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General & Miscellaneous — UPSC Prelims Modern History previous year questions — page 2

145 solved previous year questions on General & Miscellaneous, papers from 1992 to 2022, drawn from State PCS, UPSC CSE Prelims, UPPCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41Practice set
   With reference to the system of Indigo cultivation in India during the Colonial Period, consider the following statements: 1. Under 1 he Ryot/Ryoti system, the Planter cultivated Indigo by employing hired lahourers on land controlled by him. 2. Uuder the Nij system, the Planter signs a contract with the peasants and provides loans for cultivation. 3. At the end of the 19th century, the entire indigo cultivated land was under the Nij system. 13.How many of the statements given above are incorrect?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct were two main systems of indigo cultivation - Ryot/Ryoti Statement is incorrect: Within the system. of the planter produced iridigo in lands that controlled. He either the land or. frcini other zamindars and produced indigo 'by hired 2 is incorrect: Under the Ryot/Ryoti system, planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, 3 is incorrect: Till the late nineteenth were reluctant to expand the area under Less than 25 per cent of the land was under the nij system. The rest was under system. Important Tips Under Ryot system: Those who signed the contract got cash advances from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo. But the loan committed the ryot. to cultivating indigo on at least 25 percent of the area under his holding. The planter provided the seed and the drill, while the cultivators prepared the soil, sowed the seed and looked after the crop. Th

2. #42Practice set
   Consider the following statements with respect to Zamindari arid Jagitdari system in Modern Indian history: 1. Jagirdari is a land tenure system first introduced during the Mughal era. 2. The Jagirdar had the right to remove a Zamindar. 3. The Zamindars did not have the hereditary rights of collecting land revenue. 4. The zamindars maintained troops and cavalry.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: Jagirdari is a land tenure during the Delhi Sultanate period. Revenue was assigned to jagirdars in lieu of their salary in to their rank. Statement 2 is correct: The right to remove a Zamindar, detain the peasants them back in case they ran 3 is incorrect: The zamindars had of collecting land revenue from several were called his zamindari. For the collection of they used to get a share of revenues which could to 25 percent of the 4 is correct: The zamindars maintained zamindars employed their footmen and cavalry. helped them in the realization ofland revenue an cl of the Important Tips Jagirdari Sytem: The jagirdar was allowed to collect only authorised revenue in accordance with the Imperial regulations. One of the important features of the jagir system was shifting of jagir-holders from one jagir to another for administrative reasons. This system

3. #43Practice set
   The Dual Government established in Bengal in 1765 was abolished by which of the following?
   • ARobert Clive
   • BMajor Hector Munro
   • CWarren Hastings
   • DLord Cornwallis
   Answer: (C) Warren Hastings
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct dual system led to an administrative breakdown disastrous for the people of Bengal. Neither nor the Nawab cared for administration and Hastings did away with the dual system in 1772 was brought under direct control of the Nawabs remained as the mere pensioners of the Company. Important Tips Robert Clive introduced the dual system of government, i.e., the rule of the two-the Company and the Nawab in Bengal in which both the diwani, i.e., collecting revenues, and nizamat, i.e., police and judicial functions, came under the control of the Company. The Company exercised diwani rights as the diwan and the nizamat rights through its right to nominate the deputy subahdar. The Company acquired the diwani functions from the emperor and nizamat functions from the subahdar of Bengal

4. #44Practice set
   Consider the following pairs about the treaties signed between the Marathas and the British: 1. Treaty of British ceded the territories Surat of Salsette and Bassein to Marathas. 35. 2. Treaty of Peshwa should not support Salbai any other European nation than British 3. Treaty of English troops to be kept Bassein permanently in Maratha territory.How many of the pairs given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone Pracficebook
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct the English emerging victorious in the end. In both the sides signed numerous treaties, gave the English the key to 1 is incorrect: The background for Surat treaty was the context of the power tussle in the house of Raghunathrao and Sawai Madhvrao (minor) regency of Nana Phadnavis. Raghunathrao sought the English at Bombay by signing the Treaty of Surat Under the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the Salsette and Bassein to the English along with a the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. the English were to provide Raghunath Rao 2 is correct: Warren Hastings, the Bengal, rejected the Treaty of Wadgaon and sent a of soldiers against the Marathas. During struggle 1781 the English, under General Camac, Sindhia at Sipri. Sindhia, hence, proposed a between the two sides, the Treaty of Salbai in treaty guaranteed peace between the two sides this, Salsette should continu

5. #45Practice set
   With reference to social condition of India. during 18th century, consider the following statements: 1. Women were not at all allowed to work outside their houses. 2. With the advent of Europeans, slavery got heightened in India.Which of the statements given above are correct?
   • A1 Only
   • B2 Only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2 40
   Answer: (B) 2 Only
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct society of 18th century India was characterized outlook and stagnation. Though there existed degree of broad cultural unity, people were caste, religion, region, tribe and language. The was primarily patriarchal, and caste was the of the social life of the Hindus. llf'orumlll 1 is incorrect: While upper class women home, lower class women worked in fields and homes supplementing the family 2 is correct: The advent of the slavery and slave trade in India. companies purchased slaves from the markets Assam and Bihar and took them to the European market

6. #46Practice set
   With reference to developments in Art, Architecture and Culture during 18 th century India, consider the following statements: 1. Bada Imambara was built during the rule of Nishapur Dynasty at Lucknow. 2. Rajputana and Kangra schools of painting lost their prominence. 3. Heer Ranjha, the romantic epic in Punjabi literature, was composed. 4. Mirza Raja Man Singh I constructed pink city of Jaipur.How many of the statements given above are correct?
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • COnly three
   • DAll four
   Answer: (B) Only two
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct decline of the imperial Mughals forced talented seek the patronage of newly established state courts Lucknow, Jaipur, Murshidabad, Patna, i is correct: At Lucknow, to Persian Shia Muslim dynasty from the bada Imambara in 2 is incorrect: new schools of painting and achieved distinction in the 18th century. of the Rajputana and Kangra schools and revealed new vitality and 3 is correct: A distinct feature of the literary the 18th century was the growth of regional this period, Heer Ranjha, the romantic epic literature, was composed by Warris 4 is incorrect: In the first half of the Sawai Jai Singh built the pink city of Jaipur astronomical observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, and Ujjain. He also prepared a set of Jij Muhammad-shahi, to help the people in the astronomy

7. #47Practice set
   Consider the following statements about the Anglo-Nepalese relations during the British period in India: 1. The conflict between the Gorkhas and the British began during the period of Lord Hastings. 2. The Treaty of Yandabo was signed between the British and the Gorkhas to ensure mutual peace.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (A) 1 only
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct 1 is correct: In 1801, the English which brought the Gorkhas' boundary and boundary together. The Gorkhas wrested Nepal from the successors of Ranjit Malla of Bhatgaon itself. The conflict started due to the Gorkhas' Butwal and Sheoraj during the period of Lord 2 is incorrect: The war between both them to sign the Treaty of Sagauli in 1816. Treaty of Yandabo was signed between the British and in 1826 after the First Burma War (1824-26). Important Tips The Treaty of Sagauli,1816 was actually in favour of the British. Under this, Nepal accepted a British resident. It ceded the districts of Garhwal and Kumaon, and abandoned claims to Terai and withdrew from Sikkim. This agreement also made the Gorkhas to join the British Indian Army in large numbers

8. #48Practice set
   Which one of the following statements is incorrect with reference to the Treaty of Sagauli signed during British period?
   • AAs a result of the Treaty, Nepal agreed to withdraw from Sikkim
   • BThe Treaty gave better facilities to British for trade with Central Asia
   • CThe Indian government got access to the Chumbi Valley
   • DAfter the Treaty, the Gorkhas joined the British Indian Army in large numbers. l [ ] 53
   Answer: (C) The Indian government got access to the Chumbi Valley
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct answer i The Anglo-Nepalese war ended in the Treaty of per the treaty - accepted a British resident. Nepal ceded the districts of Garhwal and Kumaon, and abandoned claims to Terai. Nepal also withdrew from agreement brought many advantages to the British the British empire now reached the Himalayas; it got better facilities for trade with Central Asia; it acquired sites for hill stations, such as Shimla, Mussoorie and Nainital; and the Gorkhas joined the British Indian Army in large was the Treaty of Lhasa, signed between India and provided, as a security for payment, that the would occupy the Chumbi Valley Bhutan and Sikkim) for 75 years

9. #49Practice set
   Consider the following statements with reference to the Ahom kingdom: 1. It was founded by Chaolung Sukaphaa. 2. Assam was ceded to British India.after the Treaty of Yandabo. 3. Forced labour was prevalent in the Ahom kingdom.How many of the above given statements are correct? extreme luxury. with exports contributing more than imports. sector remained backward and stagnant. than that in Europe. With reference to European rule in India, consider the following events
   • AOnly one
   • BOnly two
   • CAll three
   • DNone
   Answer: (C) All three
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Chaolung Sukaphaa founded kingdom in 1228 2 is correct. Ahom Kingdom of Assam with British ruled India after the Treaty It was the peace treaty that resulted at the end First Anglo Burmese 3 is correct. The Ahom state depended labour. Those forced to work for the state paiks. In this system, able-bodied adult males, to provide service to the state and form its return for land

10. #50Practice set
    Consider the following statements with regard to Durand Line Agreement (1893): 1. The North West Frontier Province (NWFP) was carved out under this agreement. 2. The Durand Agreement was able to bring peace in the region. 3. The agreement took place during the reign of Lord Curzon.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone With respect to Modern History
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. The Durand Line Agreement to the formation of the North-Western Durand Line Agreement demarcated British territories and Afghan 2 is incorrect. The Durand Agreement to keep peace and soon there were tribal 3 is incorrect. The Durand Line Agreement in 1893 while Lord Curzon reign in India was

11. #51Practice set
    With reference to Anglo-Mysore wars, consider the following statements: 1. The Treaty of Seringapatam was concluded between Haidar Ali and the English. 2. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas supported the state of Mysore in the four Anglo-Mysore wars. 3. Both Arthur Wellesley and Lord Wellesley were involved in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct state of Mysore fought four wars with the British and 1799. Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan led Mysore 1 is incorrect. The Treaty of signed between Tipu Sultan and the English in the treaty, nearly half of the Mysorean territory over by the victors of the third Anglo-Mysore war of Travancore, the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad 2 is incorrect. The Nizam of Hyderabad Marathas kept changing their strategies with the first Anglo Mysore war, Haidar Ali turned and the Marathas against the British through diplomacy. Later however, Marathas attacked 1771. In the second and third Anglo-Mysore war, and the British sided with the English forces state of 3 is correct. In 1798, Lord Wellesley John Shore as the new Governor General of Bengal. concerned about the growing friendship between and the French. He accused Tipu Sultan of the British. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war was also pa

12. #52Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. The Treaty of Amritsar made the river Sutlej as the boundary between the territories of Punjab ruler Ranjit Singh and the British. 2. The annexation of Punjab was completed under Lord Dalhousie. 3. The annexation of Sindh was completed under Lord Ellenborough.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. The Treaty of Amritsar was the Punjab ruler Ranjit Singh and the British. It check on the ambitions of Ranjit Singh by declaring Sutlej as the new boundary between his dominions territories of the 2 is correct. The annexation of Punjab by Lord Dalhousie in 3 is correct. Sindh was looked at from of saving the British empire in India forces like Napoleon during the and the Russians. In 1843, under the Sindh was merged into the British empire. Important Tips The defeat and humiliation suffered by the Sikhs in the first Anglo-Sikh war was the precursor to the mass uprising in Multan in 1848. The then Governor General of India, Lord Dalhousie saw this as a good pretext to annex Punjab completely. Three important battles were fought between 1848 and 1849- Battle of Ramnagar, Battle of Chillhanwala and Battle of Gujarat

13. #53Practice set
    Which of the following statements are correct factors that attracted European trading companies to India? 1. The trading companies acquired charters from the rulers that ensured that they do not face competition from other companies of the native country. 2. Cotton, silk, pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon were in great demand in the Europe: 3. They looked for new lands from which it could buy goods at a cheap price and sell them to Europe at higher prices.Select the correct code from the options given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 and 3 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct. In 1600, the East India a charter from the ruler of England, I, granting it the sole right to trade with the meant that no other trading group in England with the East India 2 is correct. The fine qualities of cotton and in India had a big market in Europe. cardamom and cinnamon too were in great 3 is correct. Mercantile trading companies days made profit primarily by excluding that they could buy cheap and sell dear. With this Company could venture across the oceans, looking lands from which it could buy goods at a cheap carry them back to Europe to sell at higher Company did not have to fear competition from trading companies

14. #54Practice set
    Which of the following factors led to the fall of Punjab into British hands after death of Ranjit singh? 1. He was followed by a line of weak successors. 2. The strength of Punjab military forces was lesser than that of the British. 3. There was a rise of court factions and rivalry for power capture. 4. There was instability in administration.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Statement 1 is correct: Raja Ranjit Singh was the last ruler of Punjab. After his death he was quick succession by weak or inefficient or all of whom could not resist the British is incorrect: Punjab had a huge army at more (not less) than that of the British. In Anglo-Sikh war of 1845-46, 50,000 soldiers of against 20-30, British soldiers. However, they due to treachery of their army generals Teja Lal Singh who made secret pacts with the 3 is correct: After the death of a powerful Ranjit Singh who had kept courtiers in check, in of.a strong successor, the court got divided rival factions, each with the ambition of powerful tp.an the rest, wanting to capture power the weak king. They also allowed the favours and interference for their narrow gains. British capture 4 is correct: In the absence of a strong fought and for powerful posts like that army commander or th

15. #55Practice set
    With reference to the reasons for the downfall of the Mughals, consider the following statements: 1. Shifting Allegiance of Zamindars 2. Rivalry between the nobles 3. Economic extravagance by the rulersHow many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct major factors which contributed to the downfall of Empire are discussed 1 is correct. Shifting allegiance of Mughals to nobles was one of the main reasons of Mughal empire. In Mughal times, important and powerful functionaries. Mughals curb their power (revenue collection) by maintaining 11 contact with the peasants, but it could not Later, during the Aurangzeb rule, more powerful with the help of nobles and allegiance from Mughals resulting in weakening them Statement 2 is correct. Nobility was divided on t.he religion, homeland and tribe, and each group of its own. There were jealousy, mutual fight for power during later Mughal rule. It resulted the prestige of the emperor, as well as decline 3 is correct. Economic extravagance by declined the status and power of Mughal empire. lifestyles of the emperors overburdened the expenditure exceeded the income of the st

16. #56Practice set
    Consider the following statements with respect to the problems of Mughal administration in the 18th century: 1. The availability of a limited number of jagirs led to exploitation of peasants. 2. There was no significant advancement in scientific and technological field.Which of the above given statements are correct?
    • A1 Only
    • B2 Only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct answer Many factors contributed to the downfall of the Mughal Empire in 18 th century. Statement 1 is correct. The economy of the Mughal empire in 18 th century deteriorated due to availability of limited number. of jagirs and increasing contests among many jagirdars. The number of amirs and their ranks or mansabs had. increased sharply over time; there was little land left to be distributed among them as jagirs. Aurangzeb tried to solve the problem of acute shortage of jagirs or bejagiri by showing enhanced income from the jagirs on record. But this was a short-sighted measure as the amirs tried to recover the recorded income from their jagirs by pressurising the peasantry. So, both the amirs and the peasantry were antagonised. Statement 2 is correct. There was no significant scientific and technological advance that could have improved a stagnant economy. In con

17. #57Practice set
    With reference to the expansion of British Empire, consider the following events: 1. Signing of the Treaty of Lhasa 2. First Anglo-Afghan War 3. First Anglo-Sikh War. 4. Signing of the Treaty of Amritsar What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?
    • A1-2-4-3
    • B2-4-3-1
    • C4-2-1-3
    • D4-2-3-1
    Answer: (D) 4-2-3-1
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on April 25, pact was signed between Metcalfe representing and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of treaty settled Indo-Sikh relations for a generation. It the frontier of lands controlled by Ranjit broadly line of the Sutlej The first Anglo-Afghan war was fought from 1839 Then in 1842, Sir Charles Napier was deputed to complete civil and military authority. Outram to Sindh to negotiate a new treaty. Under the Amirs were required to cede important as the price of their past transgressions, to supply fuel Company's steamers plying on the Indus, and to The first Anglo-Sikh war was fought between the and the Sikh Empire in 1845-46 in Punjab. It the Sikh empire's loss and partial submission, as well cession of Jammu and Kashmir as a separate under British The Treaty of Lhasa was signed in 1904. terms to the Tibetan officials whic

18. #58Practice set
    With regard to development of art and culture after decline of Mughals, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Sindhi literature was enriched by Sittar poetry. 2. Many Urdu poets like Mirza Galib, Sauda, Nazir emerged. 3. Malayalam literature flourished under the patronage of Travancore rulers.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct the decline of Mughal rule, many artisans under state courts of Hyderabad, Lucknow, etc. New schools of painting emerged distinction. The paintings of Rajutana and became 1 is incorrect: The Tamil language was sittar poetry. Tayumanavar (1706-44), one of the of sittar poetry, protested against the abuses and the caste 2 is correct: Growth of Urdu language was an important development of this period. poets like Mirza Galib, Sauda, Nazir, Mir, this 3 is correct: Malayalam literature the patronage of Travancore rulers. Kanchan a noted Malayalam poet

19. #59Practice set
    With reference to the third battle of Panipat, consider the following statements: 1. It led to the decline of the Marathas in the north which favoured the rise of the British. 2. This battle completely ended the Maratha power in India.Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (B) 2 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Battle of Panipat: The Third Battle of Panipat January 14, 1761 between the Marathas and forces of ruler Ahmad Shah 1 is correct. As a result of this battle a the Marathas ended all of a sudden. The decline of in the north helped the rise of the the Marathas tried to establish themselves in they had to struggle against the Britishers for this tug of war for supremacy, the Marathas could not 2 is incorrect. The Third Battle of Panipat great significance in the history of India. It shattered of both the Mughals and the Marathas. Although of the Marathas was not crushed completely as soon to power in the south. The decline in their the north strengthened the Sikhs in the Punjab

20. #60Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Both Rohilakhand and Bangash were established as a result of Afghan immigration in India. 2. The kingdom of Bangash was an area of the Himalayan foothills between Kumaon in the north and the Ganga in the south. 3. The state of Rohilakhand was set up by Ali Muhammad Khan. 4. Rohilakhand was established during the reign of Farukhsiyar HHow many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. The states of Rohilakhand and of the Bangash Pathans were indeed a fall out Afghan migration into India. Large scale immigration into India took place in mid- 13 th century because and economic turmoil in 2 is incorrect. The kingdom of not Bangash) was an area of the Himalayan Kumaon in the north and the Ganga in the 3 is correct. Ali Muhammad Khan took the collapse of authority in north India following invasion, to set up a petty kingdom, 4 is incorrect. Mohammad Khan Afghan, set up an independent kingdom of to the east of Delhi in the area during the reigns of Farrukhsiyar Shah

21. #61Practice set
    Consider the following statements: 1. Sharif Muslims included nobles and scholars. 2. Ajlaf Muslims consisted of officers in charge of army-affairs.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct though, enjoined social equality on the Muslims, were divided by considerations of caste, race, status in the 13 th century. Religious considerations kept the Sunni and Shia nobles apart but also the Turani and Hindustani Muslim nobles and from one 1 is correct. The sharif Muslims consisted scholars, priests and army 2 is incorrect. Ajlaf Muslims were the lower class Muslims or backward Muslim communities. often looked down upon by Sharif Muslims in a to the way of the higher-caste Hindus treated Hindus

22. #62Practice set
    Which of the following reasons is not responsible for the defeat of the Marathas in Anglo-Maratha Wars?
    • AMaratha Empire dependent on the taxes levied on the newly acquired state and not on the natural resources of Maharashtra
    • BThe abolition of Jagirdari system
    • CThe Maratha were not inspired by the spirit of nationalism
    • DThe Maratha confederacy lacked the effective organization of forces, war weapons, disciplined action and efficient leadership
    Answer: (B) The abolition of Jagirdari system
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Marathas proved superior to the various that rose on the ruins of the Mughal Empire, inferior to the English in material resources, diplomacy and a is correct: Maharashtra is. a hilly agriculture, trade or industry did not develop support the country economically. Therefore, the to depend on Chauth, Sardesmukhi and similar and imposts and depend on the uncertain from these b is incorrect: The Jagirdari system grew Marathas during the period of war of Aurangzeb when every Maratha commander to keep as his own jagir the territory captured own efforts. So it was not abolished. That finally the formation of Maratha confederacy and the no more remained one entity. Besides, Maratha jagirs to their officers for facilitating Chauth and Sardeshmukhi which led to the growth system. The system did not permit Maratha centralize their thereby their as well. It weakened Maratha

23. #63Practice set
    Which of the following factors were responsible for people's resentment against Company Rule? I. Introduction of intermediaries between the owner and cultivator of the land. 2. Growth of absentee landlordism 3. Introduction of western education system in India 4. Suppressing local industries to make way for the British manufactured goods.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct industrial Revolution which made it necessary to look for raw materials and markets in This necessity guided the policy of the in India. Indian economy was geared to serve of the British masters. The sudden in Indian economy during this period became of people resistance against 1 is correct. The Britishers recognized of land and several intermediaries came in between the owner and cultivator of the and others who were engaged in collecting were least concerned about the paying the cultivators and forcefully collected the taxes. the colonial rule, the nexus of the official, the the money lender combined to exploit the discontent at various junctures took the form 2 is correct. The Speculation and land by merchants, bureaucrats and landlords led to of absentee landlordism which affected the laws the Non-residents and peasant were to purchase land in excess. This cr

24. #64Practice set
    With reference to the Bombay Millhand's Association, consider the following statements:32. 1. It was the first organised trade unipn in India. 2. It was founded by Narain Meghajee Lo khan de. 3. It demanded reduction in working hours and a weekly holiday for workers.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect: Bombay Millhand's a labour association of India. This Association a trade union. The Association had no existence organized body, having no membership, no funds rules. In 1890, NM Lokhande established the 2 is correct: In 1890, Narain up the Bombay Millhand's Association. N.M. a skilled worker in a textile mill in Bombay and a of the Satyashodhak 3 is correct: Bombay Millhand's Association the demands of

25. #65Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding the Tebhaga Movement? 1. The nerve centre of the movement was Bardoli region of Gujarat. 2. Implementation of the Adhiary Pratha Sytem of cultivation was one of the main demands of the movement. 3. Flood Commission, which was appointed as a result of this movement, accepted the demands of the peasants.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B1 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is incorrect: Farmers from the remote Sundarbans to various parts of North Bengal (and region of Gujarat) raised their demand for the storm centre of the movement was north among Rajbanshi, a low caste of tribal also participated in large 2 is incorrect: In Bengal Jotedars fixed the from land, to be shared equally between the the owner of the land i.e., jotedar. This system of land was commonly known as (half-half system), mostly prevalent in Tebhaga movement opposed this system two thirds share to the cultivator instead of share under the Adhiary Pratha 3 is incorrect The Bengal Provincial Kisan to implement Bengal Land Revenue Commission or Commission's recommendation through led to start of the movement. Hence, the started as a result of the Flood Important Tips In September 1946, the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha gave a call to start a mass struggle for the

26. #66Practice set
    What was/were the impact/impacts of American Civil War on the Peasants (ryots) in India? 1. Crash in the cotton prices after the end of the American Civil War. 2. Reduction of land revenue by all over India.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is correct. USA was the largest supplier to Britain. Once the civil war broke out, the cotton from India became high and this led to a cotton cultivation in India. However, once the war ended, cotton demand sank and this affected adversely. Due to slump in demand, the prices 2 is incorrect. The British India to raise the land revenue by in 1867, the conditions of the farmers

27. #67Practice set
    With reference to modern Indian history, which of the following option correctly describe the term 'Poligars'?
    • AHolders of territory, consisting of a few villages, granted to them by the ruler in return for military service
    • BAgrarian leagues formed in South India to fight oppressive economic policies of British rule
    • CCourts formed in Bihar to adjudicate the cases between ryots and zamindars. (d) Armed unit formed by powerful zamindars of South India. 93
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) Holders of territory, consisting of a few villages, granted to them by the ruler in return for military service
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct gars, in South India, are holders of territory or of a few villages granted to them by the rulers mainly the Nayakas-in return for military service

28. #68Practice set
    With reference to the Kuka movement, consider the following statements: 1. The movement started as a religious purification of Sikhism. 2. It aimed at overthrowing British rule after British took over Punjab. 3. The movement called for the boycott of educational institutions and laws established by British.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. The Kuka Movement was 1840 by Bhagat (also called Sian Saheb) Punjab. A major leader of the movement after Baba Ram Singh, who founded the Namdhari Sikh started as a group for religious purification in Ram 2 is correct. After the British took Punjab, got transformed from a religious to a political campaign. Kukas wanted to British and restore Sikh rule over 3 is correct. They advocated wearing and boycott of English laws and education So, the concepts of Swadeshi and propagated by the Kukas

29. #69Practice set
    Which of the following was the reason for Patharughat uprisings of 1894 in Assam?
    • AProtest against the imposition of 1 and tax by the British government
    • BFailure of the British government to protect these areas from Kuki violence
    • CResentment against the denial of customary rights over forests
    • DSettlement of outsiders in the Assam region
    Answer: (A) Protest against the imposition of 1 and tax by the British government
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Patharughat upnsmg is associated with the against the increase in land revenue levied by administration. After the British annexation in 1826, surveys of the vast lands of the state the basis of such surveys, the British began to taxes, much to the resentment of the farmers. In British government decided to increase tax reportedly by 70- 80 per cent. Across began protesting the move by organising Raij peaceful peoples' conventions. Despite these democratic, the British perceived them as for sedition. On January 28, 1894 when the protesting peacefully in Patharughat, a small village Darrang district, the military opened fire

30. #70Practice set
    With reference to Ramosi Uprising, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Ramosis were the tribals of Western ghats who resented against the Britishers. 2. The Britisher did a severe repression and aggressive use of force on the Ramosis. 3. Their complaints were related to the new regulations that denied their customary rights over forest areas.Choose the correct answer using the options given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 only
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct I is correct - The Ramosis, the hill tribes of Ghats, had not reconciled to British rule and pattern of administration. They rose under in 1822 and plundered the country around there were eruptions in 1825-26 under Umaji Poona and his supporter Bapu Trimbakji Sawant, and continued till 1829. The disturbance in 1839 over deposition and banishment of Raja of Satara, and disturbances erupted in 1840-41 a superior British force restored order in the area. 2 is incorrect - Generally, the Brit.ish pacifist policy towards the Ramosis, and even of them into the hill police. They didn't follow policies or brutal use of force against the 3 is incorrect - This is related to Tribals of Eastern Godavari track. Their complaints by police and moneylenders, new denial of their customary rights over forest instead resented the policy of annexation, annexation of the Maratha territ

31. #71Practice set
    In the context of 19th century India, which of the following is a characteristic of social life in cities?
    • AReady acceptance of women working outside home
    • BVery low gap in the incomes between rich and poor
    • CIncrease in number of educated middle class people
    • DRigid adherence to the traditional social customs and practices by all
    Answer: (C) Increase in number of educated middle class people
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct a is incorrect: Cities offered new opportunities But many people resented these attempts to patriarchal norms. Even reformers wanted remain within the enclosed spaces of the b is incorrect: For the Indian population, the were bewildering places where life seemed always flux. There was a dramatic contrast between and c is correct: Within the cities new social formed and the old identities of people were no All classes of people were migrating to the There was an increasing demand for clerks, doctors, engineers and accountants. As a middle classes d is incorrect: As educated people, they forward their opinions on society and government journals and public meetings. A new of debate and discussion emerged. Social and practices came to be questioned

32. #72Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the social and cultural life during 18th century India: 1. No strict regulations prevailed to follow the norms of castes. 2. Caste system existed among the Hindus only and not among the Muslims. 3. Purdah system was found only among the Hindus and not Muslims. 4. Dowry was widely prevalent in Bengal and Rajputana regions.How many of the statements given above correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two IIH
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect. Castes and sub-castes used to India during 18th century. At the same time there Panchayats and councils who strictly enforced through fines, penances and expulsions 2 is incorrect. Caste system existed among Hindus and also among the Muslims. When to Islams, they carried their castes into the The sharif muslims looked down upon the (lower 3 is incorrect. We can't say that Purdah mostly among Hindus and not among Muslims. It among the higher classes in the North Hindu or Muslim religion but was absent in South 4 is correct. Dowry was widely prevalent and Rajputana regions but it was curbed to in Maharashtra by Peshwas

33. #73Practice set
    Consider.the following statements regarding socio-religious reform movements in South India: 1. The Justice movement in Madras was started mainly to secure representation of the non-brahmins in the legislature. 2. The Self-Respect movement was started by S_ri Narayan Guru Swamy. 3. Thd Vaikom Satyagraha was led by K.P. Kesava for opening of Hindu temples to I the untouchables.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: The Justice movement in was started by C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and to secure jobs and representation for the in the legislature. In 1917, Madras was formed which demanded for the lower castes in the 2 is incorrect: The Self-Respect movement by E. V. Ramaswamy N aicker (and not Sree Swamy) commonly known as Periyar, in the The movement aimed at nothing short of a the Brahmanical religion and culture which Naicker the prime instrument of exploitation of lower sought to undermine the position of brahmin priests weddings without brahmin 3 is correct: In 1924, the Vaikom by K.P. Kesava, was launched in Kerala throwing open of Hindu temples and roads to The satyagraha was reinforced by jathas and Madurai. Mahatma Gandhi undertook a tour in support of the movement

34. #74Practice set
    Which of the following socio-religious reform movements was/were revivalist in nature? 1. Wahabi movement 2. Deoband movement 3. Theosophical movementSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B1 and 2 only Practicebo
    • C2 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1 is correct. The Wahabi Movement was Islamic revivalist movement founded by Syed Rai Bareilly who was inspired by the teachings of ab ( 1703-87) of Saudi Arabia and Shah Waliullah Syed Ahmed condemned the western influence and advocated a return to pure Islam and society as in the Arabia of the Prophet's 2 is correct. The Deoband Movement was the orthodox section among the Muslim ulema as movement with the twin objectives of teachings of the Quran and Hadis among Muslims alive the spirit of jihad against the foreign 3 is correct. It accepted the Hindu beliefs and karma, and drew inspiration philosophy of the Upanishads and samkhya, yoga schools of thought. As religious Theosophists did not attain much success, but as of westerners glorifying Indian religious traditions, it gave much needed self-respect Indians fighting British colonial rule. Important Tips A grou

35. #75Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the approach of the revivalist movements in British India: 1. Laid emphasis on the authority of the Vedas. 2. Advocated return to a purer form of religion. 3. Opposed all the reforms in the religion. 4. Called for a complete revival of. Vedic times. 5. Criticism of western notion of superiority.Which of the statements given above are correct?
    • A1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    • B1, 2 and 5 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 3, 4 and 5 only
    Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 5 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct were two major types of religious reform British India - the reformist and the revivalist approach of the revivalist movements was as followed

36. #76Practice set
    Consider the following pairs: 1. Justice Movement C.N. Mudaliar 2. Vaikom Satyagraha K.P. Kesava Menon 3. Self-Respect Sree Narayana Movement GuruWhich of the pairs given above is/ are correctly matched?
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Movement was started in Madras Presidency Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P. Tyagaraja to secure representation for the non-brahmins in the 1924, the Vaikom Satyagraha led by K.P. Kesava launched in Kerala demanding the throwing open temples and roads to the Movement was started by E.V. in the The movement aimed at of a rejection of the Brahminical religion and Naicker felt was the prime instrument of the lower castes

37. #77Practice set
    Which of the following books was/were written by Savitribai Phule? 1. Kavyaphule 2. Langal and Ganabani 3. Bavankashi Subodharatnakar. 4. GulamgiriSelect the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D2, 3 and 4 only
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct was a book of poems by Savitribai book had 41 poems, which dwelt on nature, the caste system. She also edited a book of Jyotirao and wrote his biography titled (The Ocean of Pure Gems). was written in verse. Importants Tips Langal and ganabani was written by Gopu Chakravarti and Dharani Goswami. Gulamgiri was the work of Jyotirao phule

38. #78Practice set
    With reference to the Socio-Religious Reform Movements in India, consider the following statements: 1. In South India, the movements focused on addressing the caste inequality. 2. E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker took the initiative of formalizing weddings without Brahmin priests. 3. The Kalaram Temple entry movement was led by E. V. Ramaswamy N aicker in Tamil Nadu demanding the opening of Hindu temples to untouchables.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Various Socio-religious South India (including Kerala and Tamil Nadu) on upliftment of the untouchables by participation in legislatures, entry into temples the orthodox 2 is correct. Self-Respect Movement was E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, a Balija Naidu, in the The movement aimed at nothing short of a brahminical religion and culture which Naicker the prime instrument of exploitation of the lower sought to undermine the position of Brahmin formalising weddings without Brahmin 3 is incorrect. Kalaram Temple entry a pivotal role in the Dalit movement in India. B. Gaikwad and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar led a the temple on 2 March 1930, in order to ts into the temple. The movement was to have a right temple, it was more towards having equal rights

39. #79Practice set
    With regards to the system of Halipratha, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was a system of life long attachment of lower caste persons as slaves. 2. It was mostly practiced in Gujarat.Select the correct answer from the options given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Halipratha was a system of hereditary attachment of lower caste to upper'di.'stes; 2 is correct. It was prevelent in South Publas were attached to higher caste Anvil It began when any agricultural labour took debt castes and was attached to the master for lif not sold but their services could be transferred master to another

40. #80Practice set
    Which of the following statements is/ are correct with respect to Ahmadiya Movement? 1. It was based on the principles of universal religion of all humanity. 2. It endorsed spreading western liberal education among the Indian Muslims.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Ahmadiya movement was Mirza Ahmed Ghulam in 1889. It was based on of universal religion of all humanity. It -ideas and presented itself as the flag bearer is correct: It spread western liberal the Muslims. It also opposed jihad but it also suffered from Solution Option d is the correct 1 is correct. These movements had to nanow social space, as the reformist only to a small elite group, who were primarily and cultural beneficiaries of colonial rule. base included only the educated and urban while the needs of the vast masses of peasantry poor were 2 is correct. Lacking in a broad social base, of the early nineteenth century thus iintrinsic faith in the benevofent nature of and relied more on legislation for imposing above. There was very little or no attempt to create social consciousness at the grass-roots level, later found a fertile ground 3 is co

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