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Press, Education & Culture — UPSC Prelims Modern History previous year questions

45 solved previous year questions on Press, Education & Culture, papers from 1996 to 2018, drawn from UPPCS, State PCS, UKPSC. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #1UPPCS 2017
   Who remarked about the East India Company that "The Company is an anomaly, but it is part of a system where everything is an anomaly"?
   • AWarren Hastings
   • BG.B. Macaulay
   • CLord Clive
   • DHenry Dundas
   Answer: (B) G.B. Macaulay
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Company is an anomaly but it is part of a system is an anomaly" remark was given by Important Tips Thomas Babington Macaulay. He became India's first Law Member of the Governor- General Council after the Charter Act of 1833 was passed. He ensured that English flourished in India. He brought education policy in 1835 and was published titled "Minute on Indian Education". He advocated imparting English to Indians and teaching them in English. English Education Act was passed in 1835 by Lord William Bentick

2. #2Previous year
   Who was the founder of Bahujan Samaj? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2010)
   • ASri Narayan Guru
   • BMukund Rao Patil
   • CDr. B.R. Ambedkar
   • DB.R. Shinde
   Answer: (B) Mukund Rao Patil
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct founder of Bahujan Samaj was Mukund Rao rich peasant and a patil (village headman) from He was the adopted son of Krishnarao close associate of Jyotirao Phule, the pioneer of (Truth-Seeking) movement. Mukund was influenced by Phule's teachings and continued of fighting for social justice and equality. Patil launched a village newspaper called Din of the Poor) in 1910, which became the Bahujan Samaj. Important Tips Bahujan Samaj was a social and political movement that emerged in Maharashtra in 1910 to oppose the exploitation of the lower castes by the upper castes, especially the Brahmins, landlords, and moneylenders. It also opposed the Indian National Congress, which it considered to be dominated by the upper castes and indifferent to the problems of the masses

3. #3Previous year
   Swami Sahajanand published a journal named: (63rd (Pre.) 2017
   • AJankranti
   • BHunkar
   • CKrishak Samachar
   • DVidrohi (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
   Answer: (B) Hunkar
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Sahajanand Saraswati published a journal He was a peasant leader, a nationalist, and who formed the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha in the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936

4. #4UPPCS 2016
   The first Hindi Newspaper 'Udant Martand' (30th May 1826) was published from
   • AKolkata
   • BPatna
   • CAllahabad
   • DLucknow
   Answer: (B) Patna
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct Sultan defeated the British Anny in 1780 at Battle of Pollilur was fought on 10 September 1780 the city of Kanchipuram in present-day state, India, as part of the Second Anglo-Mysore was fought between an army commanded by Tipu the Kingdom of Mysore, and a British East India led by Colonel William Baillie. The Mysore army decisive victory, capturing Baillie and his entire Solution: Option dis the correct explorer Vasco da Gama was the first reach India via the Atlantic Ocean at Calicut in were followed by the Dutch when they tried the Indian nrnrket in the middle of the 16th British and the French came much later

5. #5Previous year
   Which one of the following was the first to be declared as Central University? [. (Mains) 2011)
   • AAligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
   • BDr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow
   • CBanaras Hindu University of Varanasi
   • DUniversity of Allahabad
   Answer: (C) Banaras Hindu University of Varanasi
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct answer. Lahore was the capital of the Kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He captured Lahore in 1799 and made it the capital of his empire. Lahore was a strategically important city, located at the crossroads of trade routes between Central Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East. It was also a major cultural center, with a rich history and heritage. Important Tips Maharaja Ranjit Singh: In his youthful years, Maharaja Ranjit Singh engaged in multiple campaigns aimed at expelling the Afghans, and he ascended to the title of "Maharaj a of Punjab" when he reached the age of 21. He was the solitary offspring of Maha Singh. His birth transpired on the 13th of November 1780 in Gujranwala, which is presently situated in Pakistan. The establishment of Patiala as the capital of the princely state of Patiala occurred in 1763. Notably, Amritsar, founded by Sri Guru Ramdass Ji,

6. #6State PCS 1996
   Through which newspaper published from Kanpur, Vijay Singh Pathik made the Bijoliya movement the subject of discussion in India
   • AKesari
   • BPratap
   • CMaratha
   • DMajusha
   Answer: (D) Majusha
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct movement in Rajasthan began for the first Bijoliya in 1897. It continued in 3 phases Bijolia was a Jagir of the Udaipur State. The first phase- Between 1897-1915. It was marked by a spontaneous movement that was advanced by local leadership. Important Persons: Initially, Nanji Patel of Berisal and Thakari Patel of Gopal Niwas and later Sadhu Sitaram Das. The second phase- Between 1915-1923. Marked a new state of consciousness among the peasants and it was led by trained and mature leaders of national status. Not only this but this movement also linked up with the mainstream of the nation. Important Persons: Vijay Singh Pathik, Manik Lal Verma. The third phase continued up to 1941 Important Tips Champaran: This was a peasant movement in Bihar in 1917, led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British indigo planters who exploited the farmers and forced them to grow indigo

7. #7UKPSC 2016
   Who is regarded as tht Pioneer of irrigation works in South India
   • ASir Arthur Cotton
   • BCol. Baird Smith
   • CLt. Blaine
   • DCol. Robert Smith
   Answer: (B) Col. Baird Smith
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct founder of Bahujan Samaj was Mukund Rao rich peasant and a patil (village headman) from He was the adopted son of Krishnarao close associate of Jyotirao Phule, the pioneer of (Truth-Seeking) movement. Mukund was influenced by Phule's teachings and continued of fighting for social justice and equality. Patil launched a village newspaper called Din of the Poor) in 1910, which became the Bahujan Samaj. Important Tips Bahujan Samaj was a social and political movement that emerged in Maharashtra in 1910 to oppose the exploitation of the lower castes by the upper castes, especially the Brahmins, landlords, and moneylenders. It also opposed the Indian National Congress, which it considered to be dominated by the upper castes and indifferent to the problems of the masses

8. #8CGPSC 2018
   What was the name of the newspaper published by Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa?
   • AThe Indian Opinion
   • BNational Herald
   • CLeader
   • DThe Pioneer
   Answer: (D) The Pioneer
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a social and religious reformer who founded the Brahma Samaj, a movement that advocated for monotheism, rationalism, and human rights. He was also a pioneer of modern Indian education and journalism. He opposed the idolatry and ritualistic worship, and worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies. He believed that the purest form of Hinduism is contained in the Upanishads, which are the philosophical texts that expound the essence of the Vedas. Keshav Chandra Sen was a Hindu philosopher and social reformer who attempted to incorporate Christian theology within the framework of Hindu thought. He was a follower of Raja Ram Mohan Roy and later became the leader of the Brahma Samaj of India, a splinter group of the original Brahma Samaj. He also tried to introduce Christian doctrines such as Trinity, Incarnation, and Atonement in his teachings. He s

9. #9UPPCS 2012
   Who among the following was the first Law Minister of India?
   • AM. C. Sitalwad
   • BDr. B.R. Ambedkar
   • CKailash Nath Katju
   • DRafi Ahmad Kidwai
   Answer: (D) Rafi Ahmad Kidwai
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct answer. The Hindu: It was founded in the year 1878 by G. Subramania Iyer in Madas. The Hindu started as a weekly in 1878 and became a daily in 1889 and from then on has been steadily growing. Sudharak: It was a weekly newspaper started by Ganesh Agarkar in 1888. It was edited by Gopal Krishna Gokhle. It was published both in English as well as Marathi languages. It was published in the city of Pune. The Voice of India: In the year 1883, Dadabhai Naoroji started publishing the newspaper "The Voice of India" from Bombay. It aims at providing an ideological defense of Hindu society and culture through a series of publications. Dadabhai Naoroji also started Rast Goftar ("The Truth Teller") in 1854, which was an Anglo- Gujarati paper operating in Bombay. Bengalee: It was an English-language newspaper. It was published in Kolkata from 1862 to 1931. It started as a daily

10. #10UPPCS 2004
    Who said, "Political Freedom. is the life breath of a nation"?
    • ABal Gangadhar Tilak
    • BAurobindo Ghosh
    • CBipin Chandra Pal
    • DMahatma Gandhi
    Answer: (B) Aurobindo Ghosh
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect- The Indian press did the Vernacular Press Act of 1878. The Act was a law enacted in British India in 1878 the freedom of the Indian-language (i.e., press. The act was proposed by Lord Lytton, of India at the time, and was unanimously protests were led by the Indian National Congress. were successful in forcing the government to Act in 1882 by the Lord 2 is correct- The Vernacular Press Act of introduced by Viceroy Lytton against the counsel own Law Member, Sir Henry Maine. The Act gave the power to censor vernacular (i.e., newspapers and periodicals. The Act was met protests from the Indian press and public

11. #11State PCS 2008
    Which one of the following statements is not correct about Dadabhai Naoroji?
    • AHe wrote a book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'
    • BHe worked as a Professor of Gujarati in the University College, London
    • CHe laid the foundation of woman's education in Bombay
    • DHe was elected as a member of British Parliament on the ticket of the Conservative Party
    Answer: (D) He was elected as a member of British Parliament on the ticket of the Conservative Party
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Naoroji wrote the book called "Poverty and Rule in India" where he criticised the of the British rule. Hence, statement l is March 1856 Dadabhai Naoroji was appointed as Gujarati at University College in London. 2 is October 1849, Dadabhai Naoroji and twelve and Parsi Elphinstonians opened under the auspices of the Students' Literary Society, three for Parsi girls and three for girls. Hence Statement 3 is Indian elected to the British House of Naoroji contested on the ticket of Liberal statement d is Solution dis the correct Ghosh authored "The Life Divine;' work that blends Western thought spirituality, offering original insights. It such as human aspiration, the emergence of a Divine Source, evolution from matter to consciousness, and the spiritual destiny of 8 1 INDIA on Earth. It was first published serially in the Arya to 1919 and later in book form in 1939 a

12. #12Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the contributions of Dhondo Keshav Karve? 1. He setup the 'Sfree Shikshan Samstha' Society for the education of women. 2. He founded the Nishkam Karma Math in Pune. 3. He founded the first women's university in India in 1916. nmlll Select the answer using ihe given below
    • A1 only
    • B1, 2 and 3
    • C1 and 2 only
    • D2 and 3 only
    Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Keshav Karve (DK Karve), popularly Maharshi Karve, was a social reformer in India in of women's welfare. Karve was a pioneer in 1 is correct: The Stree Shikshan Samstha set up by D K Karve for women's education. Efforts by Professor D.K. Karve in western India to remarriage. Karve himself married a widow in 2 is correct: In 1910, D K Karve founded Karma Math (Monastery of Disinterested Pune with the aim of creating activists who would body, mind and money for public service. He revive Hinduism based on ancient India's and concepts of Vedanta against caste superstition in Hinduism and aimed to education 3 is correct: D K Karve was a pioneer widows' education. The Indian set up by Professor D.K. Karve in 1916 of the outstanding institutions imparting education Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey University is the first Women's university as well as in South-East A

13. #13Practice set
    With respect to the Socio-Religious Reform Movement during British rule, consider the following statements: 1. The reform movements proved a hindrance to the growth of nationalism due to their focus on vernacular languages. 2. The reform movements were popular among the rural masses in the 19th All reformers advocated spreading of modern Western education.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone Practiceb o o k l'IF
    Answer: (D) None Practiceb o o k l'IF
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct I is incorrect. The reformers helped to unify of India into one nation by attacking the caste untouchability. The cultural and ideological up by the socio-religious movements helped to national consciousness. The reform movements of self-respect, self-reliance and patriotism Indians. They, thus, paved the way for the growth 2 is incorrect. One of the major limitations religious reform movements was that they had a base, namely the educated and urban middle the needs of the vast masses of peasantry and poor were 3 is incorrect. Many reformers advocated education but some turned towards system. The Arya Samaj established propagate traditional ideals of education. A schools and colleges both for boys and girls were by the Arya Roy established a Vedanta College where learning and Western social and physical were offered

14. #14Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: I. Satya Prakash Swami Dayanand Saraswati 2. Vivian Derozio 3. Tattvabodhini Keshub Chandra Sen Patrika 4. Mirat-ul- Raja Rammohan Roy AkhbarHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Prakash was a Gujarati weekly launched Mulji in 1852 to advocate for widow Prakash was the book written by Swami Derozio started East Indian as a daily newspaper. Patrika was a Bengali newspaper Debendranath Tagore in 1843. It was devoted to study of India's past with a rational was launched by Raja Rammohan Roy first Persian journal in 1822. It had to stop the Licensing Regulation 1823 under John Adams

15. #15Practice set
    With reference to women's during the colonial rule, which of the following statements is/are incorrect? 1. The Hunter commission recommended encouragement of women education. 2. Professor D.K. Katvei started the Indian Women's University at Pune. 3. Bethune School was the first ever to provide modern education to girls.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C3 only
    • D1 and 3 only
    Answer: (C) 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. The Hunter commission attention to inadequate facilities for especially outside the presidency towns recommendations for its spread. The appointed to enquire into the execution of of 2 is correct. Professor D.K. Karve started Women's University in 1916, at Pune for to 3 is incorrect. The first step in giving a to girls was taken by the Christian Christian missionaries set up the Calcutta Society in 1819. The Bethune School was J.E.D. Bethune in Calcutta in 1849

16. #16Practice set
    Which of the following options regarding Pandita Ramabai is correct?
    • AShe was conferred with the titles of Pandita and Sarasvati by the Bombay University
    • BShe wrote a book on gender discrimination called Stri Purush Tulana
    • CShe started Sharda Sadan to provide an ashram to destitute high caste widows
    • DShe was the first practicing female medical doctor of India
    Answer: (C) She started Sharda Sadan to provide an ashram to destitute high caste widows
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct c is correct: Pandita Ramabai started Sharda Bombay in 1889 to provide an ashram to destitute widows. Sharada Sadan provided residential Brahmin women, mainly widows, but also Important Tips Ramabai was given title of Pandita by faculty of university of Calcutta. Stripurush tulana was written by Tarabai Shinde. Rakhmabai Janaradhan was the first practicing women doctor in India

17. #17Practice set
    Which of the following principles defines the nature of education reforms sought by early Indian social reformers? 1. The Indian reformers stressed on science and technology-based education system for material development. 2. The primary aim of Indian education system should be to enable Indians to get government jobs. 3. Teaching in vernacular languages should be an essential part of the Indian education system.Select the correct answer from the options given below
    • A1 and 3 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C3 only
    • D1, 2, and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct features of education reforms sought by early reformers: Indian reformers stressed for a science and technology based education system for material development of the country. While the British emphasized a classical and art-based curriculum. They wanted to develop the Indian education system for the social transformation of Indian society and not just for jobs in the British administration. Teaching in vernaculars was deemed necessary to popularize education and spread it to the masses. The reformers emphasized on education of women and expanding their role outside the home. Some of them advocated free and compulsory education up to primary level

18. #18Practice set
    Which of the following activities were' undertaken by the socio-religious reform movements to evolve an alternative cultural ideological system? 1. Revitalising Indian system of mddicine. 2. Development of vernacular language. 3. Defence of religion. 4. Regeneration of traditional institutions.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2 and 4 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2, 3 and 4
    Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Socio-religious reform movements mainly two issues - evolution of an alternative cultural ideological system and the regeneration of These concerns were addressed traditional knowledge: Rational adopted by reformers in reconstructing Contemporary socio-religious practices from the standpoint of social utility and to with rationality. Attempts were made to system of medicine. Shyamadas Vacaspati, a scholar, founded a national University of Gaudiya Saravidyayatana, as part of the Movement. Statement 1 is and development of vernacular languages: were translated into vernacular languages and written in various regional languages. Ex: Roy brought out journals in Bengali, and Persian to inform the public, Bal Marathi journal Darpan. Statement 2 of religion: Religion and Vedanta principles be followed on the basis of rational thinking. Ex: held that the same method of ap

19. #19Practice set
    Consider the following statements in the context of Rabindranath Tagore's views on education system: 1. Tagore's model of education is based on principles of naturalism, humanism and internationalism. 2. Vishwa Bharati University was founded by Tagore with the objective of exploring the arts, language and music. 3. Shantiniketan was originally built as an. ashram by Debendranath Tagore.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: There are four in Rabindranath Tagore's alternative naturalism, humanism, internationalism Shantiniketan and Visva Bharathi are based very principles. Tagore insisted that education imparted in natural 2 is correct: The Visva-Bharati by Rabindranath Tagore in 1921, is one of oldest central university. Visva Bharati established as a center for culture with the objective of exploring the arts, language, humanities, music etc. Statement 3 is correct: Santiniketan, popularly known today as a university town, was originally an ashram built by Debendranath Tagore, where anyone, irrespective of caste and creed, could come and spend time meditating

20. #20Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the press during colonial period: 1. The second half of the 19th century saw a decline of press due to restrictive policies imposed on the press by the colonial rulers. 2. The impact of press was limited to cities and towns only.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect: The second half of the 19th an unprecedented growth of Indian-owned vernacular newspapers, despite numerous on the press by the colonial rulers from time In 1877, there were about 169 newspapers vernacular languages and their circulation reached of 2 is incorrect: The newspapers had a wide they stimulated a library movement. Their impact limited to cities and towns; these newspapers remote villages, where each news item and be read and discussed thoroughly in the which would gather around a single this way, these libraries served the purpose of not education but also of political participation

21. #21Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Licensing Regulations, 1823: 1. It was enacted by Warren Hastings to suppress the freedom of press in India. 2. According to these regulations, starting or using a press without licence would be a penal offence. 3. The Act also covered journals, pamphlets and books under its ambit. 4. These regulations were repealed by William Bentinck.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Adam became Acting Governor General of India Hastings's departure in January 1823. His rule seven months. He enacted Licensing Regulations, led to the suppression of the freedom of the 1 is incorrect: In 1823, the then acting governor general, John Adams (and not by Warren Hastings), reactionary views for the press, enacted the 1823. So statement 1 is 2 is correct: According to Licensing starting or using a press without licence was made penal offence. It curbed the freedom enjoyed by the press greater 3 is correct: The Licensing Regulations, also extended to cover journals, pamphlets and from newspapers. These restrictions were against Indian language newspapers or by Indians. Rammohan Roy's Mirat-ul-Akbar stop publication due to this 4 is incorrect: The Press Act of 1835 came to as the liberator of the press. The act revoked Regulations of 1823. It was revoked b

22. #22Practice set
    Consider the following statements in the context of Indian press during colonial rule: 1. The impact of Press was limited to cities and towns. 2. The Press Committee of 1921 was chaired by Tej Bahadur Sapru.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. The Indian newspapers had a and they stimulated a library movement. Their not limited to cities and towns; these the remote villages, where each news item would be read and discussed thoroughly in the which would gather around a single 2 is correct. In 1921, on the recommendations Press Committee chaired by Tej Bahadur Sapru, the of 1908 and 1910 were repealed

23. #23Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding to various press Act passed during British rule in India? 1. Ripon repealed the Vernacular Press act of 1878. 2. Newspaper Act, 1908 and Indian Press Act, 1910 were imposed in response to Swadeshi Movement. 3. Tilak was tried on the charges of sedition under the Indian Press Act of 1910.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C3 only
    • D1 and 3 only
    Answer: (C) 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Charles Metcalfe had lifted Indian Press in 1835, so he is called the liberator of Ripon had repealed the Vernacular Press Act 2 is correct. Press was under severe the wake of Swadeshi and anti-partition movement were imposed in 1908 and 1910 under (Incitement to offences) Act, 1908 and Act, 3 is incorrect. Tilak was tried on the sedition and transported to mandalay for 6 years (Incitement to offences) Act, 1908, not Press Act of 1910

24. #24Practice set
    With reference to the development of press during the British rule in India, consider the following statements: 1. Censorship of Press Act of 1799 was enacted during the tenure of Lord Wellesley. 2. The Press Act of 1835 made starting a press without license a penal offence. 3. Lord Ripon is considered to be the "Liberator of the Indian Press"How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. Lord Wellesley enacted act in 1799, anticipating French invasion It imposed almost wartime press restrictions 2 is incorrect. It was the Licensing 1823 which made starting or using a press a penal offence. The Press Act of 1835 repealed Regulations of 3 is incorrect. Lord Metcalfe is the 'Librater press' not Lord Rippon. Important Tips The Press Act of 1835 or Metcalfe Act, enacted by Metcalfe (Acting Governor-General-1835-36), repealed the obnoxious 1823 ordinance. This earned him the epithet, "liberator of the Indian press"

25. #25Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Vernacular Press Act: 1. It applied to publications made in vernacular Indian language only. 2. On the violation of the act, the press equipment of that publication was seized. 3. An appeal to the magistrate's decision was heard only by a European judge. 4. It was popularly known as the 'Gagging Act'.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: The Vernacular Press Act, only the Vernacular publications, i.e., or magazine, etc.) printed in local 2 is correct: When the offence was committed first time, the punishment was forfeiture of the by the vernacular publication owner. It was only offence was repeated that the vernacular was confiscated as 3 is incorrect: One of the worst features of was that the magistrate's decision was final, and there appeal to it in any court of 4 is correct: This act had been infamously the 'Gagging Act' by Indian nationalists, as it took civil and political right to freedom of expression punishments for giving their true opinions

26. #26Practice set
    Following the introduction of the Press Act of 1835, there was a substantial growth in the number of Indian newspapers. Regarding these, which of the following statement/sis/ are correct? 1. These newspapers were profit-making ventures started by Indian businessmen. 2. These newspapers encouraged library movements. 3. The reach of these newspapers were limited to towns and cities only. 4. In these newspaper, Acts and policies of the Government were not criticised.Select the correct answer from the options given below
    • A2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 4 only
    • D4 only Practiceb o o k
    Answer: (A) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. The newspapers were not profit making ventures but were considered as and public 2 is correct. The newspapers had wide they stimulated the popular library movement not only political education but also 3 is incorrect. The newspapers had a wide both cities and towns and rural areas and 4 is incorrect. The newspapers put and policies to severe criticism and scrutiny

27. #27Practice set
    With reference to regulation of press during the British rule, consider the following statements: 1. The Newspaper Act, 1908 empowered the government to confiscate press property. 2. The Press Act, 1835 is also known as Metcalfe act. 3. The Censorship of Press act, 1799 was enacted anticipating French invasion of India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Newspaper (Incitement to 1908 was enacted to curb Extremist nationalist Act empowered the magistrates to confiscate which published objectionable material likely incitement to murder/ acts of 2 is correct. Metcalfe (governor-general -1835

28. #28Practice set
    With reference to Governor-General Metcalfe's policies during British rule, which of the following statements is correct?
    • AHe adopted a liberal press policy by repealing Licensing Regulations of 1823
    • BHe made it obligatory for publishers to get clearance by Secretary of the Government for all content to be published
    • CHe organized the All-India Newspapers' Editors Conference (AINEC)
    • DHe made provisions for mandatory declaration before the District Magistrate to publish any newspaper within their jurisdiction
    Answer: (A) He adopted a liberal press policy by repealing Licensing Regulations of 1823
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Metcalfe has earned the epithet, the Indian a is correct. The officiating Governor Metcalfe ( 1835-36) was a supporter of free press. the regulations of Licensing Act, 1823. Act 1835 just wanted publishers to give a the place and premises of the publication. influence had a positive impact on the growth as a large number of newspapers started stiff regulations were again imposed in 1857 due to b is incorrect. Lord Wellesley strict regulations through the Censorship of Act in 1799. This Act warranted that all content be cleared by the Secretary to the Government before published. Names of the printer, editor and to be clearly printed in every c is incorrect. During 1925-1946, the All Editors Conference (AINEC) came The main objective of the AINEC at the time was high traditions and standards of journalism; the freedom of publication of news and represent the press

29. #29Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: 1. Mirat-ul-Akbar. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 2. Swadesamitran G. Subramaniya Aiyar 3. Amrita Bazar Motilal Ghosh Patrika. 4. Indian Mirror. DadabhaiHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is matched incorrectly. Mirat-ul-Akbar - 2 is matched correctly. Swadesamitran - G. 3 is matched correctly. Amrita Bazar Patrika - Ghosh and Motilal 4 is matched incorrectly. Indian Mirror - N.N. Sen Important Tips Raja Rammohan Roy started the first Bengali language weekly newspaper and the first newspaper in an Indian language, called Sambad Koumudi, in 1821. In 1822, he also published a Persian journal, Mirat-ul-Akbar, which had to stop its publication due to Licensing Regulation, 1823. Subramania Iyer was known for his fiery articles with plenty of sting. Subramania Iyer actively supported the cause of India's freedom and used his newspaper to protest British Imperialism. He was also editor of 'The Hindu' from 1878-1898. In 1878, the British enacted a draconian law called the Vernacular Press Act in a bid to curtail criticism of the government in the local l

30. #30Practice set
    In the context of Indian History, consider the following statement: 1. The Bengal Gazette is the first newspaper in India. 2. John Adams started Bengal Gazette in 1780.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect. Hickey in 1780 started The Bengal Gazette General Advertiser, the first newspaper in was seized in 1872 because of its outspoken the General John Adams enacted 1823. According to these regulations, using a press without license was a penal offence

31. #31Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: 1. Censorship Brought all the of Press Act,newspapers under the 1799 government scrutiny before their publication. 2. Licensing Every publisher of Regulations, newspaper and magazines 1823 had to get a licensefrom the government. 3. Metcalfe Act All the newspaper was of 1835 required to print the name of the publisher and the place of the publicationHow many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correctly matched: Lord Wellesley of Press Act in 1799, anticipating French It imposed almost wartime press,pre-censorship. These restrictions were Lord Hastings, who had progressive views, and pre-censorship was dispensed 2 Js correctly matched: The acting who had reactionary views, enacted in 1823, According t.o these regulations, using a press without licence was a penal offence. of newspaper and magazines had to get a on, the Act was extended to cover journals, books. These restrictions were directed chiefly language newspapers or those edited by Roy's Mirat-ul-Akbar had to is incorrectly matched: Metcalfe (governor general-1835-36) repealed the obnoxious the epithet, "liberator of the hidian new Press Act (1835), Metcalfe Act required to give a precise account of premises of and cease functioning, if required by a The result of a liberal press policy was

32. #32Practice set
    Who was the chairperson of the Press Committee that recommended repealing of Press Acts of 1908 and 1910 after the end of First World War?
    • ATej Bahadur Sapru
    • BSatyendra Sinha
    • CJawaharlal Nehru
    • DGopal Krishna Gokhale
    Answer: (A) Tej Bahadur Sapru
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct the First World War, Defence of India Rules for repression of political agitatfon and criticism. In 1921, on the recommendations a Press chaired by Tej Bahadur Sapru, the Press Acts of 1908 and 1910 were repealed. (Emergency Powers) Act, 1931 This Act gave powers to provincial governments to suppress propaganda for Civil Disobedienc.e Movement. It was further in 1932 to include all activities calculated to undermine government authority

33. #33Practice set
    The establishment of British territorial control over India brought changes in different of life. Education was one of such areas where lot of changes came with the transfer of power to the British. The British Government in India established many commissions in the field of education. Which of the Commissions/ committee mentioned below are related to the development of Education? 1. Hunter (1882-83) 2. Aitchison Committee (1886) 3. Saddler Commission (1917-19) 4. Hartog Committee (1929) 5. Linlithgow Commission (1926)Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    • B1, 3 and 4 only
    • C1, 3 and 5 only
    • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
    Answer: (B) 1, 3 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer Option 1 is correct: In 1882, the Government appointed a under the chairmanship of W.W. Hunter to review the progress of education in the country since the Despatch of 1854. Its recommendations were to primary and secondary education. Primary education should be imparted through vernacular. To transfer control of primary education to newly set up district and municipal boards. secondary education should have two divisions literary and vocational. Option 2 is incorrect: The Aitchison Committee on Public Services (1886), set up by Dufferin. It was related to the civil services. It recommended for the classification of the civil service into Imperial Indian Civil Service (examination in England), Provincial Civil Service (examination in India) and Subordinate Civil Service (examination in India). It recommended to increase the age limit to 23. Option 3 is corr

34. #34Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Hunter Commission: 1. It was appointed to review the development of education since the Wood's Despatch of 1854. 2. It recommended transfer of control of primary education to district and municipal boards. 3. It recommended that there should be vocational training in high schools for commercial careers.How many of the statements given above are incorrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (D) None
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct education was shifted to provinces in 1870, secondary education suffered because the had limited resources at their disposal. In government appointed a commission under of W.W. Hunter to review the progress in the country since the Despatch of 1854. Commission mostly confined its primary and secondary 1 is correct: The government appointed the Commission to review the progress of education country since the Wood's Despatch of 2 is correct: Hunter Commission of control of primary education to newly set and municipal boards. The Hunter that State should make special efforts for improvement of vernacular education. Mass to be seen as instructing masses through 3 is correct: The Hunter Commission that secondary (high school) have two divisions

35. #35Practice set
    "In 1917, the Government of India set up a commission to study and report on problems of Calcutta University. This commission held the view that for the improvement of university education, improvement of secondary education was a Practice necessary precondition. Most importantly, it recommended less rigidity in framing university The above passage is refereeing to which of the following commissions/committees?
    • AHartog Committee
    • BRaleigh Commission
    • CSargent Plan of Education
    • DSadler Commission
    Answer: (D) Sadler Commission
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1917, the Government of India appointed the Commission, commonly called the after its Micha.el Sadler. was set up to study and report on problems University, but its recommendations were or less to other universities also. It reviewed the from school education to university education. It view that for the improvement of university of secondary education was l Its key observations were as follows

36. #36Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the Despatch: 1. It was considered as "Magna Carta'' of English Education in British India. 2. It asked the government to assume the responsibility for education of the masses. 3. It recommended a system of grants-in- aid to encourage private enterprise.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct I is correct: In 1854, Charles Wood prepared on an educational system for India. "Magna Carta of English Education in India", was the first comprehensive plan for the education in 2 is correct: It asked the government of assume responsibility for education of the masses, the 'downward filtration theory', at least It systematized the hierarchy from vernacular in villages at bottom, followed by Anglo- Schools and an affiliated college at the district universities in the presidency towns of and 3 is correct: It recommended a system of grants in-aid to encourage private enterprise. In addition the Despatch also laid stress on female and and on teachers' training

37. #37Practice set
    "He served as a foreign secretary to the government of India from 1842 to 1843, he was also the lieutenant governor of the North-Western Provinces. He had established a system of 897 locally supported elementary schools in centrally located villages. through the medium of vernacular languages. He improved communications, police protection, and social services in North-Western Which of the following personalities is the above paragraph referring to?
    • ACharles Wood
    • BSir John Philip Sargent
    • CJames Thomson
    • DJonathan Duncan
    Answer: (C) James Thomson
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Thomson served as magistrate-collector and in Azamgarh (1832-37) and foreign secretary government of India ( 1842-43). In 1843 he was governor of the North-Western Provinces, the next 10 years he served in that post. He comprehensive scheme of village education through of vernacular languages. He had established supported elementary schools in centrally In these village schools, useful subjects such and agriculture sciences were taught. was to train personnel for the newly set up Public Works Department

38. #38Practice set
    Regarding the Indian Universities Act, 1904, which of the following options is incorrect?
    • AIt placed the Calcutta University under governmental control
    • BGovernment enjoyed powers to veto universities' senate regulations
    • CIt encouraged the affiliation of private colleges with the government universities
    • DUniversities were asked to give more attention to study and research
    Answer: (C) It encouraged the affiliation of private colleges with the government universities
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1902, Raleigh Commission was set up to go into prospects of universities in India and to suggest improvement in their constitution and working. its recommendations, the Indian Universities Act in 1904. The act placed Calcutta University governmental control. Infact all the universities under governmental per the Universities were to give more attention to study and research. Government was to have powers to veto universities' senate regulations and could amend these regulations or pass regulations on its own. Affiliation of private colleges was not encouraged. In fact, conditions were to be made stricter for affiliation of private colleges

39. #39Practice set
    Regarding the Wood's Despatch of 1854, consider the following statements: 1. The dispatch was sent to Lord Hardinge, the Governor-General of India. 2. It supported the downward filtration theory. 3. It discouraged the idea of female education in India.How many of the statements given above are incorrect?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is incorrect. Charles Wood was the the Board of Control and he sent the dispatch to the Governor-General of 2 is incorrect. The Wood's Despatch downward filtration 3 is incorrect. It laid stress on female education and on teachers' training. Important Tips The Wood's Despatch asked the Government of India to assume responsibility for education of the masses

40. #40Practice set
    'It was formed to review the progress of the education in the country since Wood's Despatch of 1854. It reiterated the idea of imparting primary education in vernacular language. It confined its recommendations to primary and secondary education in India. It recommended transfer of control of primary education to district and municipal boards. It highlighted the deficiencies in female education in India: The question refers to
    • AHartog Committee
    • BSaddler University Commission
    • CHunter Education Commission
    • DSergeant Plan of Education
    Answer: (C) Hunter Education Commission
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1882, the Viceroy Lord Ripon appointed a the chairmanship of W.W. Hunter to review of education in the country since the of 1854. The Hunter Education its recommendations to primary and It reiterated the idea of imparting in vernacular medium. It also recommended of control of primary education to newly set and municipal boards

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