during the Quit India Pande, who called himself a Gandhian, formed government and captured all the ten police Ballia, in east UP (in August 1942 for a week). He Congress leaders 2 is correct. Satara (mid-1943 to Sarkar", was organised under leaders like Y.B. Patil, etc. Village libraries and Nyayadan organised, prohibition campaigns were carried on marriages' were 3 is incorrect. Active help was provided (through donations, shelter and students (acting as couriers), simple villagers information to authority), pilots and train delivering bombs and other material) and including police (who passed on to the activists)

31. #71Practice set
    Consider the following events during the Indian National movement: 1. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 2. Second Round Table Conference 3. Simon Commission 4. Poona PactWhich of the following is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?
    • A4-3-2-1
    • B3-1-2-4
    • C1-2-3-4
    • D3-4-2-1
    Answer: (B) 3-1-2-4
    Explanation

    Option bis the correct 3: The British government appointed the in 1927 to assess the way the 1919 Reforms It also had to recommend to the British India was ready for further constitutional along what 1: Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed between the Irwin, representing the British Indian Gandhi, representing the people, in Delhi 14, 1931. Also known as the Delhi Pact, Civil Disobedience campaign and enabled Gandhi in Second Round Table Conference as 2: The Second Round Table Conference was London from September 7, 1931 to December 1, Indian National Congress nominated Gandhi as its 4: The Communal Award was announced by Prime Minister, Ramsay on August It established separate electorates and reserved minorities, including the depressed classes. As a this, Gandhi began a fast unto death in demanding the substitution of separate electorate by joint electorate with reserved seats. was the Poona P

32. #72Practice set
    With reference to the emergence of socialist and Marxist Ideology within the young congress leaders, consider the following statements: 1. They were critical of both Swarajists and No-Changers. 2. They advocated for the Gandhian political ideas and programs. 3. They stressed the need to combine nationalism and anti-imperialism with social justice.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct f and 3 are correct. These young by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash began advocating radical solutions for economic and social ills of the country. They were critical Swarajists and No-Changers. They advocated a anti-imperialist line in the form of slogan for They stressed the need to combine nationalism with social justice and the question of internal class operation by 2 is incorrect. Many of the young just dissatisfied with the Gandhian political ideas and turned to socialist ideology for guidance

33. #73Practice set
    Why salt was chosen by Mahatma Gandhi as an aspect during the Civil Disobedience movement? 1. The taxes imposed by British government on salt were enormously high. 2. Salt linked the ideal of swaraj with grievances of the rural poor from all classes. 3. Salt Act, 1882 permitted Indian populace to produce salt but prohibited them from selling it.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct April 6, 1930, Gandhi broke the salt law by picking lump of salt at Dandi. The violation of the law was a symbol of the Indian people's resolve not to live laws and therefore under British rule. Salt by Gandhi for following reasons 1 is correct. The British used to take the back to Britain and refine it and repackage it and sell to the Indian people at about 20 times the price. taxes imposed on salt, an essential everybody needs every day, was very high and this to decide to defy the salt 2 is correct. Salt was an item of basic it affected everybody, Hindus and Muslims, rich The enormous taxes imposed on salt was one and all as totally unjust and made salt the symbol deprivation and oppression of the Indian people classes. Salt also linked the ideal of swaraj with a and universal grievance of the rural 3 is incorrect. The 1882 Salt Act gave a monopoly in the manuf

34. #74Practice set
    Which of the following statements is incorrect with reference to Dandi March led by Mahatma Gandhi?
    • AThe march was led from Ahmedabad to Dandi in Gujarat for about 240 miles
    • BThe march was widely covered by the European and American press
    • CAfter reaching Dandi, Gandhi nominated Abbas Tyabji to lead the satyagraha if he was arrested
    • DMahatma Gandhi was arrested immediately after he broke the salt law at Dandi
    Answer: (D) Mahatma Gandhi was arrested immediately after he broke the salt law at Dandi
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Salt March, also known as the Dandi Satyagraha, was of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led a is correct. The Dandi march began with seventy eight members, among whom were men belonging to region and religion of India. Mahatma Gandhi march from Ahmedabad to Dandi through the villages for about 240 miles. He declared that upon Dandi coast, he would break the salt b is correct. It was Dandi march that Mahatma Gandhi to world attention. The widely covered by the European and American example, the Time magazine saluted Gandhi as a "Statesman", who was using "Christian acts as a men with Christian c is correct. Mahatma Gandhi reached Dandi 6, 1930. Gandhiji then nominated Shri Abbas after him, Smt. Sarojni Naidu, to lead the satyagraha was d is incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi was not but his arrest came on May 4, 1930 when announced that he would lead a raid o

35. #75Practice set
    Which of the following was not one of the demands made by Mahatma Gandhi's to British government before launching the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM}
    • AReduce expenditure on Army and civil services by 50 percent
    • BChange Arms Act to ban issuance of new firearms licenses
    • CAbolish the salt tax and government's salt monopoly
    • DCarry out reforms in Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
    Answer: (B) Change Arms Act to ban issuance of new firearms licenses
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in was one of the most significant movements which by Mahatma Gandhi. Just before that as a result mandate given by the Congress in Lahore session presented eleven demands to the government an ultimatum of January 31, 1930 to accept or demands. The demands were as follows a is correct. To Reduce expenditure on Army services by 50 per bis incorrect. Change Arms Act allowing of issue of firearms c is correct. To Abolish salt tax and d is correct. To Carry out reforms in Department no positive response forthcoming from the these demands, the Congress Working Committee with full powers to launch the Civil at a time and place of his choice. By February end, Gandhi had decided to make salt the central the movement Impotant Tips Other demands of Gandhi to British Government before launching the Civil Disobedience movement were: To

36. #76Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Civil disobedience movement: 1. People.were asked to refuse to pay taxes if they have the requisite strength. 2. Government servants were asked to resign from their posts during the movement. 3. Public were asked to boycott law courts by refraining from litigation. ook nunlllWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct the Lahore session (1929) of congress, Congress was authorized to launch a programme of Congress Working Committee with full powers to launch the Civil at a time and place of his choice. Gandhi to make salt the central formula for the gave following directions to people - Wherever possible civil disobedience of the salt law should be started. Foreign liquor and cloth shops can be People can refuse to pay taxes if they have the requisite Lawyers can give up practice. Public can boycott law courts by refraining from litigation. Government servants can resign from their posts. All these should be subject to one condition-truth and non-violence as means to attain swaraj should be faithfully adhered to. Local leaders should be obeyed after Gandhi's the movement, the Congress Working non-payment of revenue in ryotwari no-chowkidara-tax campaign in zamindari areas; viola

37. #77Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to Indian freedom struggle: 1. Prati Sarkar was organized in Satara under the leadership of Nana Patil during the Quit India movement. 2. Parallel governments were organized during the Civil Disobedience movement in Sholapur in response to t.he Gandhi's arrest.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct was at the forefront during the freedom India. This can be seen in various protests organized state. I is correct. In Satara during the Quit (mid-1943 to 1945) "Prati Sarkar", was leaders like Y.B. Chavan, Nana Patil, etc. and Nyayadan Mandals were organized, were carried on and 'Gandhi marriages' help was provided to the movement by donations, shelter and material help), as Couriers), simple villagers (by refusing authority), pilots and train drivers (by delivering other material) and government officials (who passed on secret information to the 2 is correct. Sholapur district of saw the fiercest response to Gandhi's the civil disobedience movement (1930). went on a strike from May 7 and along with burnt liquor shops and other symbols of such as railway stations, police stations, law courts, etc. The activists established a government which could only be dislodge

38. #78Practice set
    Consider the following pairs with reference to protests in different regions of India during Civil Disobedience movement: A. Bihar 1. Refusal to pay Chaukidari tax B. Gujarat 2. Refusal to pay land revenue G,- Maharashtra 3. Defiance of forest lawsHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option. c is the correct form of protests took different shapes during the Movement. People used CDM as a means voices for their local grievances at national 1 is correct. Civil Disobedience in different in different provinces. Special stress was laid boycott of foreign goods. In eastern India, chowkidari tax was refused. This no-tax very popular in Bihar. Bengal provided the of arrests as well as the highest amount of Arambagh, and several rural pockets movements developed around salt satyagraha 2 is cqrrect. In Gujrat, the impacts was felt in and Nadiad areas in Kheda district, Bardoli in and Jahibusar in Bharuch district. A movement was organised here which to pay land revenue, crossed the neighbouring princely (such as Baroda) families and belongings and camped in the open to evade police repression. The police retaliated their property and confiscating their 3 is correct. Maharashtr

39. #79Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the impact of Civil Disobedience movement: 1. Elections to Legislative Assembly during the movement were largely boycotted. 2. Government suffered a loss of income from liquor, excise and land revenue. 3. Tribals actively participated during the civil disobedience movement.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Disobedience movement (CDM) was started in the beginning of Dandi March by Mahatma of masses was carried out through vanar senas, manjari senas, secret patrikas civil disobedience movement. Statement 1 is correct. One of the impacts the civil disobedience was the Elections to were largely 2 is correct. Imports of foreign cloth and fell. And the British Government suffered loss from liquor, excise and land 3 is correct. During CDM, tribal were in Central Provinces, Maharashtra Workers and peasants also participated in during the movement

40. #80Practice set
    Consider the following statementi: Assertion (A): In 1931, the Second-Round table conference ended in a deadlock. Reason Mahatma Gandhi put forward the demand for Complete sw.-araj. Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
    • ABoth A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
    • BBoth A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
    • CA is correct but R is incorrect
    • DA is incorrect but R is correct
    Answer: (C) A is correct but R is incorrect
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct second Round Table Conference was held in September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. The Congress nominated Mahatma Gandhi as its to Mahatma Gandhi, the untouchables and thus not to be treated as a minority. discarded the idea of a separate electorate for i- also said there was no need for separate electorates safeguards for Muslims or other minorities. Many other delegates disagreed with session soon got deadlocked on the question of Separate electorates were being demanded by depressed classes, Christians and these came together in a 'Minorities' Pact'. desperately against this concerted move to make progress conditional on the solving of Hence (A) is correct and (R) is incorrect

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