UPSC Prelims PYQ › Modern History › Socio-Religious Reform

Socio-Religious Reform — UPSC Prelims Modern History previous year questions

96 solved previous year questions on Socio-Religious Reform, papers from 1994 to 2023, drawn from State PCS, UPPCS, UPSC CSE Prelims. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPPCS 2021
   In India the First Municipal Corporation was set up in which one among the following places?
   • ACalcutta
   • BMadras
   • CBombay
   • DDelhi
   Answer: (B) Madras
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1687, the first municipal corporation in India up at Madras. The Chennai Municipal the Corporation of Chennai), formerly known Corporation of Madras, is the civic body that city of Chennai (formerly Madras), India. September 29, 1688, under a Royal Charter issued James on December 30, 1687, as the Corporation it is the oldest municipal body of the Nations outside Great Britain. It is headed by a presides over 200 councillors, each of whom of the 200 wards of the city. It is also the second in the world

2. #2UPSC CSE Prelims 2016
   Consider the following: 1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee 2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation 3. Indian Reform Association Keshav Chandra Sen is associated with the establishment ofwhich of the above?
   • A1 and 3 only
   • B2 and 3 only
   • C3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (B) 2 and 3 only
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Chandra Sen is associated with the Tabernacle of New Dispensation and Indian He was a social reformer and leader of Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious movement that monotheism and social reforms. He founded the Tabernacle of New Dispensation, also known as Naba Bidhan, in 1868 as a new religious institution that combined elements of Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. He also founded the Indian Reform Association in 1870 as a secular organization that aimed to promote education, women's rights, legal reforms, and social Chandra Sen was not associated with of the Calcutta Unitarian Committee, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dwarkanath William Adam in 1823 as a platform to and l. Solution Option a is the correct Tebhaga movement (I 946) was a major that took place in Bengal led by All India the peasants challenged the prevailing system of demanding two thirds of

3. #3UPSC CSE Prelims 2012
   Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Brahmo Samaj? 16. 1. It opposed idolatry. 2. It denied the need for a priestly class for interpreting the religious texts. 3. It popularized the doctrine that the Vedas are infallible.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
   • A1 only
   • B1 and 2 only
   • C3 only
   • D1, 2 and 3
   Answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct l is correct. Brahmo samaj was established Ram Mohan Roy in 1828. It supported Vedas and Unitarianism of Christianity. It opposed Prayers, meditation and readings of the to be the forms of worship and no graven image, sculpture, carving, painting, picture, portrait, etc., be allowed in the Samaj buildings, thus underlining opposition to idolatry and meaningless 2 is correct. It denied the need for priestly interpreting religious writings. It discarded the faith incarnation. It denounced polytheism and long-term agenda of the Brahmo Samaj was to and to preach took no definite stand on the doctrine of Karma of soul and left it to individual Brahmos either 3 is incorrect. The Brahmo Samaj contested that the Vedas are infallible. It believed that or man is infallible. The doctrine that the infallible was given by Dayanand Saraswati who Arya Samaj

4. #4UPSC CSE Prelims 2001
   Consider the following statements: 1. Arya Samaj was founded in 1835. 2. Lala Lajpat Rai opposed the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of its social reform programme. 3. Under Keshab Chandra Sen, the Brahma Samaj campaigned for women's education 4. Vinoba Bhave founded the Sarvodaya Samaj to work among refugees.Which of these statements are correct?
   • A1 and 2
   • B2 and 3
   • C2 and 4
   • D3 and 4
   Answer: (D) 3 and 4
   Explanation

   Option dis the correct l is incorrect: Arya Samaj was founded in Swami Dayananda Saraswati, not in 2 is incorrect: Lala Lajpat Rai was a Arya Samaj and its appeal to the authority of Vedas of its social reform programme. He was a member Samaj and also edited its journal, Arya 3 is correct: Under Keshab Chandra Sen, Samaj campaigned for women's education social reforms. He organised the Bamabodhini 1862 to facilitate women's education and also Barnabodhini Patrika, a journal that carried articles 4 is correct: Vinoba Bhave founded the (Society for the Welfare of AH) in 1952, which promote the principles of Sarvodaya through service, and community development activities. worked among refugees during the Partition of persuaded them to adopt non-violence and

5. #5UPPCS 2013
   Who among the following social reformers was known for proficiency in the Sanskrit language?
   • ADayanand Saraswati
   • BIswar Chandra Vidyasagar
   • CRaja Rammohan Roy
   • DAll of the above
   Answer: (D) All of the above
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct the three social reformers mentioned; Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar and Raja were known for their proficiency in the They used their linguistic skills to study and philosophical texts and to write their on social and educational reforms. Dayanand Saraswati was a great scholar of Sanskrit, Persian and English languages and also knew Arabic, Latin and Greek. He wrote his magnum opus Satyarth Prakash (1875) in Hindi, which was later translated into many languages I shwar Chandra Vidyasagar was the principal of Sanskrit College in Calcutta from 1851 to 1858. He was a brillian student at Sanskrit College, where he received the title Vidyasagar ("Ocean of Learnin and in 1850 he was appointed head pandit (scholar-teacher) of Fort William College, Calcutta. Raja Rammohan Roy was a great scholar of Sanskrit, Persian and English languages and also knew Arabic, Latin and Greek. H

6. #6UPPCS 2009
   The First Society founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy was
   • ABrahma Samaj
   • BAtmiya Sabha
   • CBrahma Sabha
   • DTatvabodhini Sabha
   Answer: (B) Atmiya Sabha
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta, as a religious and social reform Atmiya Sabha aimed to propagate his doctrines Hinduism and to oppose the and oppression that prevailed in Indian religion. The Atmiya Sabha later evolved into Sabha in 1828, which became the Brahmo more influential and organized socio-religious movement M Important Tips Brahma Samaj was the original name of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious movement founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828. The Brahma Samaj aimed to propagate the doctrine of monotheism and to reform the Hindu society and religion from superstitions, orthodoxy, and oppression. Tatvabodhini Sabha was a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj, founded by Debendranath Tagore in 1839. The Tatvabodhini Sabha aimed to encourage religious inquiries and disseminate the essence of the Upanishads. The Tatvabodhini Sabha also publis

7. #7UPPCS 2008
   The founder of 'Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj' was
   • ADevendranath Tagore
   • BIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar
   • CKeshav Chandra Sen
   • DRaja Ram Mohan Roy
   Answer: (C) Keshav Chandra Sen
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct founder of 'Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj' was Sen. He was a social reformer and leader of Samaj, a socio-religious movement that monotheism and social reforms. He founded Brahmo Samaj, also known as the of India, in 1866 as a separate organization original Brahma Samaj, which was led by He introduced some radical changes in the practice of Brahmoism, such as accepting Christ incarnation of God, performing inter-caste and inter religious marriages, and allowing women to participate ceremonies. He also founded the Indian in 1870 as a secular organization that aimed education, women's rights, legal reforms, and

8. #8UPPCS 2005
   Who among the following is known as 'Martin Luther of India'?
   • ASwami Dayanand Saraswati
   • BRaja Ram Mohan Roy
   • CSwami Vivekanand
   • DSwami Shraddhanand
   Answer: (A) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct answer. Swami Dayanand Saraswati is often referred to as the "Martin Luther of India" for his efforts for religious reforms. He founded the Arya Samaj, a socio-religious organization that aimed to promote social equality, rationalism, and the revival of Vedic principles

9. #9UPPCS 2004
   Who among the following represented India at the World Parliament of Religions at Chicago in 1893?
   • ASwami Dayanand Saraswati
   • BRam Krishna Paramhans
   • CSwami Vivekanand
   • DRaja Ram Mohan Roy
   Answer: (C) Swami Vivekanand
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct answer. The person who represented India and Hinduism at the World Parliament of Religions at Chicago in 1893 was Swami Vivekananda. He was a Hindu monk and philosopher who propagated the teachings of Vedanta and Yoga. He also travelled extensively across India and abroad, spreading his message of universal brotherhood, spiritual awakening, and social service

10. #10UPPCS 2004
    Who was the founder of Ram Krishna Mission?
    • ARamkrishna Paramhansa
    • BM.N. Das Gupta
    • CSwami Vivekananda
    • DSwami Rangnath Nanda
    Answer: (C) Swami Vivekananda
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer. The founder of Ram Krishna Mission was Swami Vivekananda. He was a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramhansa, who was a mystic and saint. Important Tips Swami Vivekananda set up the Ramakrishna Math and its twin organisation, Ramakrishna Mission, in 1886 with the help of other sanyasin disciples of Ramakrishna Paramhansa. The headquarters of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission is at Belur Math in West Bengal, India The Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission have several centres and institutions all over the world, which are engaged in various spiritual, educational, and social service activities

11. #11Previous year
    Who of the following is responsible for the revival of Vedas: [. (Pre) 1995)
    • ARama Krishna Paramhans
    • BRamanuja
    • CSwami Dayanand Saraswati
    • DSwami Vivekanand
    Answer: (C) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Dayanand Saraswati was responsible for the Vedas. He was the founder of Arya Samaj, a of Hinduism that advocated the supremacy of and opposed idolatry, untouchability, child other social evils. He also gave the slogan of 'let's to Vedas' and attributed all the beliefs from the until today as a false religion

12. #12UPPCS 1994
    Who among the following great men is called the 'Father of Indian Renaissance'?
    • AVivekananda
    • BRaja Ram Mohan Roy
    • CRabindra Nath Tagore
    • DDayanand Saraswati
    Answer: (B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Ram Mohan Roy was a prominent Indian leader who brought about social, religious, reforms in India in the 19th century. He by the western ideas of rationalism, democracy and challenged the superstitions, oppression that prevailed in Indian society He founded the Brahmo Samaj, a that advocated for monotheism, abolition of women's rights, and modern education. campaigned against the practice of sati, child polygamy and supported widow remarriage. He regarded as the father of Indian renaissance for and progressive ideas that shaped modern India. Important Tips Rabindra Nath Tagore was a Bengali poet, writer, musician, painter, and Nobel laureate. He also founded the Visva-Bharati University at Santiniketan, where he experimented with new forms of education, art, and rural development. Dayanand Saraswati was an Indian reformer and founder of the Arya Samaj, a reform mo

13. #13Previous year
    Which of the following were not protested by Raja Ram Mohan Roy? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1992)
    • AChild marriage
    • BSati system
    • CWestern education
    • DIdolatry
    Answer: (C) Western education
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Ram Mohan Roy did not protest against but rather supported it and advocated introduction in India. He himself was several languages, including English, Persian, Bengali, and Hindi. He wrote several books in English and Bengali on various topics such philosophy, history, politics, and economics. established several schools and colleges in India western education along with Indian believed that western education would help Indians and modernize their society and was a prominent social reformer who protested such as child marriage, the Sati system, and advocated for social and religious reforms to uplift Indian society

14. #14Previous year
    The Rajamundri Social Reform Association to encourage widow re-marriage was founded in 1878 by- [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre.) 2021)
    • AVeeresalingam
    • BK. Ramakrishan Pillai
    • CK. T. Telang
    • DGopalachariar
    Answer: (A) Veeresalingam
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Rajamundri Social Reform Association to re-marriage was founded in 1878 by was a social reformer who fought against hiring and spearheaded a campaign for widow remarriage. constructed Brahmo Mandir, Widows' Home, Association in Madras, Hitakarini Samajam, He donated his property to these institutions an army of youth with his zeal. Important Tips K. Ramakrishan Pillai: He was an Indian nationalist writer, journalist, editor, and political activist. He edited Swadeshabhimani (The Patriot), the newspaper which became a potent weapon against the rule of the British and the erstwhile princely state of Travancore (Kerala, India) and a tool for social transformation. K.T. Telang: He was an Indian lawyer and judge at Bombay High Court. He was also an Indologist, a Sanskrit scholar, and a social reformer. He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress

15. #15State PCS 2012
    Who is considered as the first 'Modern Man' of India?
    • ANana Saheb
    • BA. 0. Hume
    • CRaja Ram Mohan Roy
    • DSwami Vivekanand
    Answer: (C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Ram Mohan Roy, often referred to as the Indian Renaissance;' played a signifies for social, educational, and the 19th century. He championed causes remarriage, abolition of the Sati practice, modern education. His efforts laid the and reform the title of the first 'Modern Man'

16. #16State PCS 2010
    The Greatest Parsi Social reformer of the 96. 19th century was
    • ASir Jamshedji
    • BSir Rustom Behramji
    • CNavalji Tata
    • DBehramji M. Mallabari
    Answer: (D) Behramji M. Mallabari
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct answer. Behramji M. Malabari was the greatest Parsi social reformer of the 19th century. He was born in 1853 in a Persian family in Baroda. He edited a circular against child marriage and in support of widow remarriage. He also wrote several books and articles on social issues, such as The Indian Eye on English Life, Gujarat and the Gujaratis, and Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood in India. He campaigned for the enactment of the Age of Consent Act, 1891, which raised the minimum age of marriage for girls from 10 to 12 years. He also founded the Indian Spectator, a weekly newspaper that advocated for social reforms. Important Tips Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy was a Parsi merchant, philanthropist, and knight. He was one of the first Indians to be knighted by Queen Victoria in 1842. Sir Rustom Behramji Karanjia was a Parsi journalist, editor, and publisher. He was th

17. #17Previous year
    Who among the following famous reformers wrote the books Jnyana Yoga, Karma Yoga, and Raja Yoga? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015)
    • ASwami Vivekananda
    • BRanade
    • CRaja Ram Mohan Roy
    • DRamakrishna Paramahansa
    Answer: (A) Swami Vivekananda
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Vivekananda was a famous reformer and wrote the books Jnyana Yoga, Karma Yoga, and based on his lectures and teachings on the to liberation in Hinduism. These books explain and practices of Jnana Yoga (the path of Yoga (the path of action), and Raja Yoga (the meditation), respectively. Swami Vivekananda the term Raja Yoga as a synonym for which is one of the six orthodox schools of He was a disciple of Ramakrishna was a mystic and saint

18. #18Previous year
    The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra was led by: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013)
    • AVishnu Parashuram Pandit
    • BB.M. Malabari
    • CGopal Hari Deshmukh
    • DDadabhai Naoroji
    Answer: (A) Vishnu Parashuram Pandit
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct campaign for widow remarriage in led by Vishnu Parashuram Pandit. He was a and a scholar who founded the Widow in 1850 and also launched the widow He was inspired by Jyotirao Phule, another who advocated for the rights of women and Dali also wrote several articles and books on the subject remarriage and social reform

19. #19State PCS 2003
    Who among the following was the founder of 'Dev Samaj'?
    • AVallabhbhai Patel
    • BDadabhai Naoroji
    • CShiv Narayan Agnihotri
    • DRamakrishna Paramhansa
    Answer: (C) Shiv Narayan Agnihotri
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct founder of Dev Samaj was Shiv Narayan was a Hindu social reformer who emerged as a of the Brahmo Samaj, a Hindu reform broke from Brahmoism in 1887 to form his own the Dev Samaj (Divine Society). He of the social system of the Hindus, such as of caste discrimination, the education of remarriage and the abolition of child marriage. claimed to have attained the highest possible plane and that eternal bliss could only be attained guidance

20. #20State PCS 2011
    Who was the founder of 'Prarthana Sam
    • AAtmararn Panduranga
    • B'Tilak
    • CAnnie Besant
    • DRasbihari Ghose
    Answer: (A) Atmararn Panduranga
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Panduranga was the founder of Prarthana movement for religious and social reform in Bombay, on earlier reform movements. Prarthana Samaj by Atmaram Pandurang in 31 March 1867 Chandra Sen visited Maharashtra, with an aim people believe in one God and worship only one became popular after Mahadev Govind Ranade main reformers were the intellectuals who of the social system of the Hindus

21. #21Previous year
    Who founded the 'Theosophical Sr to 55th _i u
    • AMadame H.P. Blavatsky
    • BRaja Ram Mohan Roy
    • CMahatma Gandhi
    • DSwami Vivekananda
    Answer: (A) Madame H.P. Blavatsky
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, along with Olcott and William Quan Judge, founded Society in 1875. The society aimed to and philosophical exploration, study of traditions, and the search for deeper truths in of religion, science, and philosophy

22. #22UPSC CAPF 2020
    Which of the following is/are correct? l. Parmahansa Mandali was founded in Bengal by Swami Vivekananda. 2. Prarthana Samaj was started in Maharashtra with the aim of reforming Hindu religious thought and practice.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is Paramahansa Mandali in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1849 by and Dadoba Pandurang. It was a secret socio religious group that aimed to reform Hindu religious practice. The Mandali was disbanded in 1860 after was revealed to the 2 is correct- The Prarthana Sama; was Maharashtra by Atmaram Pandurang. The of the Prarthana Samaj was to bring about Hindu religious thought and practice. One of their key was the advocacy of monotheism while the practice of idol worship. Important Tips Paramhansa Mandali was based on seven principles of Dadoba: Worship of God alone Emphasis on love and moral conduct Unity of spiritual religions Promotion of individual freedom of thought Importance of proper actions and speech Belief in the unity of mankind Provision of the right knowledge to all

23. #23UPSC CAPF 2019
    Which of the following statements about the Arya Samaj, which emerged in the late 19th century are correct? 1. Had a very strong support base amongst the trading castes. 2. Introduced 'Shuddhi' or mass purification. 3. The moderates in the Arya Samaj were headed by Hans Raj and Lajpat Rai and set up a chain of Dayanand Anglo- Vedic colleges. 4. The Arya Samaj had fewer members than the Brahmo Samaj.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2
    • B1, 2 and 3
    • C3 and 4
    • D1, 3 and 4
    Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct l is correct: The Arya Samaj did have a base among the trading castes. The popularity among the mercantile communities castes, particularly in northern 2 is correct: The Arya Samaj introduced of 'Shuddhi; which means mass aimed at reconverting individuals who converted to other religions back to 3 is correct: The moderates in the Arya headed by Hans Raj and Lajpat Rai. They roles in the Arya Samaj movement. Arya Samaj did establish a chain of called Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) 4 is incorrect: The Arya Samaj had than the Brahmo Samaj, which was reform movement that emerged in the 19th Arya Samaj was more popular and influential than Samaj, especially in northern and western Arya Samaj had about 4 million members by 1947, Brahmo Samaj had less than 100,000 members by then

24. #24Previous year
    Which of the following statements about Prarthana Samaj are correct? [CAPF 2019) 1. Its aim was to reform the Hindu society. 2. It was based in Maharashtra. 3. It believed in Monotheism. 4. It had greatly influenced the Brahmo Samaj.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2
    • B2 and 3
    • C1, 2 and 3
    • D1 and 4
    Answer: (C) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct I is correct: Prarthana Samaj aim was to Hindu society. It advocated for social reforms abolition of caste system, child marriage, and and promotion of female education 2 is correct: It was based in Maharashtra. It in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1867 by and others. It had its greatest influence in Maharashtra 3 i.s correct: It believed in Monotheism. the teachings of the Marathi saint-poets one God and rejected idolatry and ritualism. emphasized the unity of all religions and paths to 4 is incorrect: Prarthana Samaj was the Brahmo Samaj, not vice versa. The Prarthana Samaj was founded after Keshab Chunder Sen, a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, visited Bombay in 1864

25. #25Previous year
    Consider the following events:[CAPF 2019} 1. Foundation of the Ramakrishna Mission 2. Foundation of the Arya Samaj 3. Foundation of the Brahmo Samaj 4. Foundation of the Paramhans MandaliWhich one of the following is the correct chronological order of the above?
    • A1, 2, 3, 4
    • B2, 3, 4, 1
    • C3, 4, 1, 2
    • D3, 4, 2, 1
    Answer: (D) 3, 4, 2, 1
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct answer. Foundation of the Brahmo Samaj: This was a socio religious reform movement founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dwarkanath Tagore in 1828 in Calcutta. Foundation of the Paramhans Mandali: This was a socio-religious group founded by Atmaram Pandurang in 1848 in Bombay. He was helped by Dadoba Pandurang and Bal Krishna Jaykar. Foundation of the Arya Samaj: This was. a Hindu reformist movement founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. Foundation of the Ramakrishna Mission: This was a Hindu religious organization founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897. It was inspired by the teachings of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa, a mystic saint who preached the harmony of all religions and paths to God

26. #26UPSC CAPF 2016
    Who among the following founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815?
    • AKeshab Chandra Sen
    • BDebendranath Tagore
    • CRam Mohan Roy
    • DBijoy Krishna Goswami
    Answer: (C) Ram Mohan Roy
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1815, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya philosophical discussion circle in Kolkata. The was a precursor to the Brahma Samaj, which by Roy in 1828. Important Tips Ram Mohan Roy established the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, which evolved into the Brahmo Samaj, promoting monotheism, rationalism, and social reforms to challenge orthodox Hindu practices. Debendranath Tagore founded the Adi Brahmo Samaj in 1848, advocating monotheism, social equality, and the abolition of caste practices. Keshab Chandra Sen formed the Brahmo Samaj of India in 1866, promoting monotheistic worship and universal brotherhood. He later split and formed the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in 1878, embracing a wider spectrum of people and advocating social reforms

27. #27Previous year
    In 1893, there occurred a split in the Arya Samaj on the of [CAPF 1. Meat-eating vs vegetarianism. 2. Caste system and widow remarriage. 3. Shuddhi of converts. 4. Anglicised vs Sanskrit-based education.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 3 and 4
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C1 and 4 only
    • D1 only
    Answer: (C) 1 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Arya Samaj split in 1893 over meat-eating and Anglicised vs Sanskrit-based Mahatma group, led by Mahatma Hansraj, was supported Sanskrit education, while the Cultured by Swami Shraddhanand, was meat--eating and education. Caste and widow remarriage major factors

28. #28UPSC CDS 2023
    Who among the following founded the Hindu Dharma Sabha in the 19th century?
    • ARadhakanta Deb
    • BRam Mohan Roy
    • CDwarkanath Tagore
    • DKeshab Chandra Sen
    Answer: (A) Radhakanta Deb
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Deb founded the Hindu Dharma Sabha in 1830. The main purpose of the to oppose the current social reform movements led figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Important Tips Ram Mohan Roy was a social reformer and the founder of Brahmo Samaj. He supported Western education and culture and advocated for the abolition of sati and other social evils OF MOD Dwarkanath Tagore was a businessman and a philanthropist. He was a close associate of Ram Mohan Roy and supported his reformist ideas. He also promoted Western education and trade in India Keshab Chandra Sen was a religious leader and a social reformer. He was a member of Brahmo Samaj and later founded his own sect called Naba Bidhan. _ He advocated for women's rights, education and social service

29. #29UPSC CDS 2017
    Which of the following about the social base of the Arya Samaj in British India is/are correct? 1. It was located mainly in Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh. 2. It mainly comprised the trading castes. 3. It was much more limited than that of the Brahmo Samaj.Select the correct answer using the codes given below
    • A1 and 2
    • B2 and 3
    • C1 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is correct- The Arya Samaj was initially in Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh. The was a Hindu reform movement that was 18'75 by Dayananda Saraswati. The Samaj was the principles of the Vedas, and it sought to by removing practices that were considered superstitious or 2 is correct- It was popular among the as the Samaj's emphasis on education and appealed to these 3 is incorrect- The Brahmo Samaj was a movement than the Arya Samaj, and it had a However, the Brahmo Samaj was more the intellectual circles of British India, and it played role in the development of modern Hinduism

30. #30Previous year
    Who founded the Adi Brahma Sama;? [. (Pre.) 2020)
    • ADevendranath Tagore
    • BKeshav Chandra Sen
    • CRaja Ram Mohan Roy
    • DRavindranath Tagore
    Answer: (A) Devendranath Tagore
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct founder of the Adi Brahma Samaj was He was a social reformer and leader of the a socio-religious movement that advocated and social reforms. He founded the Samaj in 1866 as a separate organization from Brahmo Samaj. He introduced some in the doctrine and practice of Brahmoism, such Christ as an incarnation of God, opposing inter caste and inter-religious marriages, and emphasizing of the Vedas

31. #31State PCS 2018
    "The British empire is rotten to the core, corrupt in every direction and tyrannical and mean." This statement was made by
    • ASister Nivedita
    • BSavitribai Phule
    • CAnnie Besant
    • DBal Gangadhar Tilak
    Answer: (A) Sister Nivedita
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Nivedita was a disciple of Swami Vivekananda and worker, author, and teacher. She wrote many her friend Miss expressing her hatred for One such letter says "The British empire is rotten to corrupt in every direction, and tyrannical and was also known as 'Lokmata' (Mother of People) Nath Tagore, 'Real Lioness' by Vivekananda, (the flame of fire) by Aurobindo Ghose

32. #32Previous year
    Who adorned Ram Mohan Roy with the title of 'Raja'? [. (Pre) 2017)
    • AAurangzeb
    • BRobert Clive
    • CMahatma Gandhi
    • DMughal Emperor Akbar-II
    Answer: (D) Mughal Emperor Akbar-II
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Mohan Roy was adorned with the title of 'Raja' Emperor Akbar-II. Akbar was the 19th who ruled from 1806 to 1837. He was the son Alam and the father of Bahadur Shah Zafar. He Mohan Roy as his ambassador to Britain in 1831 for his pension and restoration of his powers. He him with the title of 'Raja' in recognition of contribution and talent

33. #33State PCS 2019
    Who has advocated 'Practical Vedanta'?
    • ADayanad
    • BRaja Ram Mohan Roy
    • CGandhi
    • DVivekananda
    Answer: (D) Vivekananda
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Vedanta was advocated by Vivekananda, a and philosopher who propagated the teachings and Yoga. Practical Vedanta refers to a of Vedanta philosophy that emphasizes in daily life and social service. It is based idea that all beings are divine and that serving them highest form of worship

34. #34UPSC CSE Prelims 1996
    The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime Act (1919) was popularly known as the
    • ARowlatt Act
    • BPitt's India Act
    • CIndian Arms Act
    • DIlbert Bill
    Answer: (B) Pitt's India Act
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct publication that was started in opposition to and social ideas of Ram Mohan Roy was It was a Bengali newspaper that was 1822 by Gangakishore Bhattacharya, a follower of Hindu leader Radhakanta Deb. It was the to be printed in Bengali type and the Bengali newspaper after Samachar Darpan. It was and reactionary newspaper that reformist and progressive views of Ram Mohan his Brahmo Samaj. It defended the practices of system, polygamy, and sati, and attacked the and culture that Roy advocated. Important Tips Digdarshan was a Bengali monthly magazine that was founded in 1818 by William Carey, a Baptist missionary and linguist. It was the first Bengali periodical and the first Indian magazine to deal with science and general knowledge. It was edited by Ram Mohan Roy's brother Ramdulal Dey and had contributions from Roy himself. It propagated rationalism, monotheism, and

35. #35UPSC CAPF 2015
    Which one of the following statements concerning the Freedom and Partition of India is NOT correct?
    • AIn February 1947, British Prime Minister Attlee announced that the British were not going to transfer power to Indians, come what may
    • BLord Wavell advocated total withdrawal of the British from India by 31 March, 1948
    • CIt was Lord Mountbatten who speeded up the process of transfer of power
    • DThe Plan Balkan was abandoned on account of Nehru's opposition to it
    Answer: (D) The Plan Balkan was abandoned on account of Nehru's opposition to it
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Ram Mohan Roy was a social and religious opposed the practice of sati and worked abolish it. He witnessed the death of his sati when he was a child and was deeply it. He wrote several articles and petitions against challenged the orthodox Brahmins who justified it grounds. He also formed an association of like minded people who helped him in his crusade against sati. Important Tips Other important facts: William Bentinck was the Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. He passed the Bengal Sati Regulation in 1829, which declared the practice of sati or widow immolation as illegal and punishable by law. The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act was passed in 1856 by the British Parliament, which allowed Hindu widows to remarry legally and inherit their deceased husbands' property. Swami Dayanand Saraswati was a Hindu reformer and revivalist who founded the Arya Samaj in

36. #36State PCS 1995
    Who was the first Indian to be the member of Communist International?
    • AM.N. Roy
    • BMuzaffar Ahmad
    • CS.S. Dange
    • DNone of the above
    Answer: (A) M.N. Roy
    Explanation

    Option a is the con-ect Communist International was an organization that advocated world Nath Roy was a delegate to the congress Communist International. He was first Indian to be of Communist International. Important Tips M.N. Roy: Manabcndra Nath Roy was born on 21 March 1887 in West Bengal. He was founding member of the Communist Party of India. He established the Communist Party in 1917 in Mexico. At 14, Roy joined the underground revolutionary organisation Anushilan Samiti. After it was banned, he helped to organise the Jugantar Group under the leadership of Jatin Mukherjee. He was sentenced to six years imprisonment in 1931 for his involvement in 1924 Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy case

37. #37Previous year
    The 'Young India" was started as a weekly by: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003)
    • AThe Home Rule Party
    • BThe Extremist Party
    • CGadar Party
    • DSwaraj Party
    Answer: (D) Swaraj Party
    Explanation

    Option dis the correct answer. Behramji M. Malabari was the greatest Parsi social reformer of the 19th century. He was born in 1853 in a Persian family in Baroda. He edited a circular against child marriage and in support of widow remarriage. He also wrote several books and articles on social issues, such as The Indian Eye on English Life, Gujarat and the Gujaratis, and Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood in India. He campaigned for the enactment of the Age of Consent Act, 1891, which raised the minimum age of marriage for girls from 10 to 12 years. He also founded the Indian Spectator, a weekly newspaper that advocated for social reforms. Important Tips Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy was a Parsi merchant, philanthropist, and knight. He was one of the first Indians to be knighted by Queen Victoria in 1842. Sir Rustom Behramji Karanjia was a Parsi journalist, editor, and publisher. He was th

38. #38UKPSC 2006
    Who founded the First Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya at Varanasi?
    • AJonathan Duncan
    • BWarren Hastings
    • CLorel Macaulay
    • DBankim Chandra
    Answer: (A) Jonathan Duncan
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Deb was a scholar and a leader of the Hindu society, who opposed the socio religious reforms initiated by Raja Ram Mohan Roy He defended the practice of sati and formed Sabha, a society that protested against the sati by Lord William Bentinck in also efforts of Christian missionaries to convert Hindus for the preservation of orthodox Hinduism. Important Tips Nemisadhan Bose was an academic and a former vice chancellor of Visva-Bharati University. He was not a leader of the Bengali society and did not oppose socio religious reforms. Hemchandra Biswas was a freedom fighter and a bomb expert. He was associated with the revolutionary group led by Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Aurobindo Ghosh. He went to France to learn the science of bombs and designed the first Indian national flag in Paris. He was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Alipore Bomb Solution;

39. #39Previous year
    Which of the following sets of newspapers reflected the concerns of educated Indian Muslims during the Khilafat Movement? [CDS 2015
    • AComrade and Hamdard
    • BComrade and Hindustan Times
    • CZamindar and Muslim Voice
    • DComrade, Hamdard, Zamindar and Al Hilal
    Answer: (B) Comrade and Hindustan Times
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct best representative of Neo-Hinduism in the of the nineteenth century was Swami was a Hindu monk and philosopher who teachings of Vedanta and Yoga. He was a Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and the founder of Mission and Math. He is best known for at the Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893, where he introduced Hinduism to the He also travelled extensively across India and his message of universal brotherhood, and social service. Important Tips Ramkrishna Paramhans was a mystic and saint who practiced various forms of Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. He was the guru of Swami Vivekananda and inspired him to spread his teachings. He is regarded as an avatar of God by some of his followers. Bankim Chandra Chatterji was a Bengali novelist and journalist who wrote several influential works of fiction and non-fiction. He is considered as the father of modern Bengali lite

40. #40CGPSC 2015
    Who was the first President of the Muslim League
    • AAgha Khan
    • BHamid Khan
    • CHasan Khan
    • DM.A. Jinnah
    Answer: (A) Agha Khan
    Explanation

    Option a is the con-ect Communist International was an organization that advocated world Nath Roy was a delegate to the congress Communist International. He was first Indian to be of Communist International. Important Tips M.N. Roy: Manabcndra Nath Roy was born on 21 March 1887 in West Bengal. He was founding member of the Communist Party of India. He established the Communist Party in 1917 in Mexico. At 14, Roy joined the underground revolutionary organisation Anushilan Samiti. After it was banned, he helped to organise the Jugantar Group under the leadership of Jatin Mukherjee. He was sentenced to six years imprisonment in 1931 for his involvement in 1924 Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy case

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