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Advent of Europeans & Company Rule — UPSC Prelims Modern History previous year questions — page 2

87 solved previous year questions on Advent of Europeans & Company Rule, papers from 1994 to 2023, drawn from UPPCS, UPSC CSE Prelims, State PCS. Each carries the printed answer key and the explanation from the source compilation.

1. #41UPSC CSE Prelims 2000
   The Balkan Plan for fragmentation of India was the brainchild of
   • AW Churchill
   • BM.A. Jinnah
   • CLord Mountbatten
   • DV.P. Menon
   Answer: (D) V.P. Menon
   Explanation

   Option d is the correct answer. Shah Alam was the ruler of Delhi at the time of the Battle of Buxar (22 October, 1764). Following their victory in the Battle of Buxar (1764), the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam conferred the Diwani rights upon the East India Company. This granting of Diwani rights, specifically pertaining to Bengal, occurred in 1765. In essence, Diwani rights signify the authority to manage and collect land revenue

2. #42UPPCS 2017
   Who among the following founded the AU India Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1932?
   • AB.G. Gokhale
   • BM.K. Gandhi
   • CB.R. Ambedkar
   • DNone of the above r
   Answer: (A) B.G. Gokhale
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct Dadni system was a phase of business management English East India Company in Bengal in the The company used to engage local merchants goods, especially textiles, from the market on They were called dadni--merchants, because advances from the company for delivering stipulated Dadni system played a crucial role in promoting and craftsmanship in regions where it

3. #43UPSC CSE Prelims 2000
   Which one of the following is not a feature of the Government of India Act of 1935?
   • ADyarchy at the Centre as well as in the provinces
   • BA bicameral Legislature
   • CProvincial Autonomy
   • DAn All-India Federation
   Answer: (C) Provincial Autonomy
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct A in List-I matches Option 3 in List-II: The War (1775-1782) began with the Treaty and ended with the Treaty of Salbai. It saw British the restoration of positions before the war. The from political turmoil in the Maratha Empire murder of Narayanrao Bin List-I matches Option 4 in List-II: The War (1780-1784) was influenced by hostilities during the American Revolutionary Ali, ruler of Mysore, initially succeeded against but faced setbacks. French and British forces joined the conflict. When France made peace, sought a resolution, resulting in the unfavorable of C in List-I matches Option l in List-II: The War (1824-1826) was the initial conflict a series between the British and Burmese empires. It a decisive British victory, granting them control India, including Assam, Manipur, Cachar, while Burmese agreed to pay an indemnity and sign D in List-I matches Option 2

4. #44UPPCS 2017
   With reference to which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. This process started in 1813. 2. Abolition of monopoly trade rights of East India Company aggravated the process.Select the correct answer from the codes given below
   • A1 only
   • B2 only
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2
   Answer: (A) 1 only
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned to 1605. Akbar was the Emperor of India when East India Company was formed in London on 1600 CE. Important Tips Facts about Akbar: Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. With a strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include much of the Indian subcontinent. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire subcontinent because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralized system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and

5. #45UPPCS 2016
   By which of the following Acts, the British for the first time introduced the system of indirect elections in India? In Indian context, the attitude of 'Paternalism in Governance' is associated with: Who has said it: 'I don't have to beg pardon in connection with the allegation that in the draft of the Constitution, a major part of the Government of India Act, 1935, has again been reproduced'? The Indian Famine Code, 1883 was prepared by: British East India Company lost the monopoly of Tea trade by: In which of the following years the British Government finally agreed to hold the Indian Civil Services (LC.S.) examination simultaneously India and England? (. (Mains) 2014
   • A1909
   • B1861
   • C1867
   • D1892
   Answer: (A) 1909
   Explanation

   Option a is the correct were the first European power to set up a the Pondicherry region during the 16th century. I is the Portuguese, the second European power to was the Dutch. Hence, statement 2 is the year 1761, the British captured Pondicherry from but later had to return it back to the French under of Paris (1763). Hence, statement 3 is Not correct. Important Tips The story of Pondicherry: The French East India Company set up a trading center at Pondicherry in the year 1674, and this later became the most prominent French settlement in India. But the French continuously faced opposition from the Dutch and the English. In the year 1693, Pondicherry was again captured by the Dutch as the French Governor Francois Martin surrendered to the Dutch Governor. Later, in the year 1699, the French regained Pondicherry from the Dutch. Pondicherry was occupied several times by the British, but

6. #46Previous year
   The first editor of the journal 'Indian Opinion' was: [. (Pre) 2014)
   • AM.K. Gandhi
   • BAlbert West
   • CMahadev Desai
   • DMansukhal Nazar
   Answer: (C) Mahadev Desai
   Explanation

   Option c is the correct answer. French East India Company was established in the 17th century to oversee French commerce with India, eastern Africa, and other territories of the Indian Ocean and the East Indies. It was established by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, finance minister to King Louis XIV. Important Tips French in India In 1668, the first French factory was established in Surat. In February, 1701, Pondicherry was made the capital of the French settlements in India. French occupied Mahe in Malabar, Yanam in Coromandel and Karaikal in Tamil Nadu. The arrival of Duplex as French governor saw the beginning of Anglo- French conflicts in India

7. #47UPPCS 2013
   In which of the following Acts for the first time provision was made for the post of Governor-General of Bengal?
   • ARegulating Act, 1773
   • BPitt's Indian Act, 1784
   • CCharter Act of 1813
   • DAct of 1833
   Answer: (B) Pitt's Indian Act, 1784
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct answer. The correct order is 4-2-1-3 Portuguese in 1498 - The first Portuguese mission was led by Vasco da Gama who reached Calicut via the Cape of Good Hope in May 1498 where he was favourably received by the local ruler Zamorin. Dutch in 1602 - The Dutch also established their trade centres in India. Cornelis de Houtman was the first Dutch citizen to arrive in India. The Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602, They overpowered the Portuguese and established their control over the centres of spice cultivation in India. They established their trade posts in Gujarat, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. English in 1608 - British emperor James I sent Captain William Hawkins to the court of Jahangir in 1608, to permission to establish trading posts in India. French in 1664 - French were the last among the European companies to enter India. In 1664, during the reign of XIV,

8. #48UPPCS 2009
   Which Act of British Government granted Rs. One lakh for education in India for the first time?
   • AWood's Dispatch, 1854 71
   • BCharter Act, 1813
   • CCharter Act, 1853
   • DIndian Council Act, 1892
   Answer: (B) Charter Act, 1813
   Explanation

   Option bis the correct answer. The Battle of Plassey gave the British control of Bengal and marked the beginning of their gradual consolidation of British Supremacy over much of India. The British chose Bengal, particulady Kolkata (Calcutta), due to its strategic location, weak local ruler, rich resources, educated population, and potential for trade. The region's fertile land, abundant supply of resources, and access to the Ganges River facilitated trade and business. The Battle of Plassey was on 23 June l 757 between the forces of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud- Daulah, and the British East India Company, led by Robel't Clive. The British victory in the Battle of Plassey marked the beginning of British rule in India. The battle was won by the British due to a number of factors, including the betrayal of Mir Jafar, the commander of the Nawab's army, the superior military training and equ

9. #49UPPCS 2002
   Name of the magazine published by Mahatma Gandhi during his stay in South Africa, was
   • ANavjeevan
   • BIndia Gazette
   • CAfricaner
   • DIndian Opinion
   Answer: (B) India Gazette
   Explanation

   Option b is the correct office of the Secretary of State for India was created Government of India Act 1858. This act transferred the power and territories of the British East India Company to the British Crown after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The Secretary of State for India was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of British India, Aden, and Burma. He was assisted by a council of 15 members and reported to the Parliament of India

10. #50Practice set
    Consider the following statements with respect to the arrival of Europeans in India: I. The first Portuguese factory was set up at Calicut by Vasco da Gama. 2. The French were the first to set up factories in Pondicherry. 3. The Dutch established their first factory in Masulipatnam.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two 6
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct l is incorrect. The first Portuguese factory up at Calicut by Pedro Alvarez Cabral (not Vasco in 1510 co Da Gama arrived at Calicut in the king Zamor,n accorded a friendly reception to 2 h incorrect. tuguese were the first one up a factory in Pondicherry in 1523 and then Danes 3 is correct: The Dutch founded their in Masulipatnam (in Andhra) in 1605. Nagapattinam near Madras (Chennai) from and made it their main stronghold in South India. Important Tips Dutch established its rule over Pondicherry only in 1693 after capturing it from France. Later Dutch returned Pondicherry to France in 1699 under the Treaty of Rys wick

11. #51Practice set
    In the context of establishment of early European powers in India, the "Cartaz System" refers to
    • AA Sea trade pass introduced by Portuguese East India Company in Indian Ocean region
    • BA commercial passport introduced by British to facilitate the passage of consignments
    • CA trade license for Indian merchants introduced by French to establish monopoly over trade
    • DA system under which Dutch companies were given exclusive rights to trade in certain goods
    Answer: (A) A Sea trade pass introduced by Portuguese East India Company in Indian Ocean region
    Explanation

    a is the correct System was a naval trade license pass Portuguese East India Company in the region including Bay of Bengal in the early Traditionally, the Arab and Persian mariners the Indian Ocean traffic and by virtue sµpre.µiacy they maintained order and security trade of the region. From the early the Portuguese superseded the Muslim th.e regime of the Indian Ocean. By over the Indian Ocean, the cartaz system as a mark of their authority. all other Asian partners in the Indian Ocean their supremacy by paying a toll called cartaz entitled its holder freedom of movement in Ocean.' Important Tips Navicert system was introduced by the British in 1916. It refers to a commercial passport introduced by British to facilitate the passage of consignments through the British blockade

12. #52Practice set
    Consider the following items: 1. Coffee 2. Tobacco 3. Tea 4. Sugarcane 5. ChilliHow many of the items given above are introduced by Portuguese in India?
    • AOnly two
    • BOnly three
    • COnly four
    • DAll five
    Answer: (A) Only two
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct 1 is incorrect: Coffee came to India through Sufi saint named "Baba Budan". He brought from Yemen to India around 1670. He brought when he went on a pilgrimage to 2 and 5 is correct: Portuguese introduced new tobacco, cashew nut, chilli. Tobacco is said to have into India in the beginning of 17th century. of Chilli peppers to Asia was most likely a of its introduction to Portuguese 3 is incorrect: Tea was introduced to India by in the nineteenth century, to overcome the Chinese production. The first area to be planted was surrounding the th.e in the 4 is in correct: Cultivation.of sugarcane back to the Vedic period. The earliest mention. cultivation is found in Indian writings of 1400 to 1000 B.C

13. #53Practice set
    With reference to Haider Ali, consider the following statements: 1. He established arms factory at Dindigul, with the help from French. 2. He maintained friendly relations with the Nawab of Arcot. 3. He forced the English forces to accept a very humiliating treaty of Madras. 4. His attack on Travancore for restoration of his sovereign rights led to the second Anglo-Mysore war.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. Haidar Ali took the help of to set up an arms factory at Dindigul (now in and also introduced Western methods of training 2 is incorrect. Haidar had territorial the Nawab of Arcot and differences with the during the first Anglo-Mysore war, Haidar paid to turn them 3 is correct. Haider Ali joined forces with the first Anglo-Mysore war to attack the Nawab of suddenly attacking Madras, he forced the English a very humiliating treaty in 1769-Treaty 4 is incorrect. Tipu Sultan and not Haider Travancore for resto.ration of his sovereign led to the third Aqglo-Mysore war. Travancore Jalkottal and c'annanore from the butch in state, which was a feudatory of Tipu, he act of Travancore as a violation of his sovereign rights. Important Tips The Madras treaty provided for the exchange of prisoners and mutual restitution of conquests. Haidar Ali was promised the

14. #54Practice set
    Consider the following events in the Indian history: 1. Nadir Shah defeated the Mughals in the Battle of Kamal. 2. Akbar gave the title of Raja to Rammohan Roy. 3. Occurrence of the Battle of Buxar. 4. Jahandar Shah became the Mughal Emperor. What is the correct chronological order of the above events, starting from the earliest time?
    • A1 - 4 - 3 - 2
    • B4 - 1 - 2.- 3
    • C1 - 3 - 4 - 2
    • D4-l-3-2
    Answer: (D) 4-l-3-2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct correct chronological order is as follows: 4: Jahandar Shah (March 1712-February the help of Zulfikar Khan, Jahandar Shah 1: In 1739, Nadir Shah defeated the Mughals in of Karnal and later imprisoned Muhammad 3: The combined armies of Mir Kasim (Nawab Shuja-ud-daulah (Nawab of Awadh) and Shah Alam (Mughal Emperor) were defeated by the English Major Hector Munro at Buxar on October 22, 2: Akbar gave the title of Raja to Rammohan the year 1831. Important Tips Zulfikar Khan was appointed as Prime Minister during Jahandar Shah. Zulfikar Khan, introduced the Izara system to improve the financial condition of the empire and also abolished Jaziya

15. #55Practice set
    With reference to the impact of the 'Battle of Buxar', consider the following statements: 1. The real power of administration shifted from the Nawab to the Naib-Subedar. 2. Awadh was immediately annexed into the Company's territory. 3. Treaty of Allahabad was signed between Robert Clive and Shah Alam IL 4. The East India Company was given the diwani of the province of Bengal.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (C) Only three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: After the war, the real power lay in the hands of the naib-subahdar, be appointed or dismissed by the English. The made a titular 2 is incorrect: Awadh was not annexed, but a Buffer State. Because, annexation would have Company under an obligation to protect an frontier from the Afghan and the Maratha 3 is correct: The victory of the British led to of the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) by Robert Shah Alam II. By this treaty the got right to collect land revenue from the princely Bengal, Bihar and 4 is correct. In 1765 the Mughal the Company as the Diwan of the provinces The Diwani allowed th.e Company to use the resources of Bengal. Important Tips Battle of Buxar; The combined armies of Mir Kasim (Nawab of Bengal), Shuja-ud-daulah (Nawab of Awadh) and Shah Alam (Mughal Emperor) were defeated by the English forces under Major Hector Munro at Buxar on Octo

16. #56Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to 'Residents' appointed in the Princely States by the Britishers: 1. The 'Residents' were appointed in the Indian states as political or commercial agents of the Company. 2; They acted as the heads of Contingent army units placed in the states by the British. 3. The Residents never interfered in the internal affairs of Indian states, under any circumstance.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Battle of Buxar gave an opportunity to enter the politics of India. It helped the British to carve empire in 1 is correct: The subsidiary alliance system by Lord Wellesley, who was governor-general Under the system, the allying Indian was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for The Indian ruler had to agree to the a British resident in his court. 2 is correct: They were the heads of units placed under Subsidiary alliance in the 3 is incorrect: The residents or the was to serve and to promote the interests of were also political or commercial their job was to serve and further the interests of Through the Residents, the Company interfering in the internal affairs of Indian states

17. #57Practice set
    Which of the following is the main reason for the British to secure control of Northwest India during 19 th century?
    • AThey saw the rulers of Punjab as ambitious that can endanger their control over India
    • BKingdoms in Northwest India violated the Doctrine of Lapse policy
    • CThey feared the invasion of India by Russia
    • DThey wanted to acquire the rich fertile tracts of North west India to raise 1 and revenue
    Answer: (C) They feared the invasion of India by Russia
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct British wanted to secure their control over the northwest as they feared the invasion by the fought a prolonged war with Afghanistan and 1842 and established indirect Company rule was taken over in 1843. After the death of Singh in 1839, two prolonged wars were fought Sikh kingdom. Ultimately, in 1849, Punjab was the British succeeded to secure control of the late the East India Company became Russia. It imagined that Russia might expand and enter India from the north-west

18. #58Practice set
    Consider the following statements:/ 1. Portuguese Jesuit Antonio Monserrate was the contemporary of Mughal ruler Akbar. 2. French Physician Francois Bernier served as a physician to Prince Dara Shukoh. 3. French jeweller Jean Baptiste Tavernier visited India several times duripg the reign of Mughal emperor Humayun.How many of the statements. given are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: In 1579, Akbar forwarded a the authorities at Goa requesting them to learned priests. In response, the Church authorities sent Jesuit fathers, Rodolfo Acquaviva and to Akbar court (Fatehpur Sikri) in 2 is correct: Francois Bernier (1620 - a French physician and traveller. He was a physician Dara Shukoh the elder son of Shah Jahan. He India for around 12 years from 3 is incorrect Jean-Baptiste Tavernier was a 17th-century French gem merchant and El H He travelled to India at least six times and he with the trading conditions in India. Humayun died in 1556

19. #59Practice set
    In the context of Portuguese rule in India, consider the following events: I. Establishment of the first Portuguese factory at Calicut. 2. Accession of the island of Bassein. 27. 3. Abolition of Sati. 4. Introduction of 'Blue Water Policy'. 5. Acquisition of Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur. Ho_w many of the events given above had taken palce during the tenure of the Governor Alfanso De Albuquerque?
    • AOnly two
    • BOnly three
    • COnly four
    • DAll five
    Answer: (B) Only three
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct the first time a Portuguese expedition arrived in 1498. It by Vasco Da Gama. In 1505, Kirig appointed a Governor in India for the first De Almeida was the first such appointee'. He by Alfonso de Albuquerque, who came to 1 is incorrect: Pedro Alvarez Cabral led a India after the successful expedition by Vasco Da arrivee at Calicut in 1500, where is established: 2 is incorrect: In 1534, the ruler of Gujarat ceded the island of Bassein to Portuguese in return help during the conflict with Humayun. during the Governorship of Nino da office in 3 is correct: Alfonso de Albuquerque was the first Portuguese leader, but also the first to abolish the practice of 'sati' in Goa. of sati had spread in Goa during the period. 4 is incorrect: The Blue Water Policy the first Governor- Francisco de 5 is correct: Alfonso de Albuquerque acquired the Sultan of Bijapur, Ismail Adil Sha

20. #60Practice set
    Consider the following statements about the Second Anglo Mysore War: 1. English attempt to capture Mahe instigated Haider Ali to fight the Second Anglo Mysore war. 2. Haider Ali had forged an anti-English alliance at the beginning of the war. 3. Haider was able to successfully defeat English at the Porto Novo. 4. Treaty of Seringapatam was signed to conclude the war.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Second Anglo Mysore war was fought between of Mysore on one side and the British on the l is correct: Haidar Ali accused the English of faith and non-observance of the Treaty of in 1771 he was attacked by the Marathas, and failed to come to his aid. British tried to which Haidar regarded to be under his considered the English attempt to capture Mahe challenge to his 2 is correct: Haidar forged an with the Marathas and the Nizam. He followed it an attack in the Carnatic, capturing Arcot, and English army under Colonel Baillie in 178 l. However, meantime, the English (under Sir Eyre Coote) the Marathas and the Nizam from Haidar's 3 is incorrect: Haider Ali faced defeat at at the hands of British. However, he forces and defeated the English and captured 4 is incorrect: Treaty of Mangalore was the English and Tipu Sultan (as Haider Ali died in March 1784, as both the

21. #61Practice set
    The English had been successful in ousting other European powers in the arena of political domination in India. In this context, consider the following statements regarding reasons for their success against other European powers in India: 1. East India Company (EIC) was State owned since beginning, leading to convergence of political and commercial interests. 2. More acceptability of English by natives due to their lesser zeal for religion. 3. Total abstinence by British from use of debt to fund the Wars. 4. Naval superiority of British over its rivalries.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • COnly three
    • DAll four
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct all the European nations who came as traders to new sea routes were discovered, England emerged as powerful and successful by the end of the 18th defeated the Portuguese, Dutch, and the 1 is incorrect: East India Company was a which was formed through amalgamation rival companies at home. It was controlled by of directors whose members were elected shareholders of the company exercised The trading companies of France and largely owned by the State, and their nature was in feudalistic. The French Company was simply a department of the State and no meetings of place between 1725 and 2 is correct: As compared to Spain, Dutch Britain was less interested in the spread Its rule was, therefore, far more acceptable subjects than the other colonial 3 is incorrect: The use of debt was one of important factors which helped Britain in other colonial powers. The world's first

22. #62Practice set
    Consider the following statements regarding the administration of Portuguese in India:1. 'Vedor de Fazenda' was an official responsible for the collection of revenues. 2. The Church played an important role in the administrative affairs of the State.Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct possessions of Portuguese were administered by generally appointed for a period of three served as the highest authority and had command financial and other administrative 1 is correct: In Portuguese Governor served as the highest authority. served for a period of three years. He was his secretary and the Council. Vedor de Fazenda for the collection of revenues and cargoes of fleets. The administration was great po-wers being held by the.inclividua.l Like the governors ancl viceroys, fortress for three years, however their terms could 2 is correct: The Church played an in the State. The administrative and religious the State were interrelated. In 1557, Goa became the an archbishop. Religious Orders of the Dominicans and Jesuits established in Goa, giving the Catholic Church a presence and influence in the capital of the India, for which it earned the nickname of "

23. #63Practice set
    Read the following paragraph carefully: "This Mughal Emperor was also known as Ali Gauhar. He inherited a crumbling and a rather small Mughal During his reign, the Mughal Empire extended only from Delhi to Palam - a suburb of Delhi. His reign saw two decisive battles-the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and the Battle of Buxar (1764 The above description is best associated with which of the following Mughal Emperor?
    • AMuhammad Shah
    • BShah Jahan
    • CShah Alam
    • DBahadur Shah
    Answer: (C) Shah Alam
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct Mughal Emperor Shah Alam (1760-1806) was as Ali Gauhar. During his tenure, the mighty had shrunken and confined only from Delhi The fortunes of Shah Alam rarely prospered lifetime. He saw two important battles- Third Battle of Panipat (1761): It was fought between the Maratha Empire and the invading army of Durrani Empire. The Afghans were supported by four key allies in India: the Pashtun Rohillas under the command of Najib ad-Dawlah the Baloch Khanate of Kalat, and the Oudh State under Shuja-ud-Daula as well as elements of the declining Mughal Empire The Battle of Buxar (1764): It was a battle fought between the English Forces, and a joint army of the Nawab of Oudh, Nawab of Bengal, and the Mughal Emperor. The battle was the result of misuse of trade privileges granted by the Nawab of Bengal. Important Tips The British won the Battle of Buxar and Treaty of Allah

24. #64Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the British policy in India: 1. Forward policy of Auckland implied that it was East India Company's responsibility to protect the boundary of British India from a probable Russian attack. 2. John Lawrence started a foreign policy of 'proud reserve' which was aimed at safeguarding 'spheres of influence'. 3. Lord Curzon created the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) directly under the control of Government of India.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone B
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: Auckland came to India as the governor general in 1836 and advocated a forward policy. This implied that the Company government in India itself had to take initiatives to protect the boundary of British India from a probable Russian attack. This objective was to be achieved either through treaties with the neighboring countries or by annexing them completely. Statement 2 is incorrect: Lytton, a nominee of the Conservative government under Benjamin Disraeli (1874- 80), became the Viceroy of India in 1876. He started a new foreign policy of 'proud reserve', which was aimed at having scientific frontiers and safeguarding 'spheres of influence'. According to Lytton, the relations with Afghanistan could no longer be left ambiguous. Statement 3 is correct: Curzon, the viceroy between 1899 and 1905, followed a policy of withdrawal and conc

25. #65Practice set
    During the struggle for establishment of supremacy in South India, the English the French had fought a series of Carnatic Wars. In this context, consider the following statements: 1. The English forces won over the combined forces of Nawab of Carnatic and French in the Battle of St. Thome. 2. The French, led by Governor Dupleix, won the Battle of Wandiwash in 1960. 3. The Treaty of Peace of Paris is related to the Third Carnatic War.How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct answer. Both the British as well as French came to India for trading purposes. Later, their rivalry grew deeper due to involvement into the politics of India. Statement 1 is incorrect: The Battle of St. Thome took place 1746 during the First Carnatic War (1740-48). It was perceived as an extension of Anglo-French war in [ was caused by Austrian War of Succession. In of St. Thome, French got the victory. The was supported by British and had a army then the French. But under the leadership Paradise, French emerged 2 is incorrect: Governor Dupleix was the Second Carnatic War (1749-54), whereas Battle (1760) took place during the Third (1758-63). The Second Carnatic war was the result in the internal politics of Hyderabad and Dupleix was recalled from India in 1754 due defeat of French army and the heavy cost incurred Company due to his political decisions. The Englis

26. #66Practice set
    Which of the following can be considered as a consequence of the arrival of European traders especially British in India?
    • ARapid increase in the share of Urban population in India
    • BRapid economic growth of some port cities
    • CRapid increase in the number of towns located along the rivers
    • DRapid modernisation of traditional Industries
    Answer: (B) Rapid economic growth of some port cities
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct a is incorrect: After 1800, urbanisation in India All through the nineteenth century up to the decades of the twentieth, the proportion of the to the total population in India was and had remained b is correct: Commercial centres such as and Dhaka declined when trade other places. As the British gradually acquired after the Battle of Plassey in 17 5 7, and the trade of East India Company expanded, colonial port as Madras, Calcutta and Bombay rapidly emerged new economic c is incorrect: The introduction of railways in shifted economic activity away from which were located along old routes and rivers. station became a collection depot for raw a distribution point for imported goods. For on the Ganges, which specialised in and cotton goods from the Deccan, declined railway link was made to Bombay. Railway towns Waltair and Bareilly d is incorrect: India never became

27. #67Practice set
    With reference to Farrukhsiyar's Farman of 1717, which of the following statements is/ are correct? 1. The concessions under the farman was only available in Bengal. 2. The East India Company was exempted from export duty but not from import duty.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a farman giving the British Company the right to reside and trade in the 1 is incorrect. It gave the East India Company monopoly trade and concessions not only in also in Gujarat and 2 is incorrect. The East India Company from both export duty and import duty by the annual payment of rupees

28. #68Practice set
    Which of the statements is correct regarding the Golden Farman?
    • AIt gave East India Company the right to collect the revenue of Bengal and Or issa
    • BIt gave East India Company the privilege of trading freely in the ports of Golconda
    • CIt gave the zamindari rights of three villages of Sutanati, Gobindapur, and Kalikata to East India Company
    • DIt granted nizamat of Bengal to the East India Company
    Answer: (B) It gave East India Company the privilege of trading freely in the ports of Golconda
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct Farman was issued to the British East which gave them the privilege of trading the ports of Golconda by sultan of Golconda on of 500 pagodas a year in farman allowed the British to reopen their factory

29. #69Practice set
    Which of the following statements regarding the outcomes of Battle of Plassey is/ are correct? 1. Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal. 2. The British acquired the zamindari of Burdwan, Midnapur Chittagong from the new Nawab. 3. Sovereignty of the English over Calcutta was recognized.Select the correct option using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 3 only
    • C1 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 3
    Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct: Mir Jafar, who was of the army was bribed by the abandon Siraj during the Battle. This helped the easily. The British had promised Mir Jaffar the Bengal in return for his help defeating Siraj, who used British under tight control, which is why they get rid of 2 is incorrect: The British were given of 24 Parganas in Bengal, as a reward after of rights over Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong to the British by Mir Kasim in 1760, when the him displace Mir Jafar by 3 is correct: The Battle of Plassey significance for it laid the the British empire in India; it has been as the starting point of British rule in India. The battle established the military supremacy of the Bengal. The sovereignty of the English over Calcutta and the English posted a Resident at the

30. #70Practice set
    Which of the following of the Nawab of Bengal, Mir Qasim, led to disputes with the East India Company which finally culminated in the Battle of Buxar of 1764? 1. He shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger in Bihar. 2. He abolished all the duties on the internal trade. 3. He stripped the Company of its right to issue dastaks. 4. He started raising a modern and disciplined army along the European lines.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 4 only
    • B1, 2 and 4 only
    • C2, 3 and 4 only
    • D1, 2 and 3 only
    Answer: (B) 1, 2 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct. After assuming power, Mir his capital from Murshidabad to Munger He shifted the capital so that he could from the interference and control of 2 is correct. In order to counter the abuse of 1717 by the and to bring Indian Merchants on par with Mir Qasim abolished all duties on the in 3 is incorrect. The Nawab did not abolish rights to issue dastak. He only tried to misuse of farman by the Company servants issued dastaks for their private 4 is correct. Mir Qasim realized that to independence, it was essential to have an efficient he started to raise a modern and disciplined the European lines

31. #71Practice set
    Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Battle of Wandiwash? 1. Dupleix played a decisive role in the Battle of Wandiwash. 2. This battle left the English East India Company with no European rival in India. 3. Indian natives joined the English army and not the French. 4. Pondicherry was given to France along with five trading ports.Select the correct answer using the code given below
    • A1 and 2 only
    • B2 and 4 only
    • C2 and 3 only
    • D1, 2 and 4 only
    Answer: (B) 2 and 4 only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. Dupleix was recalled in to the initial defeat of the French army in the War. The Battle of Wandiwash was a decisive the Third Carnatic War, which was won by the January 22, 1760 at Wandiwash (or Vandavasi) in 2 is correct. The victory at Wandiwash left East India Company with no European rival 3 is incorrect. Significantly, in the Battle natives served in both the armies-of French as 4 is correct. After the battle of Wandiwash, it at the Paris Treaty that the Pondicherry would go along with five trading ports

32. #72Practice set
    Consider the following statements with reference to the Carnatic Wars: 1. The First Carnatic War was an extension of the Seven Years War. 2. The Second Carnatic War was the result of interference in political affairs of the Indian rulers. 3. The Third Carnatic War established Britain as the supreme European power in India.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is incorrect. The First Carnatic War was of the Anglo-French War in Europe which by the Austrian War of Succession. The War ( 1758-63) coincided with the in Europe caused by the Seven Years War 2 is correct. The background for the War (1749-54) was provided by rivalry in the French Governor, sought to increase and French political influence in southern India in local dynastic disputes to defeat the 3 is correct. The Third Carnatic War was won English on January 22, 1760 at Wandiwash (or Tamil Nadu. Although the Treaty of Peace of Paris to the French their factories in India, the influence disappeared after the war. English became the supreme European power in subcontinent

33. #73Practice set
    With reference to the dual government in Bengal introduced by Robert Clive after the Battle of Buxar, consider the following statements: 1. The diwani rights came under the control of the East India Company, while the nizamat rights remained under the control of the Nawab of Bengal. 2. The East India Company could nominate deputy subahdar of Bengal. 3. It was abolished by Lord Cornwallis.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Battle of Buxar established the English forces as of Bengal. In 1765, Robert Clive introduced a dual government in Bengal the rule of the two, and the Nawab of l is incorrect. Under the system of both the diwani and nizamat functions the control of the Company. The Company diwani functions from the Mughal.Emperor through of Allahabad. It also acquired the nizamat the subahdar of Bengal through the same 2 is correct. The Company exercised its by nominating a deputy subahdar of nominated Mohammad Reza Khan as the 3 is incorrect. The dual system of proved to be ineffective. Neither the Company nor awab cared for administration and public welfare. Hence, abolished by Warren Hastings in Cornwallis was the governor-general of Bengal and 1793

34. #74Practice set
    Which of the following factors resulted in the Battle of Plassey? 1. Fortification of Calcutta without the permission of nawab by the British. 2. Asylum was provided to the Nawab's enemy Krishna Das by the British. 3. The rampant misuse of the trade privileges by the British.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (C) All three
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. There was a trade rivalry French and the British, as a result, the English East too began to build fortifications around settlement at Calcutta. This was seen as a his authority by the Nawab of Bengal, ordered both the parties to destroy the the French East India Company agreed to this British refused to acquiesce to the Nawab's demand. As this became a bone of contention between the the 2 is The East India Company the enemy Krishna Das. This angered The suspected that Siraj would its trac' o in collusion with the French The Company thus tried to take revenge on giving asylum to a political fugitive, Krishna Das, fled with immense treasures against the nawab's 3 is correct. One of the reasons behind relationship between Siraj-Ud Daulah and the the misuse of trade privileges by the East India officials of the Company made rampant misuse of privileges

35. #75Practice set
    In context to 'Gomastha' during the British India rule, which of the following statements is correct?
    • AThey were the commission agents who operated as mediator between the buyer and seller during internal trade in commodities
    • BThey were the mediators who settled disputes out of court by arbitration
    • CThese are the officials who distributed wages to Indian sepoys
    • DThey were paid agents of East India company to supervise weavers in India
    Answer: (D) They were paid agents of East India company to supervise weavers in India
    Explanation

    Option d is the correct Gomasthas were the British East India agents, who signed agreements with the artisans weavers to supply goods to the firm. They set the the products. The East India Company wanted to political hold in country and to assert a monopoly to trade. It eliminated the existing traders and with the cloth trade, and establish a more over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, the quality of cloth

36. #76Practice set
    Consider the pairs given below: 1. First Carnatic Besieging of Madras by War French 2. Second Succession rivalry Carnatic War in Hyderabad and Carnatic 3. Third Carnatic French Attack on Fort War William of BritishHow many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (B) Only two
    Explanation

    Option b is the correct 1 is correct: First Carnatic War (1740-48): under Barnet seized French ships. It provoked France retaliated by seizing Madras in 1746, La Bourdonnais, the French governor of began the first Carnatic 2 is correct: Second Carnatic War ( 17 49-54): in Hyderabad and Carnatic by British and to the second Carnatic wars. French supported the Muzaffar Jang, while the English sided with Nasir Hyderabad, whereas, French supported Chanda Sahib supported Anwar-ud-din in case of 3 is incorrect: Third Carnatic war (1758-63): of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 captured Chandernagore in India. It led to of third Carnatic war

37. #77Practice set
    With reference to the Portuguese policies in India, consider the following statements: 1. Viceroys were given the charge of revenue in their administration. 2. Nino da Cunha arranged for settlement of Portuguese nationals in Bengal. 3. The Portuguese were highly tolerant towards other religions.How many of the above given statements are correct?
    • AOnly one
    • BOnly two
    • CAll three
    • DNone
    Answer: (A) Only one
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct Arrival of Vasco-da-gama, at the port of Calicut West India in 1498 marked the entry of Portuguese Vasco da Gama set up a trading factory at Calicut, Cannanor and Cochin became trade centres of the 1 is incorrect. Viceroy was the head of administration and served for three years, secretary and, in later years, a council. Vedor da was next in importance, was responsible for the cargoes and dispatch of fleets. The Africa to China, were under captains, assisted whose power was increased by the difficulties and was too often used for personal 2 is correct. Nino da Cunha assumed office governor of Portuguese interests in India in and almost one year later shifted the headquarters Portuguese government in India from Cochin to Cunha also attempted to increase Portuguese Bengal by settling many Portuguese nationals there as their Statement 3 is incorrect. The Portuguese w

38. #78Practice set
    In the context of Portuguese Prince Henry, consider the following statements:l. Pope Nicholas V conferred on him the right to navigate the "sea to the distant shores of the Orient". 2. He had an obsession with the idea of finding an ocean route to India.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
    Explanation

    Option c is the correct 1 is correct. Pope Nicholas V gave Prince Henry in 1454, conferring on him the right to navigate the the distant shores of the Orient", more specifically "as India" in an attempt to fight Islamic influence and Christian faith. However, Prince Henry died before became a 2 is correct. Historians have observed that of finding an ocean route to India had become for Prince Henry of Portugal, who was 'Navigator'; also, he was keen to find a way to Muslim domination of the eastern Mediterranean and routes that connected India to Europe

39. #79Practice set
    In the context of history, Treaty of Tordesillas is associated with
    • AIt is a treaty between the rulers of Portugal and Spain to divide the non - Christian world by an imaginary line in the Atlantic
    • BTreaty was an agreement between Henry IV, king of Engl and; and the duke of Or leans arose out of the French civil war
    • CPeace treaty that ended the Third Anglo- Dutch War
    • DUnder this treaty Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat ceded the Mumbai Islands and other territories to the Portuguese Empire
    Answer: (A) It is a treaty between the rulers of Portugal and Spain to divide the non - Christian world by an imaginary line in the Atlantic
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct a is correct. In 1497, under the Treaty of the rulers of Portugal and Spain divided the world between them by an imaginary line. in some 1,300 miles west of the Cape Verde the treaty, Portugal could claim and the east of the line while Spain could claim everything west. The situation was thus prepared for the into the waters around India. Important Tips Treaty of Bourges: In 1412, Treaty of Bourges is an agreement between Henry IV, king of England, and the duke of Orleans arose out of the French civil war. In return for Henry's aid against the Burgundians, Orleans accepted English claims to sovereignty over the duchy of Aquitaine. Henry dispatched an army in July 1412, but as the Orleanists had reached a temporary peace with Burgundy, the treaty was never fulfilled. Treaty of Westminster: Treaty of Westminster of 1674 was the peace treaty that ended the Third Angl

40. #80Practice set
    Consider the following statements in the context of Young Bengal Movement: 1. The movement wanted to promote the ideas of French revolution. 2. They were successful in organizing peasant movements in Bengal.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • A1 only
    • B2 only
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer: (A) 1 only
    Explanation

    Option a is the correct the late and early there emerged intellectual trend among the youth in came to be known as the 'Young Bengal young Anglo-Indian, Henry Vivian Derozio taught at the Hindu College from 1826 to 1831, was and inspirer of this progressive 1 is correct. Drawing inspiration from the Revolution, Derozio inspired his pupils to and rationally, question all authority, love and freedom, and oppose decadent customs The Derozians also supported women's rights 2 is incorrect. The Derozians failed to have impact. The main reason for their limited the prevailing social conditions at that time, not ripe for the adoption of radical ideas. was no support from any other social group or Derozians lacked any real link with the masses; they failed to take up the peasants' cause. In radicalism was bookish in character. Their total the British and in English education, their scientism deri

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